• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2018

진균류 유래의 ${\beta}$-glucan은 pathogen-associated molecular patterns의 일종이기도 하며 면역촉진과 항암작용을 나타냄이 알려져 있지만 세포 내 신호전달에 관해서는 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 대식세포주인 RAW264.7 세포에 불로초에서 추출한 ${\beta}$-glucan을 처리하였을 때 세포막에서는 덱틴-1, toll-like receptor 2, 4, 6의 발현이 증가되었으며, 세포 내에서는 macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-$1{\beta}$, MIP-$1{\gamma}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 그리고 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$의 발현이 증가되었다. 또한 대식세포주에 불로초의 ${\beta}$-glucan과 PI3K 또는 MEK1/MEK2 억제제를 각각 처리하였을 때에 세포 내의 MIP-1a, MIP-$1{\beta}$, MIP-$1{\gamma}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$의 발현이 감소되었다. 따라서 불로초의 ${\beta}$-glucan은 대식세포에서 MyD88의 경로인 PI3K/Akt를 경유할 뿐만 아니라 MEK 경로를 활성화시킴으로써 다양한 면역조절작용이 가능한 것으로 여겨진다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2003

Background : Nowadays many researches about it s cure are going on world widely since cancer is one of the most human health threatening diseases. In Chinese and North Korean medicine, Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. is practically used to treat many kinds of cancer, but in Korea it is rarely used. So, we need to scientifically identify anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. Objective : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. on the stomach cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Material & Methods : We used AGS as stomach cancer cells from American Type Culture Collection. We added the boiled extract of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. $5{\mu}l$(Sample I), $10{\mu}l$(Sample II) to cultural media(ml)for 0,6, 12, 24, 48 hours. We measured the killing effect on stomach cancer cells through Tryphan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells via MTT assay. the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine their effect on the revelation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax, which are genes related to apoptosis. We measured change of mitochondria membrane permeability and membrane potential via flow cytometry. Result : 1. The killing effect on stomach cancer cells showed that each test groups killed more stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later) and density dependent manner, which was statistical significance. 2. The suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells showed that each test groups had more suppressive effects on viability of stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later), which was statistical significance. 3. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased with a density manner which was statistical significance. but the revelation of Bax was not changed with statistical significance. 4. As a result of this test, Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. caused apoptosis by decreasing the absorbance of mitochondria with statistical significance. and also induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria. Conclusion : This experiment showed that Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. has anti-tumor effect with statistical significance. This is in vitro experiment and basic experiment on Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. We hope more progressive researchs on Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. will go on and its anti-tumor effects will be more practically identified.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.469-481
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• 2014

본 연구진은 신규 미생물인 Nocardia sp. CS682 균주에서 항균물질인 nargenicin을 확보하고, 그 유도체 5종을 확보하여 그람양성, 음성 및 다약제 내성균에 대한 항균 효능 및 LPS로 자극된 대식세포에서의 nitric oxide 생성 억제능을 확인하였다. Nargenicin 유도체들은 nargenicin 및 vancomycin에 비교하여 우수한 항균 활성을 보여주었으며, compound 4 및 5는 광범위한 항균 효능 외에 nitric oxide 생성 억제능을 보여 항균-항염효과를 가지는 dual effector로써 감염, 면역 질환에 응용 가능성을 시사하였다. Nargenicin 유도체들은 향후 염증반응에서의 면역 조절 기작에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2010

이전의 연구에서 참가리비(Patinopecten yessoensis) 인공종묘생산 중 수질관리를 위해 주기적으로 실시하는 환수(전량환수)가 scuticociliates 감염을 촉진 할수 있다는 가능성을 제기하였다. 본 연구에서는 수질과 scuticociliates 감염을 고려한 최적 환수 횟수를 결정하고자 하였으며, 유생성장, 생존, scuticociliates 발생을 1차 기준으로 하였으며, 부가하여 중간 육성장으로 이동하여 성장 및 기형 발생율을 2차기준으로 조사하였다. 5일 간격의 환수(3T)가 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 잦은 환수(5T)는 수질 개선에도 불구하고 성장 둔화가 확인되었으며, 이것은 scuticociliates의 감염과 연관이 있는 것으로 보였다. 9일간격의 환수(1T) 역시 성장둔화를 보였으며, 5T 실험구와 더불어 중간육성이후 성장 둔화(통계적 유의성 없음)와 비정상 발생을 유발하였다. 본 연구결과 최적 환수간격은 5-7일 사이로 나타났다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

