• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 1999

The study was designated to investigate the electron microscopic findings following diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment in rats. Forty four male (Srague Dawley) rats were continuously given water containing 0.01% DEN for 13 weeks and livers of five rats with more tumor lesions at 16 and 17 weeks after initial treatment were used as EM materials. In transmission electron microscopic findings, most small-sized hepatocytes were active cells containing large mount of organelles, but light (pale staining) hepatocytes among small-sized hepatocytes were injured cells containg disorganized organelles. Tumor cells among small-sized hepatocytes were irregularly arranged and have pleomorphic nuclei containing electron dense chromatin but the organelles in cytoplasm were swelled. Large-sized hepatocytes were active cells with condensed chromatin but the cytoplasm of these cells were pale due to be injured and dilated organelles. Dark hepatocytes were apoptotic cells with homogenous pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasm, and the cytoplasm of these cells contained dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) but these sER were non-vesiculated. Cholangiocarninoma cells were crowded and were pale by far less number of organelles in cytoplasm and nuclei. In scanning electron microscopic findings, the lumens of portal veins, bile canaliculi, bile ductules, bile ducts and sinusoids were dilated and have irregular folded inner surface by protruded parenchyma.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 위치특이적 펩타이드 및 단백질을 사용하여 재조합 대장균에서 활성형 인간 상피세포성장인자(hEGF)를 고효율로 발현할 수 있는 방법을 찾아내는 데 있다. 재조합 대장균내 cytoplasm 및 periplasm 영역에서 hEGF의 발현을 위해 각각 세개의 응합 펩타이드 및 단백질을 선정하여 상호 비교하였다. 재조합 대장균에서 hEGF의 발현유도시 대부분 불용성 단백질로 생산되는 현상을 극복하기 위해 cytoplasm영역에서는 ATS, thioredoxin, 리파제를 융합파트너로 사용하였으며 periplasm 영역에서는 foldase인 DsbA와 DsbC, 용융성 고발현 단백질인 maltose binding protein을 선택하여 사용하였다. Periplasm영역에서 발현유도를 시키는 융합단백질의 경우 cytoplasm영역에서의 발현양도 용융성 형태로 고발현 되는 것을 알 수 있었으며 전체적으로 약 2배가량의 용융성 형태로 발현되었다. hECF의 발현율을 가장 높일 수 있는 융합단백 질은 maltose binding protein이었으나 발현된 융합단백질의 24%가 불용성 단백질로 형성되어 활성형 형태로 얻는 데 한계가 있었으며, 활성형 형태로 hEGF의 발현을 위해서는 DsbA를 응합단백질로 사용한 경우에 18.1 mg/L로 가장 높은 발현농도를 보였다. Cytoplasm 영역에서 발현유도를 한 경우에는 ATS와 thioredoxin을 응합파트너로 hEGF를 발현한 경우 용융성 형태로 높은 발현율을 보였다. 특히 ATS와 같은 펩타이드를 N-말단에 융합시킨 경우 불용성을 방지하는 효과를 보여 이황화결합의 불완전성이나 소수성으로 인해 불용성 단백질로 발현되는 기존의 단백질을 활성형 형태로 발현하는데 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.36-36
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• 2002

This study was designed to examine the ability of the bovine (MII) oocytes cytoplasm to support several mitotic cell cycles under the direction of differentiated somatic cell nuclei of bovine, human, porcine and mouse. Bovine GV oocytes were matured in TCM-l99 supplemented with l0% FBS. At 22 h after IVM, denuded recipient oocytes were stained with 5 ㎍/㎖ Hoechst and their 1 st polar body (PB) and MII plate were removed by enucleation micropipette under. (omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1989

Secretory ducts in the stem of Panax ginseng seedlings are observed with light and electron microscopes to clarify development of the epithelial cells of secretory ducts. Secretory duct initial cell is developed from procambial cell which originated from initial cell is differentiated into ipithelial cell ofsecretory ducts. Intercellular space between the epithelial cells are gradually expanded and differentiated into duct lumen. Disintegrations of epithelial cells occur throughout all the stages of development. The cytoplasm of epithelial cells darken and the epithelial cell wall are lysed, preceding their disintegraton. In the epithelial cell organelles are scattered in the cytoplasm. Development of vcuoles are sparse at the early stage. Starch grains decreased gradually, while lipid droplets increased. Free ribosomes are distributed throughout the cytoplasm and secretory vesicles which originated from rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex are fused with the plasmalemma. These suggest that the cellular metabolism is active. Microtubules and plasmodesmata are typically observed in the thickened epithelial cell wall. Secretions are accumulated in duct lumen.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2007

