• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.290-300
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• 2011

Objectives: There is limited data regarding the toxicity of methylcyclohexane, despite its wide use in rubber adhesives, paint diluents, and cleansing agents. This study aimed to verify the toxicity and influence on the reproductive system of methylcyclohexane after its repeated injection in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Methylcyclohexane was injected subcutaneously into male and female SD rats once a day, five times a week, for 13 weeks at different doses (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) for each group. The toxicity of testing material was verified by observing the change in body and organ weight, hematological change, pathological findings, and effect on the reproductive system at each different concentration. Results: In the 1,000 mg/kg/day group, there were cases of animal deaths. In animals that survived, hematological changes, including a decrease in the red blood cell count, were observed. A considerable weight gain or loss and pathological abnormalities in the liver, kidney, and other organs were found. However, the 10 and 100 mg/kg/day groups did not cause deaths or other specific abnormalities. In terms of reproductive toxicity, there were changes in hormone levels, including a significant decrease in hormones such as estradiol and progesterone (p < 0.001) in male animals. Menstrual cycle change for female animals did not show concentration dependency. Conclusion: When injected repeatedly for 13 weeks, methylcyclohexane proved to be toxic for the liver, heart, and kidney at a high dose. The absolute toxic dose was 1,000 mg/kg/day, while the no observed adverse effect level was less than 100 mg/kg/day. The substance exerted little influence on the reproductive system.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.838-844
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 검출과 복호가 결합된 효율적인 비터비 알고리즘 (joint Viterbi detection and decoding (JVDD))의 저복잡도 하드웨어 설계 및 구현 결과를 제시한다. 길쌈부호화된 GMSK 신호가 BLE 5.0 표준으로 채택 되어있으므로 검출과 복호를 위해 두개의 비터비 프로세서가 필요하다. 그러나, 제안된 JVDD 알고리즘은 GMSK에 의해서 유발된 심볼간의 간섭정보(ISI : inter-symbol interference)가 반영된 가지 메트릭 (branch metric)을 사용하여 단지 하나의 비터비 만을 사용하여도 검출과 복호 수행이 가능하며, 성능 저하 없이 복잡도 감소가 가능하다. JVDD 알고리즘을 적용한 BLE 비터비 복호기의 하드웨어 구현을 위해 효율적인 구조 설계가 수행되었다. 제안된 구조는 1 클럭 사이클 동안 복호를 완료할 수 있기 때문에 저지연 및 저면적 구현이 가능하다. 제안된 비터비 복호기는 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 RTL 설계되었고, GF 55nm 공정을 활용하여 논리합성 및 구현되었다. 합성결과 12K 게이트 수를 포함하였으며 메모리 유닛 및 초기 지연시간은 MSE (modified state exchange) 대비 33% 감소 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2005

임베디드 시스템에서는 메모리와 에너지의 소비가 중요한 관심사 중 하나이다. 메모리와 에너지의 소비를 줄이기 위해 32비트의 ARM 프로세서는 16비트 Thumb 명령어 세트를 지원한다. 주어진 응용프로그램에 대해 Thumb 코드는 일반적으로 ARM 코드보다 코드 사이즈가 작지만, 실행속도는 느리다. 코드 사이즈가 작으면서도 실행속도가 느리지 않은 코드를 생성하기 위한 방법으로 Krishnaswarmy는 응용프로그램에 대한 프로파일 정보를 이용하여 모듈 수준에서 ARM과 Thumb 명령어 세트를 선택하는 알고리즘을 고안했다. 이 알고리즘은 작은 성능 손실로도 상당한 코드 사이즈 감소 효과를 갖지만, 명령어 세트가 모듈 수준에서 선택되기 때문에 Thumb 코드로 컴파일 하면 코드 사이즈를 줄일 수 있는 함수들도 ARM 코드로 컴파일 되어, 추가적인 코드 사이즈 감소의 기회를 잃게 되는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ARM과 Thumb 코드가 혼합된 코드 사이즈의 감소를 이끌어내기 위해 함수 수준에서 프로파일(Profile) 정보를 이용한 명령어 세트 선택 알고리즘을 제안했다. 우리는 성능에서의 페널티는 없이 2.7％의 코드 사이즈를 추가로 줄일 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2009

