• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

CYP1B1 enzyme metabolize PAHs and estradiol. CYP1B1 metabolize estradiol to 4-hydroxyestradiol that is considered as carcinogenic metabolite. Luciferase activity was induced about 20 folds over that control by 1 nM TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrchlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and these inductions were dose-dependent. Recent industrialized society, human hasbeen widely been exposed to widespread environmental contaminants such as PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) that are originated from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. PAHs are known to be ligands of the AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). Induction of cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1) in cell culture is widely used as a biomarket for PAHs. Therefore we have studied the effect of PAHs in the human breast cancer cells MCF-7 to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. Cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1) is known to be inducible by xenobiotic compounda such as policyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and dioxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). And these induction of CYP1B1 is also regulated by many categories of chemicals. In order to investigate the effects of several chemicals on CYP1B1 gene expression in luciferase gene, and then transfected into these cells. After treatment of chemicals, the luciferase activity was measured. We examined effects of PAHs on the CYP1B1-lucifrease reporter gene and CYP1B1 mRNA level. Benzo(k)fluoranthene showed strong response to CYP1B1 promoter activity stimulation, and also CYP1B1 mRNAs increase in MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. flvonoids such as genistein decreased B(k)F induced luciferase activity at low concentration. it exhibited stimulatory effect at high concentration.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 2003

Cytochrome $b_{5}$($b_{5}$) can be found in a variety of tissues and plays a role in the electron transfer pathways. Several retropseudogenes (numbered as I, II, II, IV, V) have been identified and well investigated for their structures. However, retropseudogene I is not clear in terms of its location on the chromosome. In addition the structure and the exression of retropseudogene V have not been confirmed. To examine the structure of bs retropseudogenes V and to see whether it is expressed in human blood we applied recombinant DNA technologies including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Retropseudogene V turned out to contain open reading frame (ORF) within its structure, however, no evidence of its expression was detected. Retropseudogene I was also found on the chromosome V. This study should contribute to the understanding of the structure of bs gene family.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.408-414
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• 2012

To reexamine taxonomic status of endemic Mogera wogura coreana from Korea, we first obtained partial 12S rRNA sequences (893 bp) and complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1140 bp) of this subspecies, and these sequences and partial cytochrome b sequences (402 bp) were compared to the corresponding haplotypes of M. wogura from East Asia, obtained from GenBank. The one of three 12S rRNA haplotypes in M. w. coreana was identical to one 12S rRNA haplotype of M. w. robusta from East Asia: 10 complete and 13 partial cytochrome b haplotypes of M. w. coreana formed a single clade with one complete and four partial cytochrome b haplotypes of M. w. robusta, respectively. We considered that M. w. coreana from Korea is an endemic subspecies with only morphological differences, although it is necessary to reexamine the subspecies status of M. w. coreana. Additionally, in the 12S rRNA and complete cytochrome b sequences, M. wogura from Japan was distinct from the two continental subspecies of M. w. coreana and M. w. robusta with average distances of 1.76 and 5.65%, respectively; insular M. wogura, with within-group distances of 2.09 and 4.38%, respectively, was also genetically more divergent than the mainland M. wogura, with within-group distances of 0.08 and 0.57%, respectively. Thus, we considered that insular M. wogura of Japan dispersed into neighboring East Asian continent, which is opposite to the traditional hypothesis on the origin of Japanese M. wogura.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.356-365
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• 2004

In analyzing the region of the Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 chromosome responsible for the biosynthesis of the ansamycin antibiotic rifamycin, we identified a gene, designated orj0, which is located immediately upstream of the rifamycin polyketide synthase (PKS). Orj0 encodes a protein, on the basis of sequence-comparative analysis, that is similar to several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from different sources. The rifamycin producer, A. mediterranei, predominantly produces rifamycin B from its macrocyclic intermediate, proansamycin X, through dehydrogenation and hydroxylation steps. However, an A. mediterranei strain, deleted in orj0 by gene replacement, no longer produced rifamycin B. Furthermore, a versatile replicative vector in A. mediterranei was constructed and rifamycin B production was restored in a complementation experiment of orj0 using this novel vector. These consecutive results verified that the arf0 protein, which is a P450 hydroxylase, is required for the production of rifamycin B in A. mediterranei.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

