• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2012

Novel type $Li_{1.1}V_{0.9-2x}W_xMo_xO_2$ powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction of $Li_2CO_3$, $V_2O_3$, $WO_2$ and $MoO_2$ precursors in a nitrogen atmosphere containing 10 mol % hydrogen gas, and assessed as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. The specific charge and discharge capacities of the $Li_{1.1}V_{0.9-2x}W_xMo_xO_2$ anodes were higher than those of the bare $Li_{1.1}V_{0.9}O_2$ anode. The cyclic efficiency of these anodes was approximately 73.3% at the first cycle, regardless of the presence of W and Mo doping. The composite anode, which was composed of $Li_{1.1}V_{0.75}W_{0.075}Mo_{0.075}O_2$ (20 wt %) and natural graphite (80 wt %), demonstrated reasonable specific capacity, high cyclic efficiency, and good cycling performance, even at high rates without capacity fading.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 GaN HEMT 소자를 이용한 X-대역 반도체 전력 증폭 장치(SSPA)의 설계 및 제작에 대하여 논의한다. 반도체 전력 증폭 장치는 안정적인 전원을 공급해 주는 전원공급기, 통신과 내부 모듈을 제어하기 위한 제어부, RF 신호를 증폭하기 위한 RF부로 구성된다. 특히, RF부를 구성하는 능동 소자로 TriQuint사의 GaN HEMT Bare 소자를 이용하였다. RF부는 초단, 드라이브 단, 메인 출력 단으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 앰프는 입 출력 정합을 통하여 구현하였다. 제작된 반도체 전력 증폭 장치는 X-대역(500 MHz 대역폭)에서 duty 26 %, 최장 펄스 100 us 조건에서 300 W 이상의 출력을 얻을 수 있었으며, 향후 선박용 레이더 시스템에 적용할 예정이다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2000

$Li_{0.44}MnO_2$양극재료는 리튬의 삽입과정에서 높은 가역성을 가지며 과충전이나 과방전 과정에서 쉽게 손상되지 않는다. $Mn_2O_3$가 불순물로 자주 나타나며 전기화학적으로 비활성이기 때문에 전극의 전기화학적 용량을 감소시킨다. 잉여의 NaOH 첨가는 $Mn_2O_3$를 X선 회절에 검출되지 않는 정도로 낮추었다. 용량 증가는 큰 단위세포를 가지는 양극재료에서 얻어질 수 있으므로, 망간의 일부를 이온반경이 큰 티타니움으로 치환하였으며, $Li_{0.44}T_{iy}Mn_{1-y}O_2$(여기서 y = 0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 0.44, 0.55) 조성의 분말들을 합성하여 특성을 평가하였다. ECPS 실험결과 $Li/P(EO)_8$LiTFSI/$LixTi_{0.22}Mn_{0.78}O_2$전지에서 150 mAh/g 최대가역용량 값이 얻어졌다. 티타니움이 치환된 망간산화물을 사용한 전지는 충방전당 0.12 %나 그 이하의 용량감소율을 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2603-2607
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• 2009

$LiNi_{0.5-x}Co_{2x}Mn_{0.5-x}O_{2}$ (x = 0, 0.1, 1/6, 1.2, 0.3) were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement. $LiNi_{0.5-x}Co_{2x}Mn_{0.5-x}O_{2}$ samples give single phases of hexagonal layered structures with a space group of R-3m for x = 0.1, 1/6, 0.2, and 0.3. The lattice constants of a and c-axis were decreased with the increase in Co contents in samples. The thickness of MO2 slab was decreased and inter-slab distance was increased with the increase in Co contents in $LiNi_{0.5-x}Co_{2x}Mn_{0.5-x}O_{2}$. According to XPS analysis, the valence states of Mn, Co, and Ni in the sample are mainly +4, +3, and +3, respectively. The discharge capacity of 202 mAh/g at 0.1C-rate in the potential range of 4.7 - 3.0 V was obtained in $LiNi_{0.3}Co_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ sample, and $LiNi_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.4}O_2$ gives excellent cycle performance in the same potential range.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2013

Fluorine-doping on the $Li_{1+x}Mn_{1.9-x}Al_{0.1}O_4$ spinel cathode materials is found to alter crystal shape, and enhance initial interfacial reactivity and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, leading to improved initial coulombic efficiency in the voltage region of 3.3-4.3 V vs. Li/$Li^+$ in the room temperature electrolyte of 1 M $LiPF_6$/EC:EMC. SEM imaging reveals that the facetting on higher surface energy plane of (101) is additionally developed at the edges of an octahedron that is predominantly grown with the most thermodynamically stable (111) plane, which enhances interfacial reactivity. Fluorine-doping also increases the amount of interfacially reactive $Mn^{3+}$ on both bulk and surface for charge neutrality. Enhanced interfacial reactivity by fluorine-doping attributes instant formation of a stable SEI layer and improved initial cyclic efficiency. The data contribute to a basic understanding of the impacts of composition on material properties and cycling behavior of spinel-based cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Root-feeding Scarabaeidae, particularly white grubs are considered among the most harmful coleopteran insect pests in turfgrass. In this work, sixteen entomopathogenic fungal species were assayed against flower chafer beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-314 showed high virulence. The control ability of the isolate JEF-314 has been in detail tested for a model insect flower chafer beetle. Further analyses showed insect stage-dependent virulence where the fungal virulence was the highest against smaller instar larvae. Additionally, we confirmed that millet-based solid cultured granule was effective against the soil-dwelling larval stage. The isolate also showed a similar ability for a representative pest (Popillia spp.) in laboratory conditions. Our results clearly suggest a high potential of M. anisopliae JEF-314 to control the flower chafer beetle, possibly resulting in controlling of root-feeding white grubs in turfgrass. Based on the insect life cycle and susceptibility to the fungus, late spring and summer time would be the optimum time to apply JEF-314 granules for an effective control. Further characterization of the efficacy of the fungus under field conditions against the Scarabaeidae beetles might provide an efficient tool to control this beetle in an environment-friendly way.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2012