To confirm the antimicobial mechanism of Torilis japonica, antimicrobial profile was observed on various spore conditions by combining 0.1% (3 mM) torilin with antimicrobial activity and 0.27% water fraction with germinants. A 75% ethanol extract of T. japonica fruit reduced Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spore counts by 3 log cycles and reduced the vegetative cells to undetectable level (by about 6 log cycles) (both in terms of CFU/mL). Further fractionating the ethanol extract into n-hexane and water fractions revealed that the former reduced the spore count by 1 log cycle whereas the latter had no effect. The antimicrobial active compound was isolated and purified from the hexane layer, and identified as torilin ($C_{22}H_{32}O_5$). The water fraction of the ethanol layer did not show antimicrobial activity, whereas the antimicrobial effect of 0.1% (3 mM) torilin was significantly enhanced in the presence of the water fraction (0.27%). This result can be explained by synergistic effects of the water fraction containing considerable amounts of germinants such as L-alanine and K+ ions that triggered germination.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2012

Sex hormones have long been considered to play an important role in bone turnover rate, periodontal diseases, and wound healing. We have studied the effect of porcine testis steroid extract (PTSE), an extract of porcine testes, which holds a good ratio of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone), testosterone, androstenedione, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, and estrone, on the healing rate of a standardized full-thickness linear wound on the back of the rat. Skin punch or carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser methods were used to create the deep skin injury in two groups of animals. The animals were treated with the PTSE cream, control cream and Vaseline (control) to find out the effect in re-epithelialization, contraction, and formation of granulation and scar tissues. Histological examination after 21 days showed 100, 87.4, and 80.5% recovery of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, respectively in the PTSE-treated animals. Similarly, on the 15th day of treatment, complete healing of intact skin was observed in the PTSE cream-treated animals among the laser radiation group. Even though the beginning of re-epithelialization phase and completion of serum crust formation was also observed in the base cream- and Vaseline-treated animals respectively, the complete healing cycle was observed only in the PTSE-treated group. The white blood cell count in the PTSE-treated group showed that PTSE cream is nontoxic to animals.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2009

최근 경제적 시간적 이유로 전력기기의 운전 중 부분방전 감시진단 장치가 많이 이용되는 추세에 있으나, 시 공간적으로 다양한 종류의 잡음의 영향이 문제시되고 있다. 이에 여러가지 잡음제거 기법들이 개발되었으나 범용적이지 않고 설정이나 환경에 따라 성능이 상이하다. 본 논문에서는 부분방전 측정신호의 잡음포함 정도를 수치적으로 제시할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 이 기법이 적용되어 개발된 알고리즘을 이용하여, 다수 잡음제거 기법의 설정에 따른 다양한 결과 중 최선의 결과를 자동적으로 선택할 수 있었다. 운전 중 부분방전 감시진단 시스템에 사용되는 세 가지 잡음제거 기법에 적용하여 성공적으로 복합화 하였고, 국내 다양한 잡음 환경의 고전압 기기들로부터 실측한 데이터에 능동적으로 적응한 잡음제거 결과를 도출할 수 있었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제11A권5호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2004

이 논문에서는 내장형 소프트웨어의 성능 향상을 위하여 사용될 수 있는 레지스터 프로모션의 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 레지스터 프로모션은 프로그램 내의 메모리 접근 연산(memory access)을 레지스터 접근 연산(register access)으로 바꾸어서 프로그램의 성능 향상을 꾀하는 최적화 방법 중의 하나이다. 제안된 방법에서는 프로파일링(profiling)을 통하여 주어진 소스 코드 내에서의 메모리 접근 연산에 대한 트레이스(trace)를 얻는다. 그리고 각 함수의 수행 횟수에 대한 프로파일링 결과로부터 높은 동적 호출 횟수를 가지는 대상 함수를 선정하여 제안된 레지스터 프로모션 기법을 적용한다. 이와 같이 최적화의 대상이 되는 함수의 수를 줄임으로써 컴파일 시간을 줄일 수 있다. 최적화 대상 함수의 메모리 트레이스를 탐색하여 레지스터 접근 연산으로 변경될 경우 수행 사이클을 줄일 수 있는 메모리 접근 연산을 찾는다. 찾아진 메모리 접근 연산에 대해서는 컴파일러의 중간단계 코드를 수정하여 프로모션 레지스터를 할당한다. 이와 같은 과정을 거쳐 메모리 접근 연산이 프로모션 레지스터에 대한 접근 연산으로 대체되고 이로부터 성능향상을 얻을 수 있다. 제안된 레지스터 프로모션 기법을 ARM과 MCORE 프로세서용 컴파일러에 적용한 후 MediaBench와 DSPStone 벤치마크을 이용하여 실험한 결과 ARM과 MCORE 프로세서에 대하여 각각 평균 14%와 18%의 성능향상을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2005

