• 대한간호
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

Because cancer is not curable, patients who suffer from the cancer disease may have physical, psychological and spiritual problems for the rest of their lives. Especially, when cancer patients do not have the meaning in their lives, they will experience spiritual distress seriously. This study was conducted to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to minimize the cancer patients' spiritual distress and understand the relationship between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress in cancer patients. The samples were composed of 62 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of three university hospital and one general hospital in Seoul. Data collection was carried out from January 10,1998 to May 30, 1998. Data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, LSD test and linear regression. The results were as follows; 1. The scores on the meaning of life scale ranged from 20 to 140 with a mean of 94. 16(Standard error: 2.79). 2. The scores on the spiritual distress scale ranged from 13 to 91 with a mean of 62. 29(Standard error: 1.38). 3. There were significant correlations between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress(r=.53. p=.00). 4. The linear regression analysis showed that the meaning of life explained 29% of the spiritual distress. 5. In the degree of the meaning of life and the spiritual distress according to the general characteristics, the level of the meaning of life in cancer patients were different by age(F=3. 42, p=.03), marriage status(F=6.06, p=.00), religion(F=4.21, p=.01), thought about treatment of cancer(F=3.76, p=.04). And the level of the spiritual distress in cancer patients were different by religion(F=7.56, p=.00). In conclusion, the meaning of life was identified as important variable that was contributed to reduce the spiritual distress in cancer patients.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 UV 경화형 폴리우레탄 아크릴레이트와 실리카 나노입자를 용매에 분산하여 간편한 스프레이 코팅을 통해 초발수 및 초발유 표면을 제작하였다. 용매의 종류, 고분자의 농도, 분사량 조절에 따른 코팅 표면 구조의 변화를 확인하였으며, 물과 오일의 접촉각 측정을 통해 초발수 및 초발유 특성을 정량화 하였다. 스프레이 코팅 표면의 re-entrant 구조를 분석하여 초발수 및 초발유 특성이 극대화된 스프레이 코팅의 메커니즘을 제시하였다. 최적화된 스프레이 코팅 조건을 적용하여 제조된 표면의 물과 오일의 접촉각 hysteresis는 각각 2°, 30° 이하이며 오일 방울이 표면에서 튈 정도로 우수한 초발수 및 초발유 특성을 보였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2013

Glycerol diglycidyl ether와 acrylic acid를 반응하여 지방족 에폭시 아크릴레이트를 합성하였다. 반응 경과는 적외선 분광법, 라만 분광법과 $^1H$ NMR로 분석하였다. 합성한 에폭시 아크릴레이트의 전자선 조사에 의한 경화거동을 조사하기 위해 전자선 조사량에 따른 시료의 분광 분석과 유리전이온도 분석, 인장 특성 등을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 약 30 kGy 정도의 저조사량에서 충분한 경화가 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 또한 합성한 에폭시 아크릴레이트는 점도가 낮아 용매 사용 없이 코팅용으로 사용하기에 적합하며, 경화 시편이 높은 광학적 투과도를 가지고 있어 광학적 투명도를 요구하는 전자선 경화형 광학필름 코팅용에 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.3051-3056
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• 2015

Background: Skin self-examination (SSE) may facilitate early diagnosis of melanoma at a potentially curable stage. Little data are available concerning the SSE frequency and knowledge about the symptoms of melanoma in non-patient populations. The aim of our study was to assess the performance of skin self-examination, recognition of potential melanoma symptoms as well as behavior related to sun exposure among web users in Poland. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among readers of a scientific portal. Invited respondents were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted on 4,919 surveys towards potential clinical signs of melanoma and SSE performance. Results: Approximately 60% of respondents had ever performed SSE in their life. Only 18.4 % declared performance on a regular, monthly, basis. Factors promoting this activity were established to be bigger place of residence, higher education and sensitive skin phototype, higher level of knowledge concerning melanoma, safe tanning rules and, especially, past surgical excision of naevi. Declared longer use of tanning beds was linked to understanding better the importance of clinical features of melanoma. Awareness of hazardous behavior during sunbathing is associated with the attempts to change them. Conclusions: Regular SSE is not a common practice, whilst the knowledge about the clinical features of melanoma is varied. Therefore, constant pressure should be put on promotion of regular skin self-examination and teaching its proper techniques, including familiarity with the ABCD (asymmetry; border; color; diameter) rule and its extension of "EFG" (elevated, firm, progressive growth) criteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3747-3751
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• 2016

