• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2010

Early nematode development and subcellular responses in resistant soybean lines PI 88788 and PI 437654 infected with races 3 (R3) and 14 (R14) of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, were compared. SCN R14 nematodes penetrated and developed significantly more than R3 at 5-6 days after inoculation. Both races also penetrated and developed more in PI 88788 than in PI 437654. Syncytia, characterized by cell wall dissolution and cellular hypertrophy, were developed more in PI 88788 than in PI 437654 and more by R14 than R3, for which less necrotic responses occurred in the former than the latter. This suggests that the latter two may be more resistant and less virulent than the former two, respectively. A common structural feature found in each of PI 437654 and PI 88788 in relation to SCN-resistance was the formation of prominent cell wall appositions and nuclear degeneration prior to cytoplasmic degradation in syncytial cells, respectively. Necrosis and cell wall apposition are types of hypersensitive responses occurring at early stages of the nematode infection so that these structural modifications indicate the inhibition of initial syncytial development related to the early nematode development. As soybean cultivars and lines with identical or similar genotypes have the same types of structural features related to SCN-resistance, the structural modifications induced by SCN infection may result from the expression of inheritable resistance genes, of which the information can be used for breeding soybean cultivars and lines specifically resistant to SCN races.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

A scanning electron microscopic study on the glochidial encystment and excystment during the development of Anodonta arcaeformis flavotincta on Carassius auratus, a common natural host fish, was carried out. The glochidia were attached to the fins, buccal cavity and gills of the host fish within 30 minutes. In this study, the fins of host fish infected with the glochidia were examined in a time series. The attachment rates of the glochidia on the pectoral fins, caudal fin and pelvic fins of the host fish were 30%, 22%, and 17%, respectively. The glochidia which attached to the fish became encysted within 27 hrs. The process of encystment progressed slowly. Ti took 24 to 27 hours in the formation of the primary cyst, and after 5 to 6 days, the larvae was covered completely with the epithelial cels of the host tissues. The process of detachment of juvenile clam was observed on the 8th day after host infection. Most of the juvenile clams have sloughed from the cyst of the host within 15 days. No significant size difference was observed in the glochidia and the juvenile which were found before attachment and after detachment from the cyst of the host fish.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

Fusion is an abnormality of tooth development defined as the union of two developing dental germs, resulting in a single large dental structure. This irregular tooth morphology is associated with a high predisposition to dental caries and periodontal diseases. As a result of recurring inflammatory periodontal processes, disorders such as periodontal pocket, pericoronitis, and paradental cysts may develop. A rare mandibular anatomic variation is the retromolar canal, which is very significant for surgical procedures. The fusion of a paramolar and mandibular third molar associated with a paradental cyst co-occurring with the presence of a retromolar canal is rare, and the aim of the present study is to describe the evaluation of this anatomical configuration using cone-beam computed tomography.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.468-474
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• 1990

Eight species, 6 Dinophyceae and 2 Raphidophyceae, caused a bloom in the southeastern coastal waters mainly in Chinhae Bay in Korea from March to September since 1982. Scrippsiella trochoidea and Heterocapsa triquetra bloomed in March then ensued a vernal species Heterosigma akashiwo. And Cochlodinium sp. and Alexandrium affine were occurred as causative organism in fall next to the estival dinoflagellates Gyrodinium instriatum and Pheopolykrikos hartmannii. Among them, spatio-temporal similarity of outbreak was significant in Heterosigma akashiwo since 1983, and a bit apparent for Cochlodinium sp.. The density was in the level from $10^3\;to\;10^5\;cells/ml$ and was dependent on the cell size rather than environmental characteristics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the eruption patterns of mandibular premolars associated with dentigerous cysts after marsupialization regarding the depth, angulation and root development of impacted teeth. Spontaneous eruption was found in 93% of mandibular premolars after marsupialization. Eruption speed and rate of angulation change were greater in mandibular premolars associated with a cyst than those on the non-cyst side. The group with less matured roots tended to have greater eruption speed and angulation change. The eruption speed and angulation change declined rapidly during the first 6 months after marsupialization. Based on the results of this study, it might be possible to predict the eruption pattern of mandibular premolars associated with a cyst after marsupialization, which would be useful for treatment planning.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 1999

