• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the production and marketing control effects of aqua-cultured flounder required for stable income growth of aqua-cultured household. We analyzed the supply and demand structure of cultured flounder using the partial equilibrium model approach. And we estimated the optimal yield of cultured flounder and analyzed the effect of marketing control through constructed model. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the fitness and predictive power of the estimated model showed that the RMSPE and MAPE values were less than 5% and Theil's inequality coefficient was very close to 0 rather than 1. It was evaluated that the prediction ability of the aqua-cultured flounder supply and demand model by dynamic simulation was excellent. Second, dynamic simulation based on policy simulation was conducted to analyze the price increase effect of production and shipment control of cultured flounder. As a result, if the annual production volume is reduced by 1%, 5%, and 10% among 32,852~37,520 tons, it is analyzed that the price increase effect is from 1.2% to 12.5%. Finally, this study suggests that the production and marketing control can increase the price of aqua-cultured flounder in the market. In this paper, we propose a policy implementation of the total supply system instead of conclusions.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.4 s.13
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• pp.59-68
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• 1990

Juices prepared from carrots, apples, and mandarin oranges were fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides or along with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH of the fermented juices was not found significantly different between the mixed and single-cultured groups. The juices containing 0.5% NaCl had lower pH than the groups without 0.5% NaCl. The final pH of the single-cultured gruops was the highest among the sample groups. However, reducing sugar content of the mixed-cultured groups was lower than that of the single-cultured groups. The viable cells of the mixed-cutured groups were remarkably increased until 3 days of storage, and after 6 days they were gradually decreased. The results of the sensory evaluation demonstrated acidic, salty and alcoholic flavors were significantly different among the groups. The single-cultured group without salt was significantly more acidic than the non-pasteurized control group. The mixed-cultured group with salt was significantly more alcoholic than the group without salt and control groups. The non-pasteurized control group was significantly more homogeneous than the mixed-cultured groups and single-cultured group with salt. Preference ranking test showed that flavor and overall acceptability of the fermented juices was significantly different among the groups. Flavor of the single-cultured group without salt was found significantly better than those of the groups with salt. With the respect of overall acceptability, the single-cultured group without salt was significantly more acceptable than the non-pasteurized control group and the mixed-cultured group with salt.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1990

The role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as an intermediate in interrelation between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis was studied in suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. Exogenous SAM stimulated the polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in 4 day-cultured cells, which were in active cell divisions, and 10 day cultured cells, which went on with active cell elongation and senescence. SAM-induced ethylene production was more effective in 10 day-cultured cells than in 4 day-cultured cells, but SAM-induced polyamine biosynthesis was more effective in 4 day-cultured cells than in 10 day-cultured cells. Polyamine contents were increased by the blockage of ethylene biosynthetic pathway in the conversion of SAM to ethylene via 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylinc acid (ACC) with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Also, ethylene production was increased by the inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis such as methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), $\alpha$-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) and $\alpha$-difluoromethylorinithine (DFMO). These results suggest that there may be interrelations between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis for the competition of SAM and the inherent mechanism of switch on-off in polyamine and ethylene biosynthetic activity with the progress of cell growth and senescence.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.76-81
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• 2023

