• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2003

An aquaculture system for feeding the caged fishes in the open water is suggested for ocean application. Survival and operation conditions are defined at the conceptual design. Wave and current drag forces are discussed to determine the proper dimension of the aquaculture system and the related mooring system. Second order wave drift force at the survival condition is the dominant force, which be reduced by minimizing the superstructure open to the surface. Automation in feeding, sorting, cleaning is introduced to use the ongoing technology for quality product. The suggested system has advantage compared to onshore culturing, but not to shallow water culturing system. There is room for real application in future by the countries, such as Korea and Japan, which are in short of fish supply and have willingness to venture towards the ocean aquaculture.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an uncommon cause of septic arthritis in adults. However, late detection can cause serious complications, including joint destruction and immobility. The purpose of this study was to report a case of successfully treated septic arthritis of the hip joint (SAHJ) caused by K. pneumoniae. A 49-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with fever and progressive severe pain in the right hip area. Although there was no abnormality on plain radiographs, ultrasonography revealed diffuse swelling of the right hip joint. Under ultrasonography guidance, the hip joint fluid was aspirated, and Gram staining and culturing were performed. The patient's pain was significantly reduced after the joint aspiration. The Gram staining and culturing revealed gram-negative bacilli, which were subsequently identified as K. pneumoniae. According to the results, systemic intravenous antibiotic (ceftriaxone) was administered without complications, and the patient was discharged on oral antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). Clinical cases of septic arthritis of the knee or sacroiliac joint have been occasionally reported in adults, but cases of SAHJ are rare. Moreover, K. pneumonia-induced SAHJ has not been reported to date. Therefore, we report this very rare case and its successful treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 1995

The standardization of test procedures and reproducibility of the toxicity data are prerequisite for the toxicity testing with the earthworm culturing in the laboratory. No in-depth study on culturing conditions of earthworms has been conducted in Korea, even of massive cultural practice is common for composting and production of biochemicals. The earthworms, Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia foetida, were cultured in three kinds of artificial soil substrates(I, II and III) based on the OECD Guideline, which consist of different ratios of components (sand, sphagnum peat and kaolinite), and fed with a mixture of grain powders. During the period of culturing, the body weight and reproduction parameters were measured. L. rubellus showed the best results for increasing body weight and cocoon production in the artificial soil substrate(I) compared with E. foetida. The cocoon production was significantly high in both species cultured in the artificial soil substrate(I) among the three kinds of soil substrates, but the cumulative cocoon production of L. rubellus was 11 cocoon per worm compared with 3.7 cocoons per worm of E.foetida. L. rubellus, therefore, was more prolific than E. foetida in these culture schemes. The cumulative mortality in both species was less than 10%, and the number of juvenile worms per cocoon ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 and thus did not show any relationships with soil substrates or species. From these data, the culture of L. rubellus in the laboratory could be standardized, but for E. foetida, further study would be necessary to establish the optimal growth conditions in the laboratory.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.373-377
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• 1999

This study was designed to develop functional drink from jujube extract through a simple submerged culture of three basidiomycetes species. The optimum Brix and pH of the jujube extract for culturing the Ganoderma lucidum appeared to be 5 Brix and pH 4. Ten days of culture period produced maximum mycelium. The optimum Brix and pH of the jujube extract for culturing the Coriolus versicolor appeared to be 5 Brix and pH 5. Ten days of culture period produced maximum mycelium. The optimum Brix and pH of the jujube extract for culturing the Phellinus igniarius appeared to be 3 Brix and pH 5. For the maximum mycelial production eighteen days of culture period was required for Phellinus igniarius. The antitumor activity of the polysaccharides extracted from the fermented drinks was demonstrated through the tumor cell line experiments. The $IC_{50}$ values of the jujube drinks fermented with Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus igniarius against stomach cancer cell line appeared to be one fourth that of the jujube drink which was not fermented with basidiomycetes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) ${\times}$ 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid $5^{\circ}C$ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was $5^{\circ}C$, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in $GA_3$ 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

In order to develop an efficient micropropagation technique for an endangered species, Stellera rosea N., stem node cultures were conducted on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins. Generally, BA was better than zeatin on shoot proliferation from stem nodes, whereas zeatin showed more effective on shoot elongation. In vitro rooting of shoots was achieved by application of an auxin pre-culturing method. Overall rooting rate was relatively low and differed depending on the culture period. Pre-culturing of shoots for 15 days at 1.0mg/L IBA revealed a slightly better rooting efficiency reaching 30％ rooting rate than NAA. Root induction rate by NAA also varied with concentration of NAA and culture periods. Total 51％ of the rooted plantlets survived on artificial soil mixture and grew normally without any distinct morphological variation. The results suggest that the endangered Stetllera plants are propagated via in vitro culture system, but still need to more study for the improvement of rooting and acclimatization of the plantlets in soil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1976

