• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.5-14
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• 2005

Local self-governing bodies have created community identity to activate local communities. community identity is one of the very effective ways to establish a different image from other self-governing bodies and to raise locals' love of hometown and sense of belonging. In addition to community identity., there are several things to form identity such as symbols (like flowers, birds, and animals) of local self-governing bodies or characters visualizing figures, tradition, and specialties of the region. Recently local governments have introduced various programs such as brand planning like city brand, and local events. This study analyses the basic elements, like symbol mark, logotype, and color, among visual elements of the current local self-governing bodies community identity. and conducts a comparative analysis of the visual elements of symbols and characters. The results show that those community identities and other design elements lack differentiation and consistency among visual elements. To create differentiated image of local self-governing bodies, it needs to develop unique and various themes of the region and to generate synergy effect through consistency and interactions among various visual effects based on community identity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 1997

The current processer of the textile wastewater treatment are mostly consisted of a combination of a physico-chemical and a biological treatment. The overall efficiency of these processes is, however, assessed to be fairly low. It is even worse during the summer season when temperature of the wastewater rises above 40$\circ $C. Therefore, a feasible process of the textile wastewater treatment which can work efficiently at higher temperatures was investigated in this work. We used a bench scale reactor consisted of one 4 liter anaerobic and one 8 liter aerobic tank, and the thermophilic symbiotic PVA degraders, Pasteruella hemolytica KMG1 and Pseudomonas sp. KMG6 that had been isolated in our laboratory. In the preliminary flask experiments, we observed that the thermophilic symbiotic PVA degraders could not grow in the wastewater substrate. Then, we isolated the mutant strains by acclimating the KMG1and KMG6 strains to the wastewater medium. The mutant symbionts (KMG1-1 and KMG6-1) were isolated through 6 times successive transfers into the fresh wastewater medium after 5 days culture for each. The mutant strains obtained grew well in the mixed medium composed of 75% wastewater and 25% synthetic medium, and supplemented with 0.5% PVA as a sole carbon source. During the culture for 14 days at pH 7.0 and 40$\CIRC $C, the bacteria assimilated about 89% of the added PVA. The symbionts degraded equally well all the PVA substrates of different molecular weight (nd=500~30000). In contrast to the flask experiments, in the reactor system the mutant strains showed very low levels of the PVA and COD removal rates. However, the new reactor system with an additional aerobic tank attained 82% removal rate of COD, 94% of PVA degradation and 71% of color index under the conditions of 5% inoculm on the tank 2, incubation temperature of 40$\circ $C, dissolved oxygen level of 2~3 mg/l and retention time of 30 hours. This result ensures that the process described above could be an efficient and feasible treatment for the PVA contained textile wastewater at higher temperatures.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

In current information society, there is a barrier called digital divide. Due to this barrier, the disabled have difficulties to communicate with the world. Recently, with advanced smart techniques, smart devices become necessity for the disabled. Currently improvements of smart application accessibility become a great concern for the disabled. The purpose of this paper is to present some guidelines for enhancing smart application accessibility for the disabled. The enhancement guidelines are developed based on the existing mobile accessibility guidelines and modified for better adaptability for the disabled. Our principles are as follows: minimizing blue light emission from smart devices, automatic focus on input window, action trace, font color change, emergency notification by motion, gesture recognition, control location, scrolling avoidance, auditory service for visual warning, and icon literation.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.76-76
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• 2013