No educational provision for the gifted and talented works in a cultural vacuum, and this is as true for out-of-school activities as for what happens in school itself. There is evidence that excellence in children's achievements can come from widely differing special provision or from no special provision at all. Cultural influences affect attitudes as to who might be gifted and talented and what might be done for them. Whatever the size and influence of special centres anywhere, there is always overlap between in-school and out-of-school activities. For all styles of provision, cooperation between the two is a vital aspect of success. The major cultural dichotomy in this field is between the perception, usually found in the Far East that 'most children have gifted potential' and the largely Western view that 'few children have gifted potential'. It is safe to say that children who are selected for aptitude and ability, and who are keen to learn, will get more from special enrichment than those who of equal potential who have not had that experience. But this does not necessarily show the provision as the best possible method for enhancing gifts and talents. In fact, I do not know of a single scientific investigation, either cross-culturally or within one country, which compares any aspect of an out-of-school programme with another. As a result it is hard to say what type of provision would be most appropriate and effective in any given situation. Outcomes are also dependent on the enthusiasm, organisation and money put into any scheme - as well as the way youngsters are chosen for it. Some of the largest and most influential out-of-school American institutions were founded on the psychological understanding of human abilities that was current in the 1920s. These early influences of seeking an IQ cut-off point (or equivalent) to identify the gifted still affect their practice. in addition, the big American Talent Searches so often select youngsters for summer-schools not only by their high-level achievements, but also by their parent's ability to pay the sometimes high fees. Opinions about the identification of the brightest children and consequential educational practice underlie all provision for their education, whether in or outside school hours. Because of cross-cultural differences, it would not seem wise to copy any action directly from one culture to another without recognising these influences and possibly modifying the model. The growing trend around the world is to offer high-level opportunities to as many youngsters as possible, so that no keen learner is turned away without even a change of sampling them.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper attempted to investigate the relationships among the perception of job insecurity and organizational effectiveness, and it examines these relationships while considering the moderating effect of trust in the manager and self-efficacy. Job insecurity is an independent variable, organizational effectiveness aspects (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are dependent variables, and trust and self-efficacy are moderators. Research design, data, and methodology - Regression analysis was used to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, some modifications were made. To examine the model, this study relied on the samples chosen from Korean employees in the six franchise business firms. The survey was conducted on 288 workers. Each question is based on a 5-point Likert type scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results - The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, job insecurity has an influence on organizational effectiveness aspects (negatively on job satisfaction, negatively on organizational commitment, and positively on turnover intention). Second, analyzing the moderating effect of trust, trust in manager is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on organizational commitment and on turnover intention). However, employees' trust in manager had no significant moderating effect on the job insecurity-job satisfaction relationship. Third, self-efficacy is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on job satisfaction, on organizational commitment, and on turnover intention). Conclusions - First, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employees' job insecurity in franchise firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and to create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implementing it. To this end, the franchise companies should implement efficiency efforts such as obtaining an appropriate capacity of equipped personnel and a training program. Second, there are moderating effects of self-efficacy and trust in the relationship between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness. Depending on business conditions, stability and instability can only be experienced in the organizations of franchise companies. This can give rise to instability in employment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize a system that can be minimized with a change in the new awareness of employment instability. After all, a good leader (manager) must accumulate personal trust and build up a core competence that is necessary to become competent in the field himself. Even if you lack the material resources to improve performance, if the leader with the core competencies (e.g., technical/management /organization/marketing/design) can gain the trust of the supervisor, you can get a good organizational performance. Therefore, you should foster a healthy organizational culture through education such as leadership training and employee training to be built on trust between the leaders and the employees. In addition, you need to focus on HRD&M training in order to increase the self-efficacy of the supervisor.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2014

Purpose - There have been local government systems since June 1955. Many local governments have made use of festivals for regional public relations and the achievement of competitiveness. This study analyzes effective components of local festivals. There has been extensive research in relation to variables such as participation motivation, satisfaction level, recall intention, royalty, and recommend purpose. However, as a variable factor, attachment to the participation motivation of a festival has been overlooked along with support level to a festival. This study has added new variables named "attachment to local society" and "support level," which are dependent variables. We will study the relationship of these two variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has devised a cause-and-effect relationship model, which deduces that local residents' participation motivation for the festival will have positive influence on the festival support level and satisfaction level. We circulated questionnaires to local residents to get the data required to prove the hypothesis. To analysis the data, we used SPSS 21.0, and accomplished basic analysis through the analysis of frequency as well as descriptive statistical analysis. Further, we verified our measurement tools through reliability analysis, and examined the research hypothesis through multiple regression analysis. Results - With regard to the festival satisfaction level, the variables of local society attachment, festival attraction, escaping from the daily life, and family harmony have influence upon a positive effect (+) in this order. Among them, the variable of local society attachment has the greatest influence. However, in respect of support level for the festival, only the variables of local society attachment and escaping from the daily life have a valid influence on the positive effect (+), and local society attachment has relatively greater influence. In addition, not only does the festival satisfaction level affect the support level for the festival in terms of positive effect, the influence is also far-reaching, which verifies the mediating effect. Conclusions - The result shows that the local residents' satisfaction level with the Yudalsan Mountain Spring Flower Festival is comparatively high, which is due to the local society attachment. It also shows that it is difficult to create support without local residents' attachment with their area. Consequently, this study insists that the Yudalsan Mountain Spring Flower Festival should exceed its limitation as just a village-level party, in order to become a remarkable and outstanding festival, and suggests three operational implications: macro-environmental development, task environment development, and internal operational environmental development. From the macro-environmental perspective, the constant development of local culture and local business is proposed. In the task environment perspective, a new functional development for the festival is proposed. From the internal operational environmental perspective, improvements in festival operation methods are proposed. If these weak points are addressed and resolved through a more detailed approach, it will be very helpful for local government systems to operate the festival.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-62
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• 2014