In order to find effective seed collection method from cultivated Porphyra, benthic diatom elimination, culturing conditions of Conchocelis, liberation of conchospores and treatment of the fronds to obtain monospores have been studied. Elimination of benthic diatoms from Porphyra fronds is successfully performed by careful brushing the fronds in sea water and freshwater alternatively. For the culturing of Conchocelis Schleiber's solution enriched with only soil extracts, vitamins and Fe-EDTA was satisfactory. Growth under 16 hours illumination is 1.29 times faster than those under 10 hours illumination. When the culturing water was airated the growth was $1.41\~l.50$ times faster than the growth in stagnant water. Total amount of conchospores liberated from Conchocelis which has been cultured under airation was much more than those of conchospores under stagnant condition. Effective liberation of monospores was observed in the fronds which have been dried in air for 6 hours $(21.23\~24.19\%\;water\;content)$.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2006

From 2002 to 2004, various vibrios were isolated from the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus of culturing size with disease signs. During this survey, it was known that the high proportion of Vibrio ichthyoenteri was occupied among the isolated vibrios. Generally, V. ichthyoenteri is well known as the pathogen of bacterial enteritis of olive flounder larvae. The aim of the present study was the compare the characteristics of two groups of V. ichthyoenteri, culturing sized olive flounder, and larvae of olive flounder showing the intestinal necrosis. The research was focused on the physiology, biochemistry, genetics in the two bacterial groups. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the tested strains were very similar. The intergenic spacer (IGS) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of 21 isolated strains and 3 reference strains, V. ichthyoenteri, were investigated by PCR fragment length typing and DNA sequencing. After the isolated strains were identified as V. ichthyoenteri, not only phenotypic characteristics of the isolated and reference strains but also homology of 16S-23S IGS of all isolated strains and reference strains as 99.1~100%. The V. ichthyoenteri showed 4 specific 16S-23S patterns and contained no-tRNA, tRNAGlu(TTC) , tRNAIle(GAT) tRNAAla(TGC) type .

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1991

Mass mortality of Halocynthia roretzi has been occurred in culturing grounds of southern coast of Korea during the long period of summer drought and the unusal high water temperature in 1988. Especially Halocynthia roretzi was damaged severely in 2 years group. Therefore we verified these phenomena by observing the environmental factors of culturing grounds and by evaluating oxygen consumption rate in indoor experiment. In culturing grounds, the mortality rate was high in Namhae Mizo area where water temperature was the highest and the lowest in dissolved oxygen concentration as low as 3.76m/l in field observation. In indoor experiment, the higher the water temperature, the more mortality was occurred and the salinity above 30 had no effect on its mortality. In oxygen consumption rate experiment, the smaller needs more oxygen than larger one, i. e., oxygen demand per unit weight was higher in 2 years group than that of 3 years. The theoretical and the actual minimum oxygen demands(MOB) for preventing asphixation was 3.7ml/kg/h at $20^{\circ}C$ and 6.3ml/kg/h gat $25^{\circ}C$, But actual MOD was 4.3ml/kg/h at $25^{\circ}C$ in indoor experiment. It seemed that mass mortality of Halocynthia roretzi in summer was caused by metabolism disorder due to insufficient oxygen level influenced by the high water temperature and the high density of Halocynthia roretzi, which results in the paucity of oxygen especially in 2 years groups.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1764-1768
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• 2009

This study was carried out to examine a concentration of steroid hormones and in vitro development of mouse embryos in culture supernatant of bovine granulosa cells (GC). To obtain the culture supernatant, granulosa cells were retrieved from mature follicles (6~15 mm diameter) and immature follicles (2~5 mm diameter) of bovine ovary and were cultured, respectively, in media of Ham's F-10 with 15% FCS for 16 days. Mature and immature granulosa cells formed their monolayers easily and showed similar growth patterns in culturing. There was no morphological difference between mature and immature granulosa cells. High levels of both progesterone and estradiol were detected in the culture supernatant of mature granulosa cells and immature granulsa cells, and the endocrine profiles of the two types of cells were similar. Progesterone secretion of granulosa cells was high in the late stage of culturing and estradiol secretion was high in the early stage of culturing. In vitro development rates of mouse embryos to morula, blastocyst and hatched blastocyst were significantly (p<0.05) higher in culture supernatant of mature granulosa cells (92.7%, 78.1% and 34.5%) and in culture supernatant of immature granulosa cells (96.4%, 78.5% and 26.8%) than in Ham's F-10 (86.7%, 41,7% and 13.3%). However, there was no difference between the culture supernatant of mature granulosa cells and the culture supernatant of immature granulosa cells in the development of embryos.