• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1991

Post-thoracotomy pain is so severe that lead to postoperative complications, such as sputum retention, segmental or lobar atelectasis, pneumonia, hypoxia, respiratory failure due to the patient`s inability to cough, deep breathing and movement. Many authors have been trying to reduce the post-thoracotomy pain, but there is no method of complete satisfaction. In 1974, Nelson and associates introduced the intercostal nerve block using the cryoprobe. The application of cold directly to the nerves causes localized destruction of the axons while preserving the endoneurium and connective tissue, thereby introducing a temporary pain block and able to complete regeneration of intercostal nerves. One hundred and two patients, who undergoing axillary or posterolateral thoracotomy at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Korea University Medical Center between April 1990 and August 1990, were evaluated the effects of cryoanalgesia for the post-thoracotomy pain reduction. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A, control, the patients without the cryoanalgesia[No.=50], Group B, trial, the patients with cryoanalgesia[No.=52]. Before the thorax closed, in the group A, local anesthetics, 2% lidocaine 3cc, were injected to the intercostal nerves[one level with the thoracotomy, one cranial and caudal intercostal level and level of drainage tube insertion]. In the group B, cryoprobe was directly applied for 1 minute at the same level. Postoperative analgesic effects were evaluated by the scoring system which made arbitrary by author: The pain score 0 to 4, The limitation of motion score 0 to 3, The analgesics consumption score 0 to 3, The total score, the sum of above score, 0 to 10. For the evaluation of immediate analgesic effects, the score were evaluated at the operative day, the first postoperative day, the second postoperative day, and the seventh postoperative day. The effects of incision type, and rib cut to the post-thoracotomy pain were also evaluated. The results were as follows; 1. The intercostal block with cryoanalgesia reduced the immediate postoperative pain significantly compare with control group. 2. The intercostal block with cryoanalgesia improved the motion of the operation side significantly compare with control group. 3. The intercostal block with cryoanalgesia reduced the analgesics requirements at the immediate postoperative periods significantly. 4. The intercostal block with cryoanalgesia lowered the total score significantly compare with control group. 5. The intercostal block with cryoanalgesia were more effective to the mid-axillary incision than to the posterolateral incision 6. The intercostal block with cryoanalgesia were more effective to the patients without rib cut than to the patients with rib cut. 7. No specific complication need to be treated were not occurred during follow-up.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tendency and characteristics of behavior problems in preschool children. The aim was to acquire basic information that could be used in diagnosis and intervention strategies. The target of this study were 823 preschoolers, the reporting on which was conducted through the responses of 81 teachers. Analysis consisted of partitioning behavioral problems by demographic variables in order to ascertain differences by age, sex, and cut-off score of the high risk group. Overall results indicate significant differences in behavioral problems according to socio-demographic variable. The conclusions of this study offer a foundation for diagnosis, intervention, and therapy for preschoolers with problem behaviors.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.787-798
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to assign weights for subscales and items of the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome questionnaire and suggest optimal cut-off values for screening unplanned hospital readmissions of critical care survivors. Methods: Seventeen experts participated in an analytic hierarchy process for weight assignment. Participants for cut-off analysis were 240 survivors who had been admitted to intensive care units for more than 48 hours in three cities in Korea. We assessed participants using the 18-item Post-Intensive Care Syndrome questionnaire, generated receiver operating characteristic curves, and analysed cut-off values for unplanned readmission based on sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios. Results: Cognitive, physical, and mental subscale weights were 1.13, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. Incidence of unplanned readmission was 25.4%. Optimal cut-off values were 23.00 for raw scores and 23.73 for weighted scores (total score 54.00), with an area of under the curve (AUC) of .933 and .929, respectively. There was no significant difference in accuracy for original and weighted scores. Conclusion: The optimal cut-off value accuracy is excellent for screening of unplanned readmissions. We recommend that nurses use the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Questionnaire to screen for readmission risk or evaluating relevant interventions for critical care survivors.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