To establish the differential diagnosis and treatment method in bovine ovarian cysts, specially ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, serum progesterone (P$_4$) concentration and ultrasonography for measuring the cystic wall thickness and diameter of cyst and corpus luteum were investigated from slaughtered cows with ovarian cysts. Ovarian cysts were classified 8 types by the number of cyst, cystic wall thickness and present of corpus luteum. Ovarian cysts with corpus luteum were 11 (13.6%) of 81 cows and ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were 70 (86.4%) cows. The incidence rates of 8 various types of ovarian cysts were as follows; 2Ba 33.3%, 2Aa 25.9% and 2Bb 14.8%, respectively. The incidence rates of ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were follicular cyst 59.2% and luteal cyst 27.2%. The cystic wall thickness were 2Ab 3.7 mm and 2Bb 3.5 mm, and the serum P4 concentrations were above 2.0 ng/ml in 1Aa, 1Ab, 1Ba, 2Ab and 2Bb, respectively. In ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, the correlation coefficients between corpus luteum area and serum P$_4$ concentration were 0.45. In ovarian cysts without corpus luteum, there was significantly positive correlations between cystic wall thickness and serum P$_4$ concentration ($r^2$= 0.54, p＜0.01). These results indicate that PGF$_2$$\alpha$ analogues can be choice for treatment of ovarian cysts with corpus luteum and above 3 mm the cystic wall thickness because serum P$_4$ concentrations were above 2.0 ng/ml in ovarian cysts with corpus luteum and thickened cystic wall. In conclusion, it is suggest that ultrasonography is useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis and selection of treatment remedy in cystic ovaries of bovine.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 1991

A scanning electron microscopic stuey on the glochidial encystment study on the golchidal encystment and excystment of Anodonta fukudai on Acheilognathus yamatsutae, a common natural hostfish, was conducted. The glochidium easily attached to the unscaled surfaces of the host fish such as the fins, lips, and the wall of the buccal cavity. For this study, the fins infected with the glochidia wer mainly observed in a series. The process of encystment was slowly progressed, for 21-25 hours for the early cyst and for 2-4 days for the thick walled cyst. The process of excystmint was visually detected on the 12th day since the attachmint was occurred. The first visible sign was a little tear of the cyst wall covering the hinge and marginal zones of the juvenile clam and once the little sign was appeared the progress of emerging and dettachmint of the juvenile clam from the host was finished relatively in short time. During the process of the encystmint, the cells participationg in covering the attached glochidirm were seened mainly supplied by migration from the surroundings. the shapes of the cells migrating and covering the glochidium were considerably changed and the surface structures of the cells lost their normal pattern of the surface ridges. The unstable forms of the cells were observed almost all throughout the period of the glochidial attachment. No cells of the host epithelium, which were still attached to the juvenile clam energing from the cyst, were observed. The most juvenile clams escaped from the cysts were a little bigger than the glochidia and they were still possessed of the golchidial hooks even though much degenerated. The first growth line was appeared on the shell valves of the juvenild clam when observed right after dettachment.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2011