The current hierarchical model of galaxy formation predicts that galaxy halos contain merger relics in the form of long stellar streams. In order to find stellar substructures in galaxy, we focused our investigation on the stellar spatial density around globular clusters and on the quantitative properties of the evolved sequences in the color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). First, we investigated the spatial configuration of stars around five metal-poor globular clusters in halo region (M15, M30, M53, NGC 5053, and NGC 5466) and one metal-poor globular cluster in bulge region (NGC 6626). Our findings indicate that all of these globular clusters show strong evidence of extratidal features in the form of extended tidal tails around the clusters. The orientations of the extratidal features show the signatures of tidal tails tracing the clusters' orbits and the effects of dynamical interactions with the galaxy. These features were also confirmed by the radial surface density profiles and azimuthal number density profiles. Our results suggest that these six globular clusters are potentially associated with the satellite galaxies merged into the Milky Way. Second, we derived the morphological parameters of the red giant branch (RGB) from the near-infrared CMDs of 12 metal-poor globular clusters in the Galactic bulge. The photometric RGB shape indices such as colors at fixed magnitudes, magnitudes at fixed colors, and the RGB slope were measured for each cluster. The magnitudes of the RGB bump and tip were also estimated. The derived RGB parameters were used to examine the overall behavior of the RGB morphology as a function of cluster metallicity. The behavior of the RGB shape parameters was also compared with the previous observational calibration relation and theoretical predictions of the Yonsei-Yale isochrones. Our results of studies for stellar spatial distribution around globular clusters and the morphological properties of RGB stars in globular clusters could add further observational evidence of merging scenario of galaxy formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.103-116
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• 2010

Recently, the art of the Latin America Culture is being actively introduced into our country. Many concepts in the fashion field contain Latin American culture and their influence is growing. This present study, based on a correct understanding of and research on Latin American culture, is an attempt to expand the expression of fashion design and explore the use of works of art in fashion. The case study is on Frida Kahlo (1907~1954), who was a Mexican woman painter who gives us some inspiration in contemporary fashion design. The scope of this case study investigates the Haute couture and the Pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter women's wear collections and photos from 1998 to 2009 which were greatly influenced by Frida Kahlo and analyzes through the formative elements of dress, color, form, pattern and material. Frida Kahlo was a painter whose composition of surrealism held the world of life and death, pain and pleasure, love and parting, thought and freedom, and tradition and modern, etc. As a design inspiration, her influence reaches into accessories, and hairstyles, as well as the Pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter. This current study for the correct understanding of the new culture and the introduction of art into the fashion design might be helpful in making fashion a work of art and in extending the expression of the fashion design concept which is based on commercial art.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.697-707
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• 2019

This review paper deals with materials, classification, and a current article investigation on smart textile sensors for wearable vital signs monitoring (WVSM). Smart textile sensors can lose electrical conductivity during vital signs monitoring when applying them to clothing. Because they should have to endure severe conditions (bending, folding, and distortion) when wearing. Imparting electrical conductivity for application is a critical consideration when manufacturing smart textile sensors. Smart textile sensors fabricate by utilizing electro-conductive materials such as metals, allotrope of carbon, and intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs). It classifies as performance level, fabric structure, intrinsic/extrinsic modification, and sensing mechanism. The classification of smart textile sensors by sensing mechanism includes pressure/force sensors, strain sensors, electrodes, optical sensors, biosensors, and temperature/humidity sensors. In the previous study, pressure/force sensors perform well despite the small capacitance changes of 1-2 pF. Strain sensors work reliably at 1 ㏀/cm or lower. Electrodes require an electrical resistance of less than 10 Ω/cm. Optical sensors using plastic optical fibers (POF) coupled with light sources need light in-coupling efficiency values that are over 40%. Biosensors can quantify by wicking rate and/or colorimetry as the reactivity between the bioreceptor and transducer. Temperature/humidity sensors require actuating triggers that show the flap opening of shape memory polymer or with a color-changing time of thermochromic pigment lower than 17 seconds.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Natural convection heat transfer phenomena on a horizontal cylinder have been studied experimentally in order to investigate the applicability of analogy experimental methodology using a copper electroplating system and to visualize the local heat transfer rates depending on the angular position and the diameter of the horizontal cylinder. In the copper electroplating system, the copper ion produced at the anode moves by convection and diffusion to the cathode and reduces at the cathode, representing the heat transfer. By using aluminum cathode with a distinguishable color, the amount of copper plated could visualize the amount of heat transferred depending on the angular position of the cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder is varied from 0.01m to 0.15m, which correspond to Rayleigh numbers in the range of $1.73{\times}10^7$ to $5.69{\times}10^{11}$. The test results are in good agreement with existing heat transfer correlations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1038-1049
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• 2009