Slope revegetation refers to the use of vegetation and construction to protect a barren slope devastated by road and building construction. Among many revegetation strategies, hydroseeding has been widely utilized to stabilize barren slopes and has become the representative approach. Previous studies on slope stability have been conducted from a civil engineering perspective, mainly evaluating the stability of cut-slopes on solid bedrock and the use of concrete structures to stabilize devastated slopes. This study was conducted to develop a method to evaluate erosion risk of revegetated cut-slopes, based on criteria derived from previous studies. Twenty-five factors were surveyed on both on-the-spot erosion slopes and non-erosion slopes after slope revegetation to compare slope types. The scores of all non-erosion slopes exceed 80 score while erosion slopes are 80 below. Erosion slopes got the range of 68-74 score while non-erosion slopes got the range of 81-100 score in the first result which was not applied for weighted-values. The scores of all non-erosion slopes exceeded 3.10, while erosion slopes were below 3.10. Erosion slopes were in the range of 2.73-3.09, while non-erosion slopes were in the range of 3.15-3.90 in the second result, which was applied with weighted-values according to the AHP result from a previous study.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2007

Objectives : The K-ARS (Korean ADHD Rating Scale) is one of the most important assessment tool of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korea. in this study, we presented detailed normative data on the K-ARS for school-aged children in Seoul metropolitan area to put it to practical use. Methods : The subjects were 2,397 students(1,223 boys and 1,174 girls, aged 6-12) from 4 elementary schools in Seoul, and one caretaker of each child completed the K-ARS for parents. Children who showed high scores of the K-ARS for parents were screened, and 2 child psychiatrists interviewed them to make a clinical diagnosis. We compared the mean scores of the K-ARS for parents between ADHD and normal group, and examined the percentage of correct classification. Results : There were some differences in score of the K-ARS for parents according to sex and age, so we presented continuous normative data with T score and subdivided cut-off points for ADHD screening. Interviews with child psychiatrists using DSM-IV criteria were performed to test diagnostic validity, and the difference in every the K-ARS for parents index between ADHD and normal group was significant(p<.001). Using 3 different cut-of points(80th, 90th, 93rd percentage), the accuracies of ADHD correct classification were 67.9, 72.2, 71.1% and all 3 canonical discriminants were significant (p<.05) between ADHD and normal group. Conclusion : The normative data and cut-off points on the K-ARS for parents are useful in screening ADHD children in Seoul metropolitan area.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Background: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale have been used to assess balance function in patients with chronic stroke. These clinical balance scales provide information about potential risk factors for falls. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors of falls and compare the predictive values of the BBS and FAB scale relative to fall risk in patients with stroke through receiver operating characteristic analysis. Methods: Sixty-three patients with stroke (faller=34, non-faller=29) who could walk independently for 10 meters participated in this study. The BBS and FAB scale were administered. Then, we verified the cut-off score, sensitivity, specificity, and the area of under the curve. Results: In this study, the BBS and FAB scale did not predict fall risk in patients with stroke in the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. A cut-off score of 37.5 points provided sensitivity of .47 and specificity of .35 on the BBS, and a cut-off score of 20.5 points provided sensitivity of .44 and specificity of .45 on the FAB scale. Conclusion: The BBS and FAB scale were not useful screening tools for predicting fall risk in patients with stroke in this study, but those who scored 37.5 or lower on the BBS and 20.5 or lower on the FAB scale had a high risk for falls.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2008

This study was performed in an effort to standardize the quality of fresh-cut products. Here, consumers' perceptions of fresh-cut products were surveyed to determine the quality factors in preparing quality standards for fresh-cut products. According to the surveys, freshness was the most important factor for consumers when choosing fresh-cut products at the market. Secondary indicators of good quality, i.e., "sensory qualities," were determined to be vibrant color, clean taste, nice feel, neat presentation, etc., as well as knowledge of whether it was organically grown. Off-odors decreased a product's marketability. Likewise, the more wilted or brown it appeared, the less a product was desired. From the results, the quality control indices for fresh-cut products were derived as freshness, discoloration, off-flavor, uniformity, prohibition of adulteration by alien substances, packaging and labeling. The quality of fresh-cut lettuce samples was measured against three storage temperatures: $20^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$. Sensory quality evaluations revealed the following: produce stored at $20^{\circ}C$ lost its marketability in less than one day; produce stored at $10^{\circ}C$ lost its marketability in less than two days; on the other hand, produced stored at $5^{\circ}C$, maintained its marketability for six days. At these respective points, browning started to occur around cut areas, and increased gradually once it began. Vitamin C content decreased with storage time, but storage at $5^{\circ}C$ maintained vitamin content the longest duration. Finally, further examinations were performed on the sensory qualities of fresh-cut lettuce samples at four levels of increased browning. Up to the third level, the product score for marketability was 5.6.