• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2001

It is well known, for many years, that deep drawability can be improved by applying variable blank holding force. To apply variable blank holding force during cup drawing, we set up cushion pressure control system on the hydraulic press, and the pressure control system is often called NC(Numerically Controlled) cushion system. A cushion pressure control experiment was carried out using the NC cushion and it was shown that the proposed system produced good performance. The comparison of drawability of square cups with and without NC cushion showed that the drawability could be greatly improved when S-shaped pressure curve was applied. This paper includes design details of the NC cushion system and experimental analysis of drawability with NC cushion system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.301-301
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• 2000

It is well known, for many years, that deep drawability ,can be improved by applying variable blank holding force. To apply variable blank holding force during cup during, we set up pressure controlling system on experimental hydraulic press, and the pressure control system is often called NC(Numerically Controlled} cushion system. Using the NC cushion system we carry out pressure control experiment and the proposed structure shows good performance. And we compare drawability of square steel cups with NC cushion and that with conventional cushion. The results show drawability is greatly improved when the pressure control curve is designed in a S-shaped curve. This paper includes design details of the NC cushion system and experimental analysis of drawability with experimental NC cushion system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 1998

The Z-map model which is quite similar to the non-parametric patch is widely used to describe the shape of a surface because of its simplicity. Despite the inherent advantage of z-map model. it has drawbacks that there exists difficulty in expressing the vertical walls and its related contact treatment method. In the region of vertical walls, there is a convergence problem in searching the contact point. In this study a contact point finding scheme is presented, based on the z value of the z-map model on the sheet normal direction. To show the utility of this scheme a compared with the experimental results. The effects of the Z-map grid distances and the interpolations of the inside Z-map value are also discussed.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.714-719
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• 1998

Obligate bacterial parasite attacking Heterodera glycines was firstly found from Chungju soybean field in Korea. Diameters of sporangium and central body were 5.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1.9 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ under light microscopy (LM), and 3.9 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Endospore showed cup-shaped with smooth-type exosporium without peg-like thickening in polar area under SEM and TEM. Bacteria completed its life cycle in female of soybean cyst nematode after adhering on cuticle of second-stage juvenile. From these results, the Pasteuria found from Chungju was identified with P. nishizawae.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1997

Experimental studies have been carried out to obtain uniform cups by one operation of backward extrusion. A lot of factors on dimensional accuracy of backward extruded cups are billet material, billet shape, punch shape, punch velocity, geometry of tool, tool material, and lubrication etc. In manufacturing cup-shaped parts by backward extrusion, it is very important to design the initial billet shape or the preform. The objective of this paper is to find that the shape of the initial billet is related to dimensional accuracy and also to manufacture the more accurate product simultaneously reducing the loss of material as forming the shape of the initial billet by means of upsetting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.50-66
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• 2010