대표적인 지식기반산업, 창조산업으로 인식되고 있는, 문화콘텐츠 산업의 하나인 게임산업은 전통적인 제조업의 해외진출과는 달리, 제품 혹은 프로젝트 기반으로 해외진출에 대한 전략과 성과가 달라진다. 따라서 이에 대한 접근도 각각의 콘텐츠 단위로 달리해야 하며, 어떠한 요인들로 인해 이들의 해외진출 의사결정과 결과가 달라지는지 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 게임 산업에서 해외시장 진입 선택에 영향을 미치는 '전략적 지향성' 요인을 중심으로, 이들의 선행변수 및 후행변수에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 팀 단위(team level)로 제품이 개발되어 각각의 해외시장별로 어떠한 전략적 지향성을 띄며 진입유형 선택에 이르게 되는지 살펴보기 위해 온라인 게임 252개의 케이스를 가지고 살펴봤다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 팀 흡수역량이 혁신지향성에 미치는 관계를 제외한 모든 잠재변수들(창의성, 흡수역량, 시장지향성, 혁신지향성, 해외시장 성과)간의 인과관계가 유의하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 창의성과 흡수역량, 시장지향성 및 혁신지향성을 해외시장 진입 방식과 통합적으로 연결시킴으로써 기존의 전략 및 국제경영 관련 이론들을 보충하고, 문화콘텐츠 상품의 해외진입(배급) 전략을 설명하기 위한 이론적 및 실무적인 시사점을 제공해준다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 가족친화 컨설팅 컨설턴트, 인증심사원, 직장교육 전문강사 등 가족친화 전문인력의 활동 경험을 통해 전문인력의 필요 역량을 살펴보고, 전문인력 양성 교육과정 개선 방안을 마련하는 것이다. 이를 위해 10명의 전문인력을 대상으로 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면, 세 영역에서 활동하는 가족친화 전문인력 모두 가족친화제도 및 가족친화사업 이해라는 공통 역량을 필요로 하지만, 활동 영역에 따른 필요 역량이 상이하므로 공통 교육과 함께 전문인력별로 차별화된 교육과정을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 교육과정 개편 방향과 관련하여 전문인력별 교육과정 간 연계성 강화, 가족친화 전문인력 교육 시수 확대, 신규 양성교육과 보수교육 간의 차별화가 제안되었다. 이와 함께 교육 운영과 방법의 다양화, 시의성 있는 주제의 심화보수 교육의 필요성 등이 제안되었다. 이러한 결과는 가족친화 전문인력에게 요구되는 역량과 활동 중인 전문인력의 교육 요구에 따라 가족친화 전문인력 교육과정이 재구성될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.3-33
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• 2017

영화 관객들은 영화를 선택하기 위해 정보를 수집하는 등의 과정에서 추가적인 비용을 지불할 수 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 비용을 거래비용의 관점에서 접근하여 영화 소비행위를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 '2015 영화소비자조사'를 사용하여 영화 정보와 개인의 인구사회학적 특성을 독립변수로, 관람편수와 관람빈도를 종속변수로 삼아 회귀분석과 다항 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, '감독', '온라인 평가' 등의 요소를 고려하는 소비자일수록 영화 소비가 활발한 것으로 나타났고, 관람 빈도별 분석에서는 저 고 관람자별로 영화를 선택할 때 고려하는 유의미한 정보가 다르게 나타났다. 이를 통해 개인이 보유한 문화자본과 취향 그리고 영화 정보를 인식하는 정도에 따라 영화 소비가 달라질 수도 있음을 알 수 있었다. 기존 연구들이 주로 영화의 흥행 결정 요인을 분석했다면 본 연구는 소비자의 입장에서 개별 영화 정보를 이용하는 것을 거래비용 관점에서 개인의 취향의 유무, 형성의 정도에 따라 차이가 있다는 것을 실증적으로 분석했다는데 의의가 있다. 상기의 결과를 바탕으로 거래비용이 영화소비에 영향을 미치고 일정 정도의 소비를 통해 취향이 형성되면 거래비용이 낮아져 소비가 늘어나는 순환적 구조라는 것을 추정할 수 있었다. 따라서 제작사는 소비자가 영화 관람에 필요한 거래비용을 낮출 수 있도록 영화 정보를 적절하게 활용하는 마케팅 전략을 수립하고 집행할 필요가 있다.