• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Today a consumer is confused and he looks only for values in relation to the prices spent by him/her in the buying process. He/She relates value in terms product pricing, brand value, his experiences etc. This therefore gives a vast scope for organized retailing that can make products available as per the aspirations of the consumer. For these organized retailers, Shopping Malls are acting as a catalyst and helping them to enhance their growth all over the country. They are providing them the required infrastructure and also helping them to achieve a faster growth. The present study is therefore done visualizing the opportunities available in the Indian market and the issues faced by the mushrooming of Malls in Indian metropolitan cities making their survival difficult due to cut-throat competition. This is also resulting in poor occupation and is not able to find neither the right rentals nor the footfalls.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2000

지하박스구조물을 개착식으로 시공할 때에는 토공을 최소화하여 지반을 굴착하고 구조물을 설치한 후에 되메움하므로 지반굴착면과 구조물사이의 되메움 공간이 크지 않다. 따라서 구조물의 상부슬래브와 외측벽에 작용하는 토압의 크기와 분포형상은 구조물의 거동에 큰 영향을 미치며, 되메움 폭과 굴착면의 형상 및 토피두께 등에 따라 다르다. 본 연구에서는 원지반을 굴착한 후 구조물을 설치하고 잔여 굴착공간을 되메움하여 지하박스 구조물을 건설하는 시공 과정을 FLAC을 이용하여 수치해석하고 그 결과를 Marston-Spangler등의 이론과 silo 이론 및 모형실험 결과와 비교하였다. 결과적으로 상부슬래브에 작용하는 연직토압이 슬래브중앙에서는 토피하중과 같으나 구조물의 가장자리에서는 되메움 폭과 굴착면의 경사 및 토피의 두께 등에 따라 이보다 작거나 커졌고, 외측벽에 작용하는 수평토압은 정지토압보다 작았으며, 깊이에 따라 비선형적으로 증가하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1993

Free tissue transplantation is commonly performed with the brilliant achievement in microsurgery and anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents have been prescribed in the procedures. However, there is no clean-cut indication as to which agents would be more effective in every steps and final consequences. Low molecular weight heparins inhibiting coagulation in plateletrich plasma and acting on the vascular endothelium have antithrombotic and fibrinolysis action. The experiment with rat groin free flap transplantation after 6-hour ischemia and injection of the low molecular weight heparin was performed and the results between the injection and non-injection group were analysed as follows, 1. Both of the 24-hour groups, vessel patency was not proportional to color change of the groin flap. 2. On the second day after anastomois, heparin-injection group showed intact intima, patent lumen without thrombus, and mild granulomatous inflammation around the suture material and control group with doubtful patency revealed intimal loss and thrombus formation. 3. On the 5th, 7th, and 9th postoperative day, heparin group was patent in anastomosis and showed acute inflammatory cells. 4. The 7th-week period, heparin-injection group showed intact flap color, patent lumen with intact intima and persistent foreign body granuloma.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to measure rim surface adhesion and to calculate motion resistance produced by the adhesion acting on the rim section of a circular wheel under sticky soil condition. The mechanisms of generating motion resistance by the adhesion on a circular wheel were analyzed through wheel motion. Experiments were conducted in an indoor soil bin that contains loam soil. A circular steel wheel was used for experiments. A part of the wheel rim was cut off, and transducers which can measure normal and tangential forces were installed in this section. Calculated motion resistance at a part of the rim section was superposed for one wheel rotation as motion resistance produced by the rim surface adhesion. The motion resistance increased with increasing the dynamic load. Ratio of the motion resistance to total motion resistance measured by an axis transducer was about 23 to 46 % in this study.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1996

A clear understanding of the surface formation mechanism due to cutting is very important to help produce a good quality surface. Much of the roughness along the length of a bar being cut in a lathe can be explained in terms of macroscopic tool shape and feed rate. However, the roughness along the direction of cutting requires a different explanation. The formation of surface roughness is a problem in flow and fracture of materials in the vicinity of the tool edge. On a microscopic scale the cutting edge is rounded because it is impossible to grind a perfectly sharp cutting edge. Even if a perfectly sharp cutting edge were obtained it would soon become dull as a result of rapid breakdown and wear of the cutting edge. A research project is proposed in which in the main object is to model the surface formation mechanism due to cutting. The tool was assumed to be dull, that is, its edge has a finite radius. In order to study the effect of the radius of cutting edge on the surface formation, tools having different cutting edges were used. For orthogonal cutting experiment, cast iron and glass were chosen as brittle materials. Plowing forces acting in the cutting edge were estimated and its effect on the surface roughness was studied by observing the machined surface using optical microscope.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.213-228
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• 2013

Tall buildings have been traditionally designed to be symmetric rectangular, triangular or circular in plan, in order to avoid excessive seismic-induced torsional vibrations due to eccentricity, especially in seismic-prone regions like Japan. However, recent tall building design has been released from the spell of compulsory symmetric shape design, and free-style design is increasing. This is mainly due to architects' and structural designers' challenging demands for novel and unconventional expressions. Another important aspect is that rather complicated sectional shapes are basically good with regard to aerodynamic properties for crosswind excitations, which are a key issue in tall-building wind-resistant design. A series of wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulation have been carried out to determine aerodynamic forces and wind pressures acting on tall building models with various configurations: corner cut, setbacks, helical and so on. Dynamic wind-induced response analyses of these models have also been conducted. The results of these experiments have led to comprehensive understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of tall buildings with various configurations.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.172-185
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• 2009