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of chronic anovulation, obesity, and hyperandrogenism and can affect sexual function in women of reproductive age. It is also associated with endometrial cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and predisposing factors of sexual dysfunction in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 married women with a definite diagnosis of PCOS were recruited. Sexual function was assessed in the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain using the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire. Patients were also assessed for mental health using the depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21) questionnaire. Presence of hirsutism was assessed using the Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) scoring system. Demographic data were obtained from patients during in-person interview. Results: Sexual dysfunction was present in 62.5% of patients with the domains of arousal and lubrication particularly affected (93.8% and 87.5%, respectively). Patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly more likely to suffer sexual dysfunction than those without these symptoms (p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively). Patients with stress symptoms reported higher orgasm dysfunction than those without (p=0.02). No significant difference in any of the FSFI score domains was observed between patients with and without hirsutism. Conclusions: PCOS patients markedly suffer from sexual dysfunction and therefore it seems appropriate to be screened for intervention. Poor mental health conditions that may be the result of infertility or other complications of PCOS should also be considered as curable causes of sexual dysfunction in these patients.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2020

Purpose: This study is to compare and analyze the shrinkage of the specimen after UV irradiation of UV cured resin at 5, 15, and 30 minutes. Methods: A cylindrical UV cured specimen was produced using a stainless steel mold. UV cured resin specimens were prepared in three groups: 5 minutes cured (5M), 15 minutes cured (15M), and 30 minutes cured (30M). The measurement was made in total 3rd. The measurement was made in total 3rd. The primary measurement was made after 24 hours using a digital measuring instrument. The 2nd and 3rd measurements were deposited in a constant temperature water bath and the shrinkage was measured. The measured data was calculated by referring to the ASTM C326 linear measurement calculation method. T-test and One-way ANOVA were performed to test the significance between groups. The post-test was conducted with Tukey (α=0.05). Results: When the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the three groups not placed in the water bath were compared and analyzed, the contraction was the smallest at 6.8% in the 5M group, and the contraction was the largest at 7.3% in the 30M group. In the outer diameter, the contraction of the 5M group was the smallest at 3.5%, and the contraction of the 30M group was the largest at 4.5%. Shrinkage decreased in all three groups immersed in a water bath for 3-7 days. Conclusion: In the UV cured resin specimen, the shrinkage increased as the amount of UV irradiation increased.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2001

Purpose: A positive esophageal margin is encountered in a total gastrectomy not infrequently. The aim of this retrospective review was to evaluate whether a positive esophageal margin predisposes a patient to loco-regional recurrence and whether it has an independent impact on long-term survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 224 total gastrectomies for adenocarcinomas was undertaken. The Chisquare test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates. Significant differences in the survival rates were assessed using the log-rank test, and independent prognostic significance was evaluated using the Cox regression method. Results: The prevalence of esophageal margin involvement was $3.6\%$ (8/224). Univariate analysis showed that advanced stage (stage III/IV), tumor size ($\geq$5 cm), tumor site (whole or upper one-third of the stomach), macroscopic type (Borrmann type 4), esophageal invasion, esophageal margin involvement, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion affected survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNM stage, venous invasion, and esophageal margin involvement were the only significant factors influencing the prognosis. All patients with a positive esophageal margin died with metastasis before local recurrence became a problem. A macroscopic proximal distance of more than 6 cm of esophagus was needed to be free of tumors, excluding one exceptional case which involved 15 cm of esophagus. Conclusion: All of the patients with a positive proximal resection margin after a total gastrectomy had advanced disease with a poor prognosis, but they were not predisposed to anastomotic recurrence. Early detection and extended, but reasonable, surgical resection of curable lesions are mandatory to improve the prognosis.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2000