Purpose : ${\beta}$-sitosterol is kind of phytosterols or plant which are structurally similar to cholesterol. This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the ${\beta}$-sitosterol on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of death cells treated with indicated time of the ${\beta}$-sitosterol and investigated cell death rate by cell count assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : 1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with the ${\beta}$-sitosterol $16{\mu}M$ was increased in a time dependent. 2) The result of flow cytometry analysis, subG1 phase arrest related cell apoptosis was investigated 16.97% in uterine leiomyoma cell treated with the ${\beta}$-sitosterol $16{\mu}M$ and showed the fashion of proportional time dependent. 3) The gene expression of p27, p21 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing time interval but cyclin E-CDK2 complex was decreased expression. 4) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed on the time dependent. 5) The expression of pro-caspase 3 and PARP were decreased dependent on treatment with time dependent. Conclusion : This study showed that the ${\beta}$-sitosterol have the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell and the effect was related with apoptosis.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2019

Objectives : Understanding the Ten Stems and Twelve Branches is necessary to grasp the laws of change in Heaven and Earth. Methods : Based on relevant contents in East Asian classics, the Yin Yang, Sibling Wuxing, Husband-Wife Wuxing combinations as well as Mutual Collision and Zangfu combination were examined. Results & Conclusion : Yin Yang combination of the Ten Stems are divided according to odd/evenness. The Sibling Wuxing combination is categorized according to one life cycle of vegetation, resulting in Jia Yi Wood, Bing Ding Fire, Wu Ji Earth, Geng Xin Metal, Ren Gui Water. The Husband-Wife Wuxing combination of the Ten Stems are Jia Ji Earth, Yi Geng Metal, Bing Xin Water, Ding Ren Wood, Wu Gui Fire, which corresponds to the principles of the Duihuazuoyong Theory. Within the Husband-Wife Wuxing combination lies three principles which are Yin Yang combination, Mutual Restraining combination, and the Yang Stem restraining the Yin Stem. The Mutual Collision of the Ten Stems are Jia and Geng, Yi and Xin, Ren and Bing, Gui and Ding against each other. In matching Zangfu to the Ten Stems, Jia matches with Gallbladder, Yi matches with Liver; Bing matches with Small Intestine, Ding matches with Heart; Wu matches with Stomach, Ji matches with Spleen; Geng matches with Large Intestine, Xin matches with Lung; Ren matches with Bladder, Gui matches with Kidney. : When the adjacent vectors are extracted, the count-based word embedding method derives the main herbs that are frequently used in conjunction with each other. On the other hand, in the prediction-based word embedding method, the synonyms of the herbs were derived.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

Background: Children with cleft lip and/or palate can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. A vicious cycle ensues where malnutrition and low body weight precludes the child from having the corrective surgery, in the absence of which the child fails to gain weight. This study aimed to identify the proportion of malnutrition, including the deficiency of major micronutrients, namely iron, folate and vitamin B12, in children with cleft lip and/or palate and thus help in finding out what nutritional interventions can improve the scenario for these children. Methods: All children less than 5 years with cleft lip and/or cleft palate attending our institute were included. On their first visit, following were recorded: demographic data, assessment of malnutrition, investigations: complete blood count and peripheral blood film examination; serum albumin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Results: Eighty-one children with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Mean age was 25.37±21.49 months (range, 3-60 months). In 53% of children suffered from moderate to severe wasting, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Iron deficiency state was found in 91.6% of children. In 35.80% of children had vitamin B12 deficiency and 23.45% had folate deficiency. No correlation was found between iron deficiency and the type of deformity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency state is almost universally present in children with cleft lip and palate. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation should be given at first contact to improve iron reserve and hematological parameters for optimum and safe surgery.