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) are the most common type of congenital developmental anomaly encountered in the anterior midline of the neck in childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of TGDC and identify any factors that could be related to recurrence after surgery. This study consisted of a retrospective chart review of 45 patients treated at Kyungpook National University Hospital for TGDC between 1990 and 2008. All records were reviewed for age and sex, length of history, presentation, diagnostic methods, sizes and locations of cyst, surgical management, histopathology of the lesion and recurrences. The statistical analysis of risk factors for recurrence was made using the Fisher's exact test with a significance level of p (0.05. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1 with a male preponderance. The mean age at operation was 5 years and 2 months (4 months - 17 years). The most common presenting symptom was a nontender cervical mass (78 %). Most TGDC were found in the midline position. Twenty four were infrahyold, 17 were hyoid, and 4 were suprahyoid level. Forty one (91 %) patients received the Sistrunk operation, and 4(9 %) patients received Cyst excision. Postoperative a seroma developed in six patients in the early postoperative days. There were a total of 3(6.6 %) recurrences, 2 in patients who had excision only and in one patient who had the Sistrunk operation. Univariate analysis for risk factors with recurrence showed that there was no statistical relationship between the presence of preoperative infection and the development of recurrence. The removal of hyoid bone along with TGDC was a statistically significant risk factor for recurrent disease. This study suggests that the Sistrunk operation Is the treatment of choice for TGDC in order to reduce recurrence.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 1995

Periapical lesions develop as a result of immunopathologic response to irritants from infected root canal systems. Removal of these irritants from the root canal system and sealing the root canal space may induce he31ing of the periapical lesions. 83 periapical lesions diagnosed as periapical abscess, periapical granuloma, chronic nonspecific inflammation, fibrosis and periapical Cyst were evaluated for the distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells. The influence of the state of root canal treatment on the distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells has evaluated. All lesions were divided into a group with no treatment, a group with canal enlargement, a group filled with gutta percha, and a group filled with Vitapex(calcium hydroxide). The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells according to the presence of pain and fistula was also evaluated. The following results were obtained. 1. Statistically significant difference in the distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells among periapical abscess, periapical granuloma, chronic nonspecific inflammation/fibrosis and periapical cyst were found.(Kruskal-Wallis analysis, P<0.05) The number of immunoglobulin-containing cells in fibrosis was remarkably lower than that of periapical abscess, granuloma and cyst. 2. IgM and IgA containing cells were predominantly observed in periapical abscesses and periapical cysts, respectively. 3. All periapical lesions showed a large number of IgG containing cells followed by IgM, IgA and IgE containing cells. 4. There was a decrease in all Ig-containing cells in the group with canal filling compared to groups without treatment or with enlargement. That is, there is a decrease in Ig-containing cells as treatment progresses. 5. No significant correlation existed between the presence of pain and fistula and the distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells in periapical lesions.(t-test) Results appear to support that immune response are actively involved in the development and progress in periapical lesions. The fact that distribution of immunoglobulins differ according to the state of endodontic treatment suggests that root canal treatment may alter the humoral immune response of the periapical lesions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2024

Purpose: Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies that occur as localized cystic or fusiform dilatations of the biliary tree. Reflux and stasis of pancreatic enzymes in the biliary duct may relate to the development of intestinal metaplasia which might be an important factor related to the carcinogenesis of choledochal cyst, thus the expression of beta-catenin in the metaplastic epithelium might be associated with malignant transformation of choledochal cyst epithelium. Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric center between October 2014 and March 2017. Forty patients were evaluated for epithelial lining, mural ulceration, fibrosis, inflammation, and metaplasia. Results: Out of 40, 12 cases (30.0%) were the infantile age group and 28 cases (70.0%) were in the classic pediatric group. Ulceration was classified as grade 0 (14 cases, 35.0%), grade 1 (17 cases, 42.5%), or grade 2 (nine cases, 22.5%). Inflammation was classified as grade 0 (2 cases, 5.0%), grade 1 (26 cases, 65.0%), or grade 2 (12 cases, 30.0%). Fibrosis was classified as grade 0 (five cases, 12.5%), grade 1 (11 cases, 27.5%), grade 2 (17 cases, 42.5%), or grade 3 (seven cases, 17.5%). Metaplasia was noted in five (12.5%) out of 40 cases. All choledochal cysts with metaplasia showed beta-catenin nuclear positivity on immunohistochemistry and were followed up. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of detailed histopathological examination and documentation of metaplastic changes. Metaplasia was associated with beta-catenin nuclear positivity. These findings suggest a potential role for beta-catenin as a marker of metaplastic changes in choledochal cysts.