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between spatial space structure and visitors' behavior and interpret visitors' behavior concretely from the aspect of exhibition environments. So, this study intends to qualify spatial space structure with integration, connectivity and control value by utilizing space syntax, limit to tracking score among the analysis index and reinterpret with exhibition density and extend of eyesight among the exhibition environments. The results of this study are as follows; First, in case of museums, tracking score shows plus correlation with connectivity and control value among the space syntax variables and very low correlation with integration. In case of art museums, tracking score shows plus correlation with integration and wide variable is judged to more useful to analyze visitor's behavior than minor variable. Second, museums doesn't make a great effect on visitors' behavior from the aspect of extent of eyesight, but from the aspect of exhibition density, visitors relatively watched evenly without short cut at the early stage of exhibition in spite of high exhibition density. And, they conducted short cut as they went to the middle stage of exhibition on the course of watching although the numerical value of exhibition density is low. Third, in case of art museums, visitors' behavior was relatively influenced by exhibition density, not extent of eyesight. But, as they went to the high level on the course of watching, watching speed became rapid and watching length became short in the place the value of extent of eyesight was high. Its reason is judged to be easy to grasp position or space structure of the next exhibition room visually. Therefore, when the concentration of watching is necessary from the aspect of exhibition, to control exhibition density properly before the space is useful to draw visiting to exhibition space afterward.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study were to examine internal reliability and internal validity for Short Sensory Profile(SSP) and to suggest the useful criteria for sensory processing abilities in Korean culture. Methods : The Short Sensory Profile(SSP) was completed by mothers of 304 children typically developing between 3 to 10 years of age in those preschool, kindergarten and elementary school located Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The total agency for this study was 14 facilities and the period of study was from July, 2002 to June, 2003. Kim Mi Sun(2001) translated and modified the Short Sensory Profile that Macintoshi developed and the tool for the study was used. The data were analyzed with reliability test and Pearson's correlation. Results : 1. Internal reliability of the total tests and sections was estimated by calculating Cronbach's Alphas. Reliability value of the total tests was .889. 2. For internal validity the correlations range from .131 to .575 in magnitude, suggesting that the sections of the Short Sensory Profile tap relatively unique constructs and support the factor structure developed. 3. The total score of the Short Sensory Profile(SSP) range from 118 to 190, mean and SD was 163.12, 14.87. 4. Of 403 children represented by the survey, 32 children(10.5%) met criteria for sensory processing disorders based upon parental perceptions. 5. Cut scores were determined by computing the raw score cut scores for -1 SD and -2 SD. The normal group of sensory processing abilities had score which range from 190 to 149, the probable problem group had score which range from 148 to 134, and the definite problem group had score which range from 133 to 138. Conclusion : Findings from the above study suggest that Short Sensory Profile be the screening tool for sensory processing disorders within Korean culture. Further research is needed to compare with children with the various sensory processing disabilities(PDD, LD, CP ect,).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of the five organ pattern identification questionnaire(FOPIQ). Data collection was conducted from 190 people who were randomly selected from the general population living in D city from October 2016 to June 2017, and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 Statistics Program. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to know the relation between the expert's score and FOPIQ's one. The cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity were analyzed through ROC-curve. Significant p was <.05. The pearson correlation coefficient was .735, .756, .762, .736, and .513 between individual score of FOPIQ and that of the experts in liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney, respectively. The cut-off value of the FOPIQ was 46.209, 47.276, 45.336, 48.823, and 42.508 in liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney respectively. The AUC derived from the cut-off value of the FOPIQ was .907, .854, .888, .902, and .781 respectively. This study suggests that the FOPIQ could be valid to apply for general population in clinics as well as health checkups.