• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.923-931
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 일시적인 고온 스트레스 처리가 복색 장미 'Pinky Girl'의 화아 착색과 안토시아닌 생합성 관련 유전자들의 발현 양상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 꽃잎에서 cyanin의 축적은 화아의 발육단계와 연관이 있으며 화아 발육 과정에서 꽃잎이 출현하는 4단계($S_4$)에서 급격하게 일어났다. 따라서 $S_4$ 단계가 꽃잎 착색에 가장 민감한 시기로 판단된다. $S_4$ 단계에서 3일간 고온 스트레스($39/18^{\circ}C$)를 받은 고온처리구에서 개화 당시 꽃잎의 cyanin 착색이 대조구와 비교하여 45.5% 감소하였다. 한편, 안토시아닌 생합성 관련 유전자인 CHS, CHI, F3'H, DFR, ANS, 3GT, 5GT의 발현은 고온처리구에서 오히려 촉진되었다. 예외적으로 F3H의 발현은 고온처리구에서 26.7% 감소하여 'Pinky Girl'의 복색 발현에 의미 있는 유전자로 확인되었다. 하지만 대부분 안토시아닌 생합성 관련 유전자들의 발현은 꽃잎에서의 cyanin 착색 경향과 비례적이지 않았다. 따라서 장미 꽃잎의 화색소 축적은 번역 이후 효과와 조절유전자와 같은 안토시아닌 생합성과 관련된 다른 복잡한 메커니즘이 연관되어 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.131-145
• /
• 2006

Perilla frutescens is known as the herb helps digestion, tonifies stomachache, and decreases fever in oriental medicine. And it is reported it possess the anti-pyretic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-allergy effect, anti-tumor effect etc. The components isolated from this herb consist of perilla aldehyde, d-limonene, ${\alpha}-pinene$, cyanin, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, menthol, rosmarinic acid and luteolin etc. But there is no effective tools to determine the quality of this herb. In this study, we aimed to analyze the changes of liquid chromatogram pattern, one of major standardization method, to determine the quality of Perilla frutescens.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2003

Metabolic engineering for production of isoflavones in non-legume plants could distribute the health benefits of these phytoe-strogens in more widely-consumed grains. We investigate the ability of the heterologous isoflavone synthase enzyme to interact with the endogenous phenylpropanoid pathway. Overall, results provide possibility of production of isoflavonoids in several plant tissue systems including soybean and non-legumes. In tissue that undergoes naturally enhanced synthesis of anthocyanins, genistein production was enhanced. In a monocot cell system, introduced expression of a transcription factor regulating genes of the antho-cyanin pathway was effective in conferring the ability produce genistein in the presence of the isoflavone synthase gene. However, in this case the intermediate accumulated to high levels indicating an inefficiency in its conversion. Introduction of a third gene, chalcone reductase, provided the ability to synthesize an additional substrate of isoflavone synthase resulting in production of the isoflavone daidzein. These research efforts provide insight into requirements for metabolic engineering for isoflavone production in non-legume dicot and monocot tissues.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.535-547
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 베리와 그 부산물들의 영양학적 가치와 더불어 이들의 식품 내 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 국내생산 베리 중 대표적 베리인 블루베리, 오디 그리고 복분자와 그들 부산물의 이화학적 특성과 페놀화합물 함량변화를 비교/분석하였다. 수분함량은 통 베리 시료가 그들 부산물의 함량보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 특히 복분자와 그 부산물의 수분함량은 차이가 가장 컸다. pH는 오디와 오디 부산물에서 각각 4.03, 5.18로 가장 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량은 블루베리 부산물에서 24.81와 24.13 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, 안토시아닌 함량은 오디 부산물에서 53.27 ug/g으로 가장 높았다. Cyanin chloride는 오디와 복분자 과일에서만 측정되었으며, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin과 isorhamnetin은 블루베리에서만 측정되었다. Catechin (hydrate)과 epicatechin의 경우에는 블루베리를 제외한 오디와 복분자의 통 과일과 부산물에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며, gallic acid는 오디에서, quercetin 3-D-galactoside는 블루베리에서 통 과일과 부산물간 유의적인 차이가 조사되었다. Apigenin, luteolin은 오디류에서만 측정되었으며 특히 부산물에서 그 함량이 높았다. Naringenin은 각각의 베리 부산물에서 함량이 높았으나, rutin (trihydrate)과 quercetin은 블루베리를 제외한 오디와 복분자의 통 베리에서 부산물보다 높게 검출되었다. Kaempferol 함량은 통 오디에서 15 ng/g으로 가장 높았다. 본 실험에 이용된 베리들은 성숙도 및 환경에 따라 서로 다른 결과를 나타날 수도 있겠으나, 본 연구결과는 각각의 통 베리의 유효성분을 조사한 것 뿐 아니라 그들의 부산물까지도 가축 사료 첨가제 및 식품 소재로써 활용 가능성을 나타낸 연구라 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 1999