폴리비닐알콜, 규소텅스텐산, 인산 및 수용액으로 구성된 $80{\mu}m$의 두께의 고분자겔 전해질 필름을 제조하여 활성탄소계 전기이중층 케페시터를 제조하였다. 제조한 고분자겔 전해질 필름은 상온에서 $10^{-2}S\;cm^{-1}$의 높은 이온전도도를 나타내었으며, 본 전해질 필름을 적용한 활성탄소계 전기이중층 케패시터는 100 mV/s에서 $58F\;g^{-1}$의 높은 캐패시턴스 특성과 우수한 수명특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.712-717
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• 2002

New wet chemical method so called precipitation-evaporation method was suggested for preparing spinel structure lithium manganese oxide ($LiMn_2$$O_4$) for Li ion secondary battery. Using precipitation-evaporation method, $LiMn_2$$O_4$ cathode materials suitable for Li ion secondary batteries can be synthesized. Single spinel phase $LiMn_2$$O_4$ powder was synthesized at lower temperature compared to that of prepared by solid-state method. $LiMn_2$$O_4$ powder prepared by precipitation-evaporation method showed uniform, small size and well defined crystallinity particles. Li ion secondary battery using $LiMn_2$$O_4$ as cathode materials prepared by precipitation-evaporation method and calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ showed discharge capacity of 106.03mAh/g and discharge capacity of 95.60mAh/g at 10th cycle. Although Li ion secondary battery showed somewhat smaller initial capacity but good cyclic ability. It is suggested that electro-chemical properties can be improved by controlling particle characteristics by particle morphology modification during calcination and optimizing Li ion secondary battery assembly conditions.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 콘크리트전주가 수직 및 80[$^{\circ}$] 경사 건주된 경우에 대한 강도시험을 통하여 보통지선이 없는 수평 지선의 시설 가능범위를 파악하기 위한 콘크리트전주의 강도특성시험을 수행하였다. 수직으로 건주된 전주에 대한 1주기 강도시험 결과 일반용, 중하중용, 고강도용 콘크리트전주의 안전율은 각기 2.8, 2.5, 2.1로서 모든 전주가 안전율 2.0이상은 확보하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 수직으로 건주된 전주 상부의 휨 정도가 2[$^{\circ}$] 이상일 때 전주에 균열이 발생하며, 이 때에 작용하는 하중은 천주의 설계하중과 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 현장에 시설된 전주가 견고한 지반에 2[$^{\circ}$]이상 휘어져 있는 전주라면 설계하중에 근접한 하중이 상시 작용하고 있는 상태이기 때문에 지선 및 지주 등을 시설하여 보강이 반드시 필요함을 알았다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2011

The radiological characteristics for waste classification were assessed for neutron-activated decommissioning wastes from a CANDU reactor. The MCNP/ORIGEN2 code system was used for the source term analysis. The neutron flux and activation cross-section library for each structural component generated by MCNP simulation were used in the radionuclide buildup calculation in ORIGEN2. The specific activities of the relevant radionuclides in the activated metal waste were compared with the specified limits of the specific activities listed in the Korean standard and 10 CFR 61. The time-average full-core model of Wolsong Unit 1 was used as the neutron source for activation of in-core and ex-core structural components. The approximated levels of the neutron flux and cross-section, irradiated fuel composition, and a geometry simplification revealing good reliability in a previous study were used in the source term calculation as well. The results revealed the radioactivity, decay heat, hazard index, mass, and solid volume for the activated decommissioning waste to be $1.04{\times}10^{16}$ Bq, $2.09{\times}10^3$ W, $5.31{\times}10^{14}\;m^3$-water, $4.69{\times}10^5$ kg, and $7.38{\times}10^1\;m^3$, respectively. According to both Korean and US standards, the activated waste of the pressure tubes, calandria tubes, reactivity devices, and reactivity device supporters was greater than Class C, which should be disposed of in a deep geological disposal repository, whereas the side structural components were classified as low- and intermediate-level waste, which can be disposed of in a land disposal repository. Finally, this study confirmed that, regardless of the cooling time of the waste, 15% of the decommissioning waste cannot be disposed of in a land disposal repository. It is expected that the source terms and waste classification evaluated through this study can be widely used to establish a decommissioning/disposal strategy and fuel cycle analysis for CANDU reactors.