Granular cell tumor is a rare tumor of the soft tissue and this is characterized by proliferation of large cells with granular appearing eosinophilic cytoplasm. We report the imprint cytologic features of a case of granular cell tumor in the left calf of a 52-year-old woman. Microscopic examination showed moderate cellularity. The tumor cells were arranged both as single cells and in clusters. The cells were large polygonal-shaped and they had small round nuclei with finely granular chromatin and occasionally conspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasm was abundant eosinophilic and granular. Naked nuclei and spindle-shaped tumor cells were occasionally noted. No mitosis and necrosis were present. The background showed cytoplasmic granular materials. The tumor cells showed positivity for S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, abundant lysosomes were present in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2008

Hibernoma is a rare, benign adipose tumor composed of brown fat cells with eosinophilic granular or multivacuolated cytoplasm. The cytologic features of hibernoma have been rarely reported and may mimic other polygonal cell neoplasms. We report the imprint cytologic features of a case of hibernoma in the left thigh of a 68-year-old woman. Microscopic examination showed large, round, or polygonal brown fat cells. The cells were arranged in fragments or clusters. The nuclei were uniformly round with finely granular chrornatin. The cytoplasm was multivacuolated or univacuolated. The abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm was also present. No nuclear atypia were present. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cells were positive for S-100 protein.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1988

비타민C의 급원식품인 콩나물의 생장과 비타민C의 함량을 식물 생장조절제에 의하여 조절할 목적으로 gibberellic acid$(GA_3)$, indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) 및 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAa)의 단독 및 혼합 처리를 하였을때 가장 적당한 식물 생장조절제의 종류 및 그 농도를 찾고 이 생장조절제가 비타민C의 생합성에 미치는 영향 및 당대사와 비타민C 생성과의 관계를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 콩나물의 생장은 NAA는 $10^{-8}M$, IAA 는 $10^{-6}M$, $GA_3$는 $10^{-5}M$에서 각각 가장 양호하였다. $GA_3$와 NAA 혼합처리의 경우는 $GA_3\;10^{-5}M+NAA\;10^{-9}M$에서, $GA_3$와 IAA 혼합처리의 경우는 $GA_3,\;10^{-5}M+IAA\;$10^{-9}M$에서 양호하였고, 단독처리가 혼합처리에 비하여 양호하였으며 특히 IAA $10^{-6}M$ 처리에서 가장 좋았다. 생장이 비교적 양호한 NAA $10^{-8}M, IAA\;10^{-6}M,\;GA_3\;10^{-5}M,\;GA_3\;10^{-8}M+IAA\;10^{-6}M$ 및 $GA_3\;10^{-5}M+IAA\;10^{-9}M$의 각 처리구에서 비타민C의 생성 정도를 조사한 결과 콩나물 생장이 가장 양호하였던 IAA $10^{-6}M$ 에서 24.26mg%로서 그 함량이 가장 높았으며 대조구의 1.6배였다. 생장이 저해되지 않는 농도의 chloramphenicol(CAP) 처리에 의하여 ribulose diphosphate carboxylase(RuDpCO)는 저해되었으나 nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH), galactonolactone dehydrogenase (GLD)의 활성 및 비타민C 함량은 저해되지 않았다. 따라서 비타민C의 생합성은 chloroplast RNA의 작용과는 직접적인 관련은 없고 cytoplasm과 밀접한 관련이 있다고 생각되었다. $IAA\;10^{-6}M$ 처리에 의하여 GLD 활성은 대조구의 1.8배로 촉진되었다. IAA $10^{-6}M$은 chloroplast와 cytoplasm RNA와 단백질의 생합성을 크게 촉진하였으며 cytoplasm에서 더욱 활발하였다. 따라서 IAA는 cytoplasm RNA를 조절하므로 여기서 지배되는 GLD의 생합성을 촉진시킨 결과 비타민C의 생합성이 증가된 것으로 생각되었다. 산화적 인산화 반응의 짝풀림 물질이 2,4+dinitrophenol 처리로 비타민C의 생합성은 저해되지 않았으나, 해당 저해제인 monoiodoacetate와 NaF 및 TCA 회로 저해제인 $NaN_3$와 KCN은 다같이 콩나물의 생장과 비타민C의 생합성을 크게 저해하였다