The characcteristics of anthocyanin pigments from crab apple (Malus prunifolia Wild. Borkh. "red fruit") by ethanol extract were investigated at various condition of light temperature sugar, organic acid me-tal ion and pH. The pigments were stable(over the 60%) on the light irradiation throughout 20 days sto-rage period at room temperature and in the pesenc of Al-foil red blue green and yellow cover were rage period at room temperature and in the pesence of Al-foil red blue green and yellow cover were very stable. The pigments also showed high thermal stbility(over the 67% at 115$^{\circ}C$ 10min) at pH2.5 respectively. The pigments with added organic acid greatly increased thickness of red color. The pig-ments with added metal ions at pH 2.5 such as Na+ K+, Mg2+ Ca2+ and Mn2+ were stable throughout 20 days storage period at $25^{\circ}C$. But Cu2+ addition showed the rapidly degradation of the pigments and Al3+ addition induced the color conversion from red to redish violet. The thickness of the red color of anthocyanin pigments increased increased as the pH decreased. These results indicated that crab apple antho-cyanin pigments might be potental source of natural food colorant. colorant.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.348-364
• /
• 1990

The activities of twenty-one flavonoids and their related compounds on the hypersensitivity reaction against various antigens were studied in vitro and in vivo. 1. Generally flavonoids inhibited significantly the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced by reaginic antibody as compared as anaphylaxis by compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, and so more strongly active in the IgE-mediated anaphylaxis than non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. 2. Flavonids inhibited remarkably Arths reaction, hemolysin titer, delayed hypersensitivity, haemagglutinin titer, rosette forming cells and plague forming cells against sheep red blood cells, and so it exhibited that flavonoids inhibited type 2, 3 and 4 hypersensitivity. 3. Quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, disodium cromoglycate, malvin and baicalein were active dose-dependently in the all types of hypersensitivity. Fisetin, daidzein, morin, narigin, flavone, catechin, rutin, hesperidin, neophsperidin, apigenin and chrysin were significantly active in the various types of hypersensitivity, but apigenin, rutin and catechin were less active in the delayed hypersensitivity. Taxifolin was significantly active in PCA and histamine-induced anaphylaxis except other types of hypersensitivity. Rotenone and cyanin also inhibited all types of hypersensitivity, but they are toxic. 4. Based on these results from hypersensitivity, the following flavonoid structure-activity relationships became apparent. 1) Flavonoids with $C_{2-3}$ double bond in C-ring were more active than that of $C_{2-3}$ saturation. 2) Flavonoids with $C_4$ ketone group in C-ring were more active than abscence of them except catechin and malvin. 3) Flavonoids with benzene ring at positions 2 or 3 in C-ring exhibited same activities. 4) Flavonoids with opening of the C-ring does not abolish their activities. 5) The glycosylated flavonoids in position 3 or 7 was less active than their aglycone. 6) Flavonoids with the more hydroxy group in A and B-ring were more active. 7) Flavonoids with or without $C_3-OH$ did not change their activities.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2011

Anthocyanins are naturally occuring phytochemicals and the main components of the coloring of plants, flowers and fruits. They are known to elicit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive activity. In this study, we investigated anthocyanins in black / yellow soybean seedcoats using different methods of detection - thin layer chromatography (TLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and HPLC analysis. The anthocyanins in soybean seedcoats were extracted by five independent methods of extraction and the aglycons (anthocyanidins) of the corresponding anthocyanins were prepared by acid mediated hydrolysis. The anthocyanin / anthocyanidin in black soybean seedcoat showed characteristic TLC mobility, CZE electrophoretic retention and HPLC migration time while little of anthocyanins were detected from yellow soybean seedcoat. The extracted anthocyanins showed pH dependent retention time in CZE and spectral change in UV-Vis spectrum. HPLC analysis of the hydrolyzed extract of black soybean seedcoat identified the presence of four anthocyanidins. The major anthocyanin in black soybean seedcoat was cyanin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), with the relative order of anthocyanidin in cyanidin > delphinidin > petunidin > pelargonidin.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.543-550
• /
• 2023

Mulberry fruit is a superior source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanin, and has a long history of use as an edible fruit and traditional medicine. The anthocyanin composition of mulberry fruit from 15 Korean cultivars was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS) based on a cyanin internal standard. The four glycosides were identified by comparison with authentic standards and published reports. The major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (71.7%), followed by cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (26.6%). The minor components (total of 1.7%) were pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. The total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g, dry weight) of mulberry fruit varied by cultivar and ranged from 471.5±4.0 (Su Hong) to 4,700.2±54.0 (Gwa Sang2). Among the 15 cultivars examined, Gwa Sang2 showed the highest level of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3,133.4±32.6), which was 9-fold higher than that of Su Hong (351.5±3.4). In conclusion, anthocyanin profiles, including pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, were reported for the first time from 15 Korean mulberry fruit cultivars. The results will contribute valuable information on pharmaceutical properties, breeding superior mulberry cultivars, and food industries.