• 에너지공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

스마트그리드는 저탄소 녹색성장의 선도 프로젝트로 추진하는 핵심과제로 전력산업의 환경변화에 적응하고 에너지이용 효율을 제고하기 위한 새로운 전력시스템이다. 현 전력계통은 폐쇄적인 EMS(Energy Management System)를 기반으로 운영되어 최소한의 보안강도가 보장되었지만, 스마트그리드 하에서는 개방형 통신망과 연계되면서 기존의 사이버 보안 위협들이 전력시스템으로 유입된다. 또한 EMS와 같은 제어시스템은 실시간 특성이 강하게 요구되며, 높은 수준의 가용성(낮은 고장 빈도와 신속한 복구)이 필요하다. 즉, EMS의 사이버 위협은 IT시스템에 비해 보다 복잡하고 치명적인 요인이 된다. 본 논문에서 갈수록 증대하고 있는 스마트그리드 보안 측면의 문제들을 정의하고, 피상적으로 머물던 스마트그리드의 사이버 위험 문제를 물리적 전력계통과 연계하고 모델링하여 수치로 산출할 수 있는 정량화 방법론을 제시하였다.

• 한국유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유통학회 1999년도 공동추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.307-325
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• 1999

본 논문은 최근 관심이 집중되고 있는 PC통신 및 인터넷에 의한 사이버 쇼핑행동을 이해하기 위해서 사이버 쇼핑경험자와 비경험자간의 차이를 비교하였다. 인터넷 및 PC통신 사용자를 대상으로 일대일 면접과 전자메일 설문방식을 병행하여 426명으로부터 설문응답을 얻었다. 주요설문내용은 인터넷 및 PC통신 사용실태, 사이버쇼핑 사용실태, 사이버 쇼핑에 대한 지각된 위험요인(perceived risks), 그리고 인구통계적 변수 등이었다. 응답자를 인터넷과 PC통신을 통해 제품이나 서비스를 구매한 경험이 있는 집단(182명)과 없는 집단(242명)으로 나누어 분산분석(ANOVA)과 판별분석(discriminant analysis)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 사이버 쇼핑구매 경험자와 무경험자간에는 인터넷 및 PC통신 행태, 인구통계변수, 사이버 쇼핑에 대한 지각위험, 사이버 쇼핑 중요속성 평가에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 효과적인 사이버 마케팅전략을 제시하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.375-390
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• 2021

연구목적: 사이버보안 침해사고의 대부분은 중소기업에서 발생하고 있는데, 기존 사이버보안 프레임워크(Framework)와 인증체계 등은 주로 금융권이나 대기업에 초점이 맞추어져 있어 정보보안 예산과 인력이 부족한 중소기업이 활용하기에는 어려움이 많아 중소기업이 자율적으로 사이버위험관리를 할 수 있는 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 연구방법: 사이버보안 시장, 금융기관 사이버보안 항목, 사이버보안 프레임워크 비교, 언론에 보도된 사이버보안사고 등을 통해 사이버보안에 중요한 항목을 도출하고 이를 AHP 분석을 통하여 그 중요도를 분석하고, 손해보험사의 사이버보안 항목을 조사·비교 하였다. 연구결과: 주요한 사이버사고 원인 20가지에 대한 중소기업의 사이버위험관리 방안을 제시하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 도출된 국내 중소기업의 사이버보안 위험평가방안이 향후 중소기업이 사이버보험 가입 시 그 기업의 위험평가에 도움이 되길 바라고 사이버 위험평가도 ERM 규격화의 한 부분에 포함되기를 희망해 본다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.879-887
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• 2021

The nuclear supply chain attack surface is a large, complex network of interconnected stakeholders and activities. The global economy has widened and deepened the supply chain, resulting in larger numbers of geographically dispersed locations and increased difficulty ensuring the authenticity and security of critical digital assets. Although the nuclear industry has made significant strides in securing facilities from cyber-attacks, the supply chain remains vulnerable. This paper discusses supply chain threats and vulnerabilities that are often overlooked in nuclear cyber supply chain risk analysis. A novel supply chain cyber-attack surface diagram is provided to assist with enumeration of risks and to examine the complex issues surrounding the requirements for securing hardware, firmware, software, and system information throughout the entire supply chain lifecycle. This supply chain cyber-attack surface diagram provides a dashboard that security practitioners and researchers can use to identify gaps in current cyber supply chain practices and develop new risk-informed, cyber supply chain tools and processes.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권2_2호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

