• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2001

As soon as possible, our military have to trainning the information security manpower for Cyber Warfare, it should be block the foreign infowarrior to go by way of other country from our system. An emergency, we can protect our military information system and this thesis provide checkpoint about how we consider about trainning the infowarrior for future war.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

Since the 2003.1.25 Internet Crisis, the government has been looking at a number of options to strengthen national cyber-security/crisis management capability to guard against ever increasing threat of cyber-war and terror. Thus, the focus of this study was to explorer new ways of developing a comprehensive cyber-security/crisis management system, in particular by combining modern social-science analytic theories. As a result, although there has to be more in-depth researches into incorporating advanced techniques to generate more detailed and object-specific indexes and protocols, the use of 'event data system,' which has been widely utilized in many recent social science researches to assess a wide-range of socio-political risks and crises, could be adopted as a basis for a comprehensive nationwide cyber-risk management system.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2023

South Korea and Japanese governments have never responded cooperatively to North Korea cyber threats in the past 10 years or even before that. There are two reasons: First, The historical and political conflicts between the two countries were so deep that they did not discuss their mutual needs. Second, officially, Japan had not been subjected to a North Korean cyberattack until 2022 . In particular, the issues of comfort women and forced labor during World War II were holding back the reconciliation between the two countries. With the inauguration of the Yoon Seok-yeol administration, Korea-US relati ons improved dramatically. Tensions in Northeast Asia reached their peak due to the conflict between the US and China. It has become a situation where peace cannot be garaunteed without close cooperation between Korea and Japan led by the United States.

• Strategy21
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• s.34
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• pp.58-92
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• 2014

Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2024

drones are used in a variety of fields, including business, leisure, lifesaving, and war. Various research using drones is being conducted in the military. In particular, the use of drones in 『Manned-Unmanned Complex combat performance plan』, powered by various unmanned vehicles deployed in the Army TIGER system, is expected to be a major factor realizing the Army's future combat performance that minimizes damage to ally combat troops while causing maximum damage to the enemy. As the deployment of various systems progresses, combat performance methods utilizing each system are evolving, but there is a lack of research to identify and resolve limitations in the perspective of unmanned vehicle operators. Based on the Ukrainian military's FPV drone combat case, we would like to make suggestions from the operator's perspective on overcoming perspective limitations through the introduction of FPV and the designation of military drone frequency.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.2
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• pp.121-163
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• 2004

Science technique development expanded into, not only land, sea, and air operations but also those of airspace, and cyber battle spaces. It is generally accepted at this time that space centric operations currently cannot be effectively divided from air operations. However, science and technology advancements make it possible to integrate Army, Navy, Airforce, and Marine forces into effective operations as never before. The Republic of Korea Armed Forces needs to establish a more effective joint concept. The US military, considered by many experts as the most effective in the world, understands the necessity of joint operations and accordingly has highly developed its own concept of joint operations. The US joint operational concepts demonstrated their effectiveness during the Iraqi War by dominating the battlefield through effective use of all combat and non-combat power. Following the US Iraqi War experience, the US Department of Defense continued to enhance Joint Capability through the acceleration of US Military Transformation involving all components. The future national security of the Republic of Korea, faced with the peculiarity of communist threat in the form of North Korea, and the conflicting interest of four strong powers; the United States, China, Japan, and Russia, depends on small but strong armed forces employing all available combat power through effective National and Military Strategy, and considering domestic and international constraints. In order to succeed in future wars, military operations following joint operational concepts must effectively employ all available combat power in a timely manner. The Republic of Korea Armed Forces must establish a joint forces concept in order to integrate all available combat power during employment. Therefore we must establish military operations that develop the military structure and organization, doctrine, weapon systems, training and education of our armed forces based on the key concept of joint operations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.843-859
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• 2018