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2000

아프리카 왕달팽이 (Achatina fulica) 및 산민달팽이(Incilaria fruhstorferi)의 타액을 분비하는 관들을 전자현미경을 통해 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Achatina fulica의 소엽내관과 소엽간관은 대부분 원형또는 타원형의 도우넛(dough-nut)형태로서 관을 구성하는 내강세포는 세포의 경계가 불분명하며 세포질은 손가락 마주끼기와 같은 많은 주름들로 구성되어 있었다. 이들의 세포상단에는 미세융모가 잘 발달해 있었다. 반면 Incilaria fruhstorfer의 소엽내관과 소엽간관은 불규칙한 단층원주상피로 구성되어 있고, 전자밀도가 높은 세포질 속에는 다소 불규칙한 구형의 과립들로 가득차 있었다. 세포의 상단에는 미세융모의 발달이 미진하였다. Achatina fulica의 타액관은 내강이 비교적 좁은 긴 관상구조를 하고 있었다. 내강상피세포들은 세포의 경계가 불분명하고, 세포질 속에는 많은 공포와 전자밀도가 낮은 투명과립들로 가득 차 있었고 이들 상피세포의 상단에는 길이가 짧고 가늘은 미세융모가 발달해 있었다. 반면 Incilaria fruhstorfer의 타액관은 Achatiana fulica의 타액관 보다 그 직경이 $65\times250{\mu}m$정도로 더 넓었으며 같은 구조의 내강상피로 구성되어 있었고 상피세포의 상단에는 치밀반과 같은 연접장치가 자주 관찰되는 특징도 보였다. Achatina fulica와 Incilaria fruhstorferi 타액선내 혈관들은 타액선 세포사이에 있는 결합조직에서 주로 관찰되었으며 내피세포들은 대부분 불규칙한 구조이고 전자밀도는 높아서 어둡게 관찰되었다. 이들은 사상족을 내어 포식현상을 보였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.603-613
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• 1998

The present study was designed in order to observe relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex during spermiogenesis of the long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus). The testes were obtained from adult bats and treated with the prolonged osmification or fixed with ferrocyanide reduced osmiun. In the Golgi phase, The Golgi complex shows an oval shape, and was composed of a cortex and a medullar enclosing acrosome. The Golgi vacuoles with electron-dense granules of crescent shape were fused with each other. The smooth endoplasrnic reticulum was scattered in all the area of the cytoplasm. In the cap phase, The Golgi complex was crescent in shape, and faced to a nucleus. Large and small vesicles were fused with each other, and then fused with a acrosomal vacuole. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was close to the large Golgi vacuole. In the acrosome phase, The Golgi complex was moved to behind of the acrosome face. Small vesicles were fused with an acrosome, and cisternae of the trans-face of Golgi complex was connected with an acrosome in the early acrosome phase. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum was distributed in the cytoplasm. The annulate lamellar was originated from a radial body-annulate lammellae complex. In the maturation phase, The Golgi complex with dilated cistrern appeared in the cytoplasm, and also, annulate lamellar was observed in the cytoplasm. The connection of the annulate lamellar with the cistern of radial body suggests that an annulate lamellar seems to be closely related to radial body. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum was scattered in the cytoplasm in the early Golgi phase, but annulate lamellar-radial body complex which might be a residual and disappearing form of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the acrosome phase. The Golgi complex steadily remained in the late maturation phase when the endoplasmic reticulum began to disappear from the cytoplasm: the Golgi complex was still occurred after acrosome formation. The observations obtained in the present study, which was characterized by the presence of the Golgi complex in the late maturation phase, suggests that the Golgi complex may play an important role also even after the acrosome formation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 2009

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ribosomal protein L7, one of the ~46 ribosomal proteins of the 60S subunit, is encoded by paralogous RPL7A and RPL7B genes. The amino acid sequence identity between RPl7a and RPl7b is 97 percent; they differ by only 5 amino acid residues. Interestingly, despite the high sequence homology, Rpl7b is detected in both the cytoplasm and the nucleolus, whereas Rpl7a is detected exclusively in the cytoplasm. A site-directed mutagenesis experiment revealed that the change in the amino acid sequence of Rpl7b does not influence its subcellular localization. In addition, introns of RPL7A and RPL7B did not affect the subcellular localization of Rpl7a and Rpl7b. Remarkably, Rpl7b was detected exclusively in the cytoplasm in rpl7a knockout mutant, and overexpression of Rpl7a resulted in its accumulation in the nucleolus, indicating that the subcellular localization of Rpl7a and Rpl7b is influenced by the intracellular level of Rpl7a. Rpl7b showed a wide range of localization patterns, from exclusively cytoplasmic to exclusively nucleolar, in knockout mutants for some rRNA-processing factors, nuclear pore proteins, and large ribosomal subunit assembly factors. Rpl7a, however, was detected exclusively in the cytoplasm in these mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that although Rpl7a and Rpl7b are paralogous and functionally replaceable with each other, their precise physiological roles may not be identical.