The arthritis patients suffer from psychological, social and spiritual problems as well as physical problems because the arthritis is not curable and has chronic pain, joint deformity, limitation of activity and physical dysfunction for all of his life. Especially if they do not find the meaning in their lives, they will experience spiritual distress seriously. Therefore, it is important that nurses help the patients to find the meaning in their lives and to reduce spiritual distress. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to minimize the arthritis patients' spiritual distress and understand the relationship between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress in arthritis patients. The samples were composed of 157 arthritis patients. Data collection was carried out from October 1, 1998 to February 28, 1999. Data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, linear regression. The results were as follow; 1. The scores on the meaning of life scale ranged from 51 to 130 with a mean of 93. 2. The scores on the spiritual distress scale ranged from 26 to 91 with a mean of 60. 3. There were significant correlations between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress(r=.53, p=.00). 4. The linear regression analysis showed that the meaning of life explained 13% of the spiritual distress. 5. In the degree of the meaning of life and the spiritual distress according to the general characteristics, the level of the meaning of life in arthritis patients was different by the duration of incidence(F=2.71, p=.03). In conclusion, the nursing intervention strategies to reduce the spiritual distress in arthritis patients must take into account the meaning of life.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2018

Objectives: To examine survivorship disparities in demographic factors and risk status for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which accounts for more than 75% of all urinary bladder cancers, but is highly curable with early identification and treatment. Methods: We used the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries over a 19-year period (1988-2006) to examine survivorship disparities in age, sex, race/ethnicity, and marital status of patients and risk status classified by histologic grade, stage, size of tumor, and number of multiple primary tumors among NMIBC patients (n=29 326). We applied Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard methods for survival analysis. Results: Among all urinary bladder cancer patients, the majority of NMIBCs were in male (74.1%), non-Latino white (86.7%), married (67.8%), and low-risk (37.6%) to intermediate-risk (44.8%) patients. The mean age was 68 years. Survivorship (in median life years) was highest for non-Latino white (5.4 years), married (5.4 years), and low-risk (5.7 years) patients (K-M analysis, p<0.001). We found significantly lower survivorship for elderly, male (female hazard ratio [HR], 0.96), Latino (HR, 1.20), and unmarried (married HR, 0.93) patients. Conclusions: Survivorship disparities were ubiquitous across age, sex, race/ethnicity, and marital status groups. Non-white, unmarried, and elderly patients had significantly shorter survivorship. The implications of these findings include the need for a heightened focus on health policy and more organized efforts to improve access to care in order to increase the chances of survival for all patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6027-6032
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• 2012

Purpose: To identify cancer patient and relatives beliefs, information needs, information-seeking behavior and information sources about cancer and treatment. Methods: This research was conducted at two hospitals of a university. Data was collected via questionnaires and the Turkish version of the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS) to assess information-seeking behavior. The sample included 82 patients and 54 relatives. Results: Patients were receiving treatment mostly for breast, gynecologic, lung cancer and leukemia/ lymphoma. All of them indicated that they want to be informed by a doctor about their diagnosis and treatment first. Other information sources were internet, media and nurses. The majority of the patients and half of their relatives agreed that "cancer is curable and preventable disease". Only 2.5% of patients agreed with the statement "I don't want to get information about disease which disturbs me". According the data obtained from MBSS; the mean patients MBSS score ($6.41{\pm}3.2$) was higher than their relatives ($5.46{\pm}3.1$). Respondents with higher education and younger age indicated more information-seeking behavior. Conclusions: Patients and their relatives differ in some of their information-seeking behavior. Patients beliefs and their strategies for coping with their illness can constrain their wish for information and their efforts to obtain it. Healthcare professionals need to assess and be sensitive to the information-seeking behavior of cancer patients and their relatives.