Cybersecurity has emerged as a serious problem in Korea and there have been relevant movements to improve domestic cybersecurity policy and system. However, discussions have yet to result in actual progress and the legislation for improvement of cybersecurity policy and system have been stagnant until now. As evidenced by the introduction of primary government legislation bill for national cybersecurity in 2017, the preparations for improvements to the policy and system are still in progress. However, we cannot be positive about the possibility of implementing these improvements during the process. Recognition of the importance of cybersecutiry has gradually risen and is more prevalent than in years past, however, in-depth discussions are not being made. In principle, misunderstandings about cybersecurity itself and insufficient understandings of the relevant legislation seem to cause such problems. Therefore, it is necessary to review key issues related to the improvement of cybersecurity policy and system and reconsider tasks for the future. Such issues include the relationship between cybersecurity and fundamental rights, establishing responsibility and capability of each of entities for cybersecurity, and the role of the military in cybersecurity. This type of in-depth discussion will be helpful for finding ways to improve upon cybersecurity policy and system. Moreover, this study aims to key issues with questionnaire survey and political and normative inquiry.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.221-230
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• 2020

The effects-based operation, which would reduce unnecessary efforts and meaningless sacrifices incurred during a war and simultaneously reach the will of the enemy leadership by strategic attacks, was discarded for the reason that it was difficult to apply it to military power except for airpower. However, cyberspace, which can be thoroughly logical and calculated, can be suitable for conducting effects-based operations. This study examined a way to carry out effects-based operations in such cyberspaces. It laid the foundation for overcoming the limitations of effects-based operations revealed in previous battle cases and executing the operations in cyber battlespace where the boundary between physical and cyberspaces gradually disappeared. Futhermore, it demonstrated that effects-based operations could be carried out in cyberspace by establishing a military strategy, which could conduct the operations through an analysis of previous cyber-attack cases.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

The 5 Game changer means the concepts of the army's operation against the enemy's asymmetric threats so that minimize damage to the public and leads to victory in war in the shortest time. A study of network architecture of Dronebot operation is a key study to carry out integrated operation with integrated C4I system by organically linking several drones battle groups through ICT. The NBC reconnaissance drones can be used instead of vehicles and humans to detect NBC materials and share situations quickly. However, there is still a lack of research on the swarm flight of the NBC reconnaissance drones and the weaknesses of cyber electronic warfare. In this study, we present weaknesses and countermeasures of CBRNs in swarm flight operations and provide a basis for future research.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.169-190
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• 2009

Today, the rapid advance of scientific technologies has brought about fundamental changes to the types and levels of terrorism while the war against the world more than one thousand small and big terrorists and crime organizations has already begun. A method highly likely to be employed by terrorist groups that are using 21st Century state of the art technology is cyber terrorism. In many instances, things that you could only imagine in reality could be made possible in the cyber space. An easy example would be to randomly alter a letter in the blood type of a terrorism subject in the health care data system, which could inflict harm to subjects and impact the overturning of the opponent's system or regime. The CIH Virus Crisis which occurred on April 26, 1999 had significant implications in various aspects. A virus program made of just a few lines by Taiwanese college students without any specific objective ended up spreading widely throughout the Internet, causing damage to 30,000 PCs in Korea and over 2 billion won in monetary damages in repairs and data recovery. Despite of such risks of cyber terrorism, a great number of Korean sites are employing loose security measures. In fact, there are many cases where a company with millions of subscribers has very slackened security systems. A nationwide preparation for cyber terrorism is called for. In this context, this research will analyze the current status of Korea's cyber security systems and its laws from a policy perspective, and move on to propose improvement strategies. This research suggests the following solutions. First, the National Cyber Security Management Act should be passed to have its effectiveness as the national cyber security management regulation. With the Act's establishment, a more efficient and proactive response to cyber security management will be made possible within a nationwide cyber security framework, and define its relationship with other related laws. The newly passed National Cyber Security Management Act will eliminate inefficiencies that are caused by functional redundancies dispersed across individual sectors in current legislation. Second, to ensure efficient nationwide cyber security management, national cyber security standards and models should be proposed; while at the same time a national cyber security management organizational structure should be established to implement national cyber security policies at each government-agencies and social-components. The National Cyber Security Center must serve as the comprehensive collection, analysis and processing point for national cyber crisis related information, oversee each government agency, and build collaborative relations with the private sector. Also, national and comprehensive response system in which both the private and public sectors participate should be set up, for advance detection and prevention of cyber crisis risks and for a consolidated and timely response using national resources in times of crisis.