This paper presents case histories and research projects related to geotechnical challenges at waste landfill sites in Japan. Due to the limitation of inland space available to waste disposal, coastal landfills and the associated containment systems are important considerations, particularly for metropolitan areas. Experimental works on heavy metals mobility using a large column to simulate the redox potential at the coastal landfill sites are introduced. After the closure of landfill sites, they are expected to be utilized as new land space, since new space is difficult to find in urban area. In the redevelopment of such closed landfill sites, there are possibilities of environmental risks, such as generation of toxic gas and leachate, differential settlement of the waste layer, damage to the lining system. Whether the pile installation through the clay layer acting as a landfill bottom barrier is environmentally acceptable or not has been a great concern in the redevelopment of closed waste landfill sites in particular coastal landfill sites. An analytical study to evaluate the cost-effective remedial option for a dumped waste site located along a landslide area, where cut-off wall keyed into the aquitard might elevate groundwater level and thus may not be employed, is presented.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

The construction of underground structures such as power supply lines, communication lines, utility tunnels has significantly increased worldwide for improving urban aesthetics ensuring citizen safety, and efficient use of underground space. Those underground structures are usually constructed along with vertical cylindrical shafts to facilitate their construction and maintenance. When constructing a vertical shaft through the open-cut method, the walls are mostly designed to be flexible, allowing a certain level of displacement. The earth pressure applied to the flexible walls acts as an external force and its accurate estimation is essential for reasonable and economical structure design. The earth pressure applied to the flexible wall is closely interrelated to the displacement of the surrounding ground. This study simulated stepwise excavation for constructing a cylindrical vertical shaft through a centrifugal model experiment. One quadrant of the axisymmetric vertical shaft and the ground were modeled, and ground excavation was simulated by shrinking the vertical shaft. The deformation occurring on the entire ground during the excavation was continuously evaluated through digital image analysis. The digital image analysis evaluated complex ground deformation which varied with wall displacement, distance from the wall, and ground depth. When the ground deformation data accumulate through the method used in this study, they can be used for developing shaft wall models in future for analyzing the earth pressure acting on them.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-113
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• 2019

최근 개착식 터널공법으로 널리 사용되고 있는 프리캐스트 라이닝 아치 구조물에 대하여 현장 계측과 수치해석 결과를 비교하여 3힌지 프리캐스트 아치 구조물의 거동을 분석하였다. 현장 계측결과, 천단부에서 가장 큰 연직변위가 측정되었으며 초기에는 상방향으로 변위가 발생하다가 뒤채움 흙이 천단부보다 높아지면서 하방향으로 변위가 발생하였다. 천단부는 최종적으로 원 위치로부터 상방향 19 mm에서 변위가 수렴하였다. 측벽부 최대 수평변위 지점에서의 수평변위는 아치상단까지 뒤채움시 터널 내측으로 발생하여 두 지점간의 수평거리가 줄어들다가, 상부 성토가 진행될수록 수평변위는 감소하여 원래 위치로 이동하였다. 프리캐스트 아치구조물에 대한 변위 분석결과, 지반-구조물의 상호작용을 잘 관찰할 수 있었으며 따라서 기존의 강성구조물과 비교하여 경제적인 설계가 가능할 것으로 기대된다. Duncan 모델을 사용한 유한요소 해석결과를 현장 변위 계측값과 변위 형상 등과 비교하면 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 수치해석 결과에 의한 측벽부의 수평토압계수는 터널 좌측부는 0.4, 우측부는 0.7에서 수렴하여, 편토압이 발생하는 현장상황 및 현장 변위 계측 결과와도 일치하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2015

지진 시에 지하구조물은 지상구조물보다 더욱 안전한 것으로 간주되어 왔으나, 1995년 고베지진 시 발생한 지하철터널의 피해 이후 지하구조물의 피해 사례가 점점 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 풍화토로 되메움한 개착식 터널과 주변 지반의 지진 시 거동을 Mohr-Coulomb모델을 이용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 지반의 측면 경계조건, 인장강도, 최대지진가속도에 따른 개착식 터널과 주변 지반의 변위 및 터널 라이닝에 작용하는 응력을 예측하였다. 지반의 측면 경계조건(자유장 경계조건과 일반 경계조건)과 주변 지반의 인장강도의 변화에 따라 계산된 변위와 응력은 상당한 차이를 나타냈다. 좌우경계조건이 자유장 조건인 경우에는 지반의 잔류변형이 거의 발생하지 않았으나, 구속된 일반 조건인 경우에는 지진으로 인한 주변 및 기초 지반의 융기로 인한 잔류변형이 크게 발생하였다. 하지만 주변 및 기초 지반의 인장강도를 점착력의 100%로 가정하였을 경우 개착식 터널은 측면 경계조건이나 입력된 최대가속도에 관계없이 잔류변위는 1 cm 이내로 무시할 수준이다. 뿐만 아니라, 최대변위 발생 시 및 최종 단계에서 터널 라이닝에서 발생하는 응력은 모두 허용응력 이내이므로 안전한 것으로 판단된다. 동적 수치해석에서는 주변 지리적 조건을 고려하여 적절한 경계조건을 설정하고 인장강도와 같은 지반의 물성치를 정확하게 구하는 것이 매우 중요한 것으로 판단된다.