As cultured plant cells can grow in high oxidative stress conditions, they form an excellent system to study antioxidant mechanisms and the mass production of antioxidants. Oxidative stress is a major cause of damage in plants exposed to various types of environmental stress, including heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd). Heavy metal accumulation can interfere with many cell functions and plant growth. To evaluate the contribution of oxidative stress to Cd-induced toxicity, cultured sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Cd (0, 10, 25, and 50 μM) and cultured further. Cell growth was significantly inhibited by 25 and 50 μM of Cd, and the total protein content increased with 50 μM of Cd. Additionally, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), antioxidant enzymes that remove hydrogen peroxide (a reactive oxygen species), increased in the cells after treatment with 50 μM of Cd. The expression analysis of POD, APX, and peroxiredoxin (PRX) isolated from sweetpotato cultured cells in a previous study revealed the differential expression of POD in response to Cd. In this study, the expression levels of several acidic POD (swpa2, swpa3, and swpa4) and basal POD (swpb1, swpb2, and swpb3) genes were increased in Cd-treated cultured cells. These results indicate that Cd-mediated oxidative stress is closely linked to improved POD-mediated antioxidant defense capacity in sweetpotato suspension-cultured cells.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1191-1198
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• 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of the top of a low intake of root, through the analysis of the antioxidant activity of the powder of hydroponic-cultured ginseng. Quality characteristics and antioxidant activity were compared and analyzed with Korea's traditional dessert Gaeseong-Juak, which is made of the powder of hydroponic-cultured ginseng's leaf by adjusting the added volume. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the hydroponic-cultured ginseng by the part powder was in the following order: highly stem, leaf and root. It was measured as 67.9%, 42.9%, and 25.9% at the 1 mg/m level. Gaeseong-Juak was prepared by adding hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf powder at 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% of the rice powder. As the content of hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf powder increased, moisture content, L-value, and a-value were significantly decreased, while the b-value was significantly increased. The texture profile analysis of Gaeseong-Juak was not significantly different among the samples. In the sensory test, the sample containing 0.6% hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf powder achieved good scores. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Gaeseong-Juak was significantly increased, as the addition level increased, compared to the original. Based on the above results, hydroponic-cultured ginseng leaf was verified to be a possible natural antioxidant. It can increase food's nutritional values and possibilities when made of hydroponic-cultured ginseng, using leaf which is added to the traditional dessert Gaeseong-Juak.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.411-416
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• 2009

Proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of cultured and wild mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscles were compared. Protein content ranged from approximately 16% to 18% and was higher in wild fish than in cultured ones. Lipid content was between two to four times higher in large and small cultured fish (20.1-20.5%) compared with same sized wild fish. The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) class in fish muscles was triglyceride, and additionally, free sterol was among the prominent NL classes in wild fish muscles. Prominent phospholipid (PL) classes in cultured and wild fish muscles were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, with the former being higher in cultured fish and the latter higher in wild fish. Prominent fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 16:1n-7, 18:0 and 14:0, while 18:2n-6 was among the prominent fatty acids in cultured fish. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, DHA+EPA) content (in mg/100 g of muscle tissue) was higher in cultured fish (2,711 mg in large fish and 2,572 mg in small fish) than in wild fish (2,431 mg in large fish and 1,398 mg in small fish). In conclusion, we have been able to demonstrate that cultured mackerel could also be a good sources of n-3 PUFA, such as DHA and EPA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to explore the role and effect of ginsenosides Rg1 on osteoblasts cultured with Ti particles. Osteoblasts from neonatal rats were cultured with particles and different doses of Rg1, the main active ingredient in ginsenosides Rg1. We found that the COX-2, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1, and IL -6 concentrations in the medium of cells cultured with Ti particles significantly increased as compared with that of the control cells (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, cells cultured with Ti particles alone exhibited the highest concentrations of these molecules. The $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1, and IL-6 levels in the medium of cells cultured with Rg1 were in between those of the control cells and the cells cultured with Ti particles alone. The IL-1ra level in the group cultured with Ti and medium-dose Rg1 was the highest followed by the cells cultured with Ti and high-dose Rg1 and those cultured with Ti and low-dose Rg1 (p<0.05). In conclusion, ginsenosides can reduce the levels of infl ammatory cytokines produced by osteoblasts on induction with Ti particles and can prevent prosthesis loosening.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.664-678
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• 2023