In this paper, we introduce a smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix methodology, as a result of research on overall cyber security of smart cities. The identified cyber security risks that threaten smart cities and smart-city-cyber-security-threat list are presented. The smart-city-cyber-security-requirements necessary to secure the smart city cyber security with the developed smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix are given in this paper. We show how the developed smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix methodology can be applied to real world. For it, we interlocked the developed smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix methodology with the cyber-security-framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and developed a framework-based smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix. Using it, it is easy and comfortable to check the level of cyber security of the target smart ciy at a glace, and the construction and operation of the smart city security system is systematized.

• 복식문화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 복식문화학회 2000년도 International Costume Culture Conference
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• pp.56-56
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• 2000

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3319-3326
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• 2021

As a form of industrial control systems (ICS), nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) systems have been digitalized increasingly. This has raised in turn cyber security concerns. Cyber security for ICS is important because cyber-attacks against ICS can cause not only equipment damage and loss of production but also personal and public safety hazards unlike in general IT environments. Numerous risk analyses have been carried out to enhance the safety of ICS and recently, many studies related to the cyber security of ICS are being conducted. Many existing risk analyses and cyber security studies have considered safety and cyber security separately. However, both safety and cyber security perspectives should be considered when analyzing risks for complex and critical ICS facilities such as nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this paper, the STPA-SafeSec methodology is selected to consider both safety and security perspectives when performing a risk analysis for NPPs in order to assess impacts on the safety by cyber-attacks against the digital I&C systems. The STPA-SafeSec methodology was applied to a test-bed system that simulates a condensate water (CD) system in an NPP. The process of the application up to the development of mitigation strategies is described in detail.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2017

Cyber security is an important issue in the field of nuclear engineering because nuclear facilities use digital equipment and digital systems that can lead to serious hazards in the event of an accident. Regulatory agencies worldwide have announced guidelines for cyber security related to nuclear issues, including U.S. NRC Regulatory Guide 5.71. It is important to evaluate cyber security risk in accordance with these regulatory guides. In this study, we propose a cyber security risk evaluation model for nuclear instrumentation and control systems using a Bayesian network and event trees. As it is difficult to perform penetration tests on the systems, the evaluation model can inform research on cyber threats to cyber security systems for nuclear facilities through the use of prior and posterior information and backpropagation calculations. Furthermore, we suggest a methodology for the application of analytical results from the Bayesian network model to an event tree model, which is a probabilistic safety assessment method. The proposed method will provide insight into safety and cyber security risks.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

Purpose - These days, an individual user, private entity, hears everyday news of hacking and personal information leakage in the era of a most-connected society. This study investigates cyber attack, cyber insurance and distribution channels for insurance goods in South Korea by analyzing various cases of cyber attacks in domestic and overseas case. Research design, data and methodology - This study adopted various study cases instead of the one large case for deep quality analysis, and focused on various cases of domestic and overseas cyber attacks with insurance. Result - As a result of analyzing the cases that were hacked, types of massive losses and damages arising out of internet blackout due to cyber risks are paralyzation of public and private website and portal, electronic administrative system, public infrastructure, and consequently a normal operation of nation is impossible. These losses and damages however can be coverable under cyber insurance. Conclusions - This paper suggests insurance carriers, as suppliers, should provide multiple channels to sell to the customer and should expand the strategy of advertisement and promotion in order for them to change their mind and compare the price and value of the information of individual users and private entity in view of cost savings.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2011

As power industry evolves into Smart Grid scheme, previously closed power systems are being integrated into public communication networks. It increases the controllability and efficiency of the system, but also accompanies many cyber threats having existed in the Internet to the SCADA system. Therefore it is required to apply security countermeasures to the Smart Grid, which brings about investment costs. There have been few approaches to assess risks from cyber attack especially in electric power industry. So this paper proposes a methodology to assess quantitative impacts of various types of cyber attacks to a power system, and also shows the feasibility of the method through a case study.