This Shanghai region study is a sample survey of female college students in their early 20s. This study collected and analyzed the information of shapes through a direct contact survey to understand the breast figures and the measurements of bodies to provide basic information to improve brassiere production for adult females in China. Data was analyzed through a SAS 9.0. The characteristic of the final brassiere pattern that had been corrected and complemented from the results of the $l^{st},\;2^{nd},\;3^{rd}$, and $4^{th}$ fitting tests is defined as a brassiere inserted with a round wire that has the 3/4cup to wrap the bust area by about 3/4. It consists of an upper and lower nonwoven fabric cup that has a flat-shaped wing of a circular dart. The drawing method of the pattern of this brassiere is applied with the conditions to cover the body naturally under the diverse and organic relations of the material factor of stretch material and wire, functional factor, and sewing factor. The final pattern is created as a bigger angle of wing pattern and a short inner side diameter because there are more Chinese women with a back of bending figure compared to Korean women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop designs and patterns of a functional brassiere. For this purpose, women who have protruding and drooping breasts with 75B for their brassiere size were sampled. The fitting test for the fitness and function of test brassiere and control brassiere were carried out twice and compared the results from the both in terms of front, rear and side looks. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The results from measuring the level of sag and spread, and volume and protrusion of breasts shows that there are some distinctive differences in the measurements before and after wearing the test brassiere and the test brassiere is proved to be very effective in correcting breasts' shapes. 2. Front look: Since the two front cutting lines of the test brassiere served to have the curved main part pressing against the breasts, it could support breasts to more than satisfactory level. In addition, upperline panel and side panels of the test brassiere were found to have the upperline of the upper cup pressed against the breasts and at the same time it pressed and gathered the flab around upper part of the breasts and armpits that helped to rearrange the shape of the breasts. It is also proved that the two-pieced test brassier was found to be more functional in supporting the lower cup of the breasts. 3. Rear look: The test brassier was made up of two wide U-shaped wings with 2.5cm tape on its lower sides. Each wing has 4 lines and 3 hems (5.5cm). For this reason, the test brassiere was tighter and better fitted on its back. 4. Side look and entire look: The wings of the test brassiere might look wider than that of the control brassier which has conventional straight-shaped wings, but it was analyzed that the test brassiere held the upper and lower sides of the wings more effectively to be more pressed against the breast. Therefore, the test brassiere scored higher in terms of adjusting to body movements, while the control brassiere looked better in overall terms. 5. The functional brassier fur protruding and drooping breasts developed from the experiments of this study is a full side stretch brassiere which covers the entire breasts satisfactorily. The pattern drafting methods are suggested in to .

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.258-262
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• 2011

Embryogenic callus was induced from the cultures of immature embryos of Camellia japonica L. on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) solid medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), and then the embryogenic callus was proliferated on same medium for 4 weeks over. The embryogenic callus was sub-cultured on MS basal medium without 2,4-D to produce coyledonary stage of somatic embryo. The frequency (%) of somatic embryogenesis was 25.1%, and the majority of somatic embryos formed had a abnormal morphology with cupshaped cotyledon (48.3%), one cotyledon (12.6%), three cotyledons (9.4%), four cotyledons (1.9%), whereas was only normal morphology with two cotyledon (27.5%). When the somatic embryos with normal or abnormal cotyledons transfer to MS basal medium or $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium with/or without plant growth regulators ($GA_3$, IBA) for regeneration, the frequency (%) of two-cotyledon embryos regenerated into plantlets was higher 11.1% than one cotyledon (0.0~8.3 %), three cotyledons (0.0~5.8%), four cotyledons (0.0%), cup-shaped (0.3~4.2%). These results demonstrated that the anomalous cotyledons of somatic embryos could caused to decrease the rate of plant regeneration.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.260-273
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• 1998

A new blank design method is proposed to predict the optimum initial blank shape in the sheet metal forming process. The rollback method for blank shape design takes the difference between final deformed shaped and target contour shape into account. Based on the method a computer program composed of blank design module FE-analysis program and mesh generation module is developed. The rollback method is applied to square cup drawing process with the flange of unifiorm size around its periphery to confirm its validity. The optimum initial blank shape is obtained from an arbitrary square blank after three modification. Good agreements are recognized between the numerical results and the published results for initial blank shape and thickness strain distribution. The optimum blank shape for two parts of automobile sub-frame is designed, The thickness distribution and the level of punch load is improved. Also the method is applied to design the weld line in the tailor-welded blank. It is concluded that the rollback method is an effective and convenient method for an optimum blank shape design.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

The newly recorded species, Crepidomanes schmidtianum (Zenker ex Tasch.) K. Iwats. (Hymenophyllaceae) was collected from forests in Mt. Jirisan, Baegmu-dong, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam- do. C. schmidtianum (vernacular name: 'Du-me-goe-bul-i-kki') was distinguished from other Korean congeners of the genus Crepidomanes by having pseudo-vein, almost wingless in stipe, and involucres cup shaped with dilated. A new Korean name, 'Du-me-goe-bul-i-kki', was given based on its habitat. Descriptions and illustrations of this taxon and its photograph in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Crepidomanes from Korea.