To improve culture efficiency of Hanwoo myosatellite cells, these cells were cultured at different temperatures. Hanwoo myosatellite cells were compared with C2C12 cells to observe proliferation and differentiation at culture temperatures of 37℃ and 39℃ and determine the possibility of using them as cultured meat. Immunofluorescence staining using Pax7 and Hoechst, both cells cultured at 37℃ proliferated better than cultured at 39℃ (p < 0.05). When differentiated cells were stained with myosin and Hoechst, there was no significant difference in myotube thickness and Fusion index (p > 0.05). In Western blotting analysis, Hanwoo myosatellite cells were no significant difference in the expression of myosin between cells differentiated at the two temperatures (p > 0.05). C2C12 cells were no significant difference in the expression of myosin between cells differentiated at the two temperatures (p > 0.05). In reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, Hanwoo myosatellite cells cultured at 39℃ had significantly (p < 0.05) higher expression levels of MyHC, MYF6, and MB than those cultured at 37℃. C2C12 cells cultured at 39℃ showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher expression levels of MYOG and MB than those cultured at 37℃. To increase culture efficiency of Hanwoo myosatellite cells, proliferating at 37℃ and differentiating at 39℃ are appropriate. Since results of temperature differences of Hanwoo myosatellite cells were similar to those of C2C12 cells, they could be used as a reference for producing cultured meat using Hanwoo satellite cells.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2005

We used nine decamer primers to generate DNA fragment sizes ranging from 100 bp to 1,600 bp from two bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) populations of Dangjin in Korea. 376 fragments were identified in the cultured bullhead population, and 454 in the population of wild bullhead from Dangjin: 287 specific fragments $(76.3\%)$ in the cultured bullhead population and 207 $(45.6\%)$ in the wild bullhead population. On average, a decamer primer was used to generate 34.2 amplified products in a cultured bullhead. A RAPD primer was used to generate an average of 3.1 amplified bands per sample, ranging between 2.5 and 6.0 fragments in this population. Nine primers also generated 24 polymorphic fragments (24/376 fragment, $6.4\%$) in the cultured bullhead population, and 24 (24/454 fragments, $5.2\%$) in the wild bullhead population. The OPA-16 primer, notably, produced which 11 out of 11 bands $(100\%)$ were monomorphic in the wild bullhead population. 110 intra-population-specific fragments, with an average of 12.2 per primer, were observed in the cultured bullhead population. 99 fragments, with an average of 11.0 per primer, were identified in the wild bullhead. Especially, 55 inter-population-common fragments, with an average of 6.1 per primer, were observed in the two bullhead populations. The bandsharing value (BS value) of individuals within the wild bullhead population was substantially higher than was determined in the cultured bullhead population. The average bandsharing value was $0.596\pm0.010$ within the cultured bullhead population,. and $0.657\pm0.010$ within the wild bullhead population. The dendrogram obtained with the nine primers indicates two genetic clusters, designated cluster $1\;(CULTURED\;01\~CULTURED\;11)$, and cluster $2\;(WILD\;12\~WILD\;22)$. Ultimately, the longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was determined to exist between individuals in the two bullhead populations, namely between individuals WILD no. 19 of the wild bullhead population and CULTURED no. 03 of the cultured bullhead population (genetic distance = 0.714). RAPD-PCR allowed us to detect the existence of population discrimination and genetic variation in Korean population of bullhead. This finding indicates that this method constitutes a suitable tool for DNA comparison, both within and between individuals, populations, species, and genera.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 1996

When reserpine-producing cell strains of Rauwolfia serpentina were transferred from the dark to the light irradiation, the production of reserpine was extremely enhanced whereas the cell growth was suppressed. In an incubation period of 20 days, the most effective culture condition for reserpine production was the combination of 8 days of dark culture and following 12 days of light culture. The time courses of both cell growth and reserpine production were measured in vitro in order to clarify the effect of wave length range of light on the biosynthesis of reserpine. Although the growth of cultured cells which had been incubated under continuous red, yellow, and green lights, respectively, was similar to that of the cultured cells subcultured in the dark. The cells cultured under red light irradiation produced less reserpine than dark-grown cultures. Both blue and near-ultraviolet light inhibited the growth of cultured cells. The production of reserpine was strikingly enhanced by blue light, but was strongly inhibited by near-ultraviolet light.