A hat is an important fashion accessory item for a total fashion coordination and the number of millineries is increasing in the current accessory market. This research provides basic information about the millinery in relation to consumer consumption behavior, preference, and satisfaction with hat products. A survey was conducted among 395 individuals age 20 and over who were quota sampled according to age and gender to investigate the differences between genders and different age groups. The collected data were statistically treated with the SPSS 12.0 program in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard error, cross tabulation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and a Duncan-test. The results are as follows: 1. Respondents wear hats for ornamental purposes regardless of the season. They discard hats when they become out of style 2 to 3 years after the purchase. 2. In general, consumers prefer the baseball cap design among various hat product categories. Achromatic colors were the favorite color tone and the preferred material was woven cloth. 3. Consumers were most satisfied with colors and most dissatisfied with deformation after laundering. 4. There was a significant difference in preferences among the different age groups. Younger consumers were more concerned about individual image and style. Older consumers considered hats as a functional means such as protecting themselves from the sun. 5. There was a significant gender difference. Compared to males, female consumers were more concerned about the quality of sewing and colorfastness than male consumers.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2017

In this study, ozone oxidation experiment was carried out for the removal of fluorescent whitening agent which is widely used in textile dyeing and paper industry. The stilbene fluorescent whitening agent has been industrialized since the earliest, and the amount of current production is the highest. Due to the characteristics of the fluorescent whitening agent that can not be removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods, the fluorescent whitening agent in wastewater treatment has difficulty in using as recycled water in the process. Pre-treatment ozone oxidation experiment was conducted prior to the introduction of Membrane Bio Reactor(MBR) treatment process by converting biodegradable materials into biodegradable materials. The removal efficiencies of fluorescent whitening agents, a diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid derivative by ozone oxidation were evaluated by $UV_{254}$ Scan, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and color using a synthetic wastewater sample ($COD_{Mn}=433.0mg/{\ell}$) and paper and paper mill wastewater ($COD_{Mn}=157.2mg/{\ell}$).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 2011

The present review was aimed to assess the feasibility of increasing the slaughter weight (SW) of finishing pigs. Growth performance, including ADG, ADFI and gain:feed, does not change significantly with increasing SW between 110 and $135{\pm}5kg$ in lean-genotype pigs, whereas in non-lean pigs, ADG and gain:feed decrease with increasing SW within the similar range of BW. Backfat thickness (BFT) and marbling of the carcass, which are greater in barrows than in gilts, increase with the increase of SW. The SW could be increased by using a low-energy diet and thereby reducing the rate of fat deposition per weight gain. The yield of the belly increases with the increase of SW, which may be economically significant in Korea. However, yields of some other primal cuts do not change so much as to affect the carcass value. The redness and fat content of the muscle increase slightly with the increase of SW whereas moisture content is minimally influenced by SW. Muscular protein content rarely changes, but sometimes increases slightly, with increasing SW. Other physicochemical characteristics, including lightness, pH, drip loss, and cooking loss of the muscle, are barely influenced by SW. Marbling of fresh loin and ham increases with increasing SW. Sensory characteristics of fresh loin, ham, and belly, including color, aroma, off-flavor, drip, and acceptability, are not influenced significantly by SW. The eating quality of cooked pork also has almost no relation to SW. In conclusion, it is thought that the current SW for moderately lean barrows and gilts can be raised up to 125 and 135 kg, respectively, with BFT at these weights predicted to be approximately 24 mm near the last rib, without compromising the meat quality.