MtDNA cyt b gene was used to investigate the geographic variation of 11 populations (106 individuals) of the planktonic developing, periwinkle Littorina brevicula, throughout Eastern, Western, and Southern coastal regions in Korea. The sequence of 500 base pairs and 13 different haplotypes were determined. Haplotype LbA was predominated through the populations studied with frequence of 0.877. Haplotypes were shown different frequencies in each coastal region (0.82, 0.90, and 1.00, respectively). enetic analysis of the 61 individuals of L. brevicula from the polluted and unpolluted sites yielded 8 distinct haplotypes. Haplotype LbA also was most common, and it was shared by 0.872 of frequency among specimens.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Phylogenetic relationships and DNA polymorphism among local populations of two Korean gobiidae species: Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos gigas were investigated based on 12S and 16S mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences. DNA polymorphisms of B. pectinirostris between Suncheon and Gunsan populations were 100% identity from 434 bp segment of 12S rRNA gene and from 444 bp segment of mitochondrial cytochrome b genes, and 99.6% (2 bp different) identity from 484 bp segments of 16S rRNA genes. These results indicated the long period of geographic isolation between two populations of B. pectinirostris in Korea caused such high degrees of DNA polymorphisms. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed from the two gobiid species in Korea, two genetically distinct groups of B. pectinirostris and S. gigas groups were recognized.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1999

Nucleotide sequences of a 501 base-pair (bp) fragment in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene were analyzed for 12 populations of Rana rugosa from Korea and Japan using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct silver sequencing. Two genetically distinct groups (type-A and type-B) were found in Korea. Type-A was found throughout most of South Korea and type-B was restricted to the mid-southeastern regions (Samchok, Yongdok, Chongsong and Pohang). But in the Tonghae population, both types were found. The level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence differences ranged from 0% to .0.8% among six populations of type-A, and 0 to 1.0% among 4 populations of type-B. However, sequence differences between type-A and type-B ranged from 5.4% to 6.6%, Using Kimura's two-parameter distance, the level of genetic sequence divergence between type-A and type-B was 6.7%. The Japanese R. rugosa was clustered very far from the Korean R. rugosa with 14.7%. In the neighbor-joining and UPGMA tree, all Korean samples were grouped, but subdivided into two types in 99% of the bootstrap iteration.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2000

Partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was analyzed to investigate genetic variation from 10 geographic populations of Granulilittorina exigua in Korea. The sequence of 282 base pairs was determined by PCR-directed silver sequencing method. The sequences of two species within the genus Littorina reserved in NIH blast search were utilized to determine geographic variations of species referred. The levels of mtDNA sequence differences were 0.00-2.54% within populations and 0.71-4.43% between populations. There were four amino acid differences between representative species of the genera Granulilittorina and Littorina, but no differences within populations of the genus Granulilittorina. The UPGMA and the N-J trees based on Tamura-Nei genetic distance matrix were constructed, which showed that the genus Granulilittorina was divided into three groups such as eastern (even exception for Tokdo population), southern, and western regional populations. The degrees of genetic divergence within populations of each group were p=0.021, p=0.019, and p=0.018, respectively. The divergence between the eastern and southern populations was p=0.032, showing closer relationship than with the western populations (p=0.052). Based on the diverged time estimation, the eastern and southern populations of Granulilittorina exigua in Korea diverged from the western populations about 2.1 MYBP, and the eastern and southern populations diverged from each other about 1.3 MYBP.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

To add genetic information to the conservation efforts on grey coral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Korea, we investigated the pattern of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (606 bp) of six specimens from two localities in Korea. The corresponding sequences of N. caudatus in China obtained from GenBank were also used. The nucleotide Tamura-Nei distances between each of four haplotypes of N. caudatus in Korea and the haplotype of N. caudatus in China varied from 0.0650 to 0.0803: N. caudatus revealed high level of sequence diversity in Bovidae. In N. caudatus in Korea, the distances among three haplotypes at Yanggu were 0.0151 to 0.0185, and it suggests that the genetic diversity of Yanggu population was decreased in low level. Moreover, the distances between each of three haplotypes at Yanggu and one haplotype at Samcheok were 0.0343 to 0.0489. It indicates that habitat isolation caused the continuous increase of genetic distance with geographic distance in N. caudatus, and various conservation plans for mitigating the loss of genetic diversity in Korea have to be in immediate action. To clarify the taxonomic status of N. caudatus, the sequence (276 bp) of N. goral available from GenBank were also utilized, and n goral was not distinct from N. caudatus. It suggests that they may be conspecific, but further analyses with additional specimens of two species are necessary.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) sequence analysis has been a useful tool for species identification of animals and human individuals. Two hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) in control region of mitochondrial genome were analyzed for human individual identification. In case of animal species identification, several genes on mt DNA such as cytochrome b (cytb), RNAs, cytochrome oxidases (CO) were used. In this study, co-amplification of HV1 and cytb was carried out in order to check the contamination of animal DNA and to verify the human DNA. The primer sets used in PCR were H15997/L16236 for HV1 and H14724/L15149 for cytb. PCR products for HV1 and cytb were 239 bp and 425 bp, respectively. The appearance of two bands on agarose gel implied the DNA came from human, however the single band of cytb gene represented the non-human animal DNA.