• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.136-140
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• 2005

The hypoglycemic effect of Collybia confluens exobiopolymer was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In a dose-dependent study, the exobiopolymer, at 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose substantially lowered the plasma glucose level by 29.3%, as compared to the control group. It also lowered the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 23.3 and 30.7%, respectively, and reduced the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 23.0 and 33.5%, respectively. The activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was reduced 34.6% and 23.6% respectively, by the exobiopolymer administration, compared to the control group. The exobiopolymer was found to contain 83.2% carbohydrate and 16.8% protein. The sugar and amino acid of the exobiopolymer were also analyzed in detail.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1126-1141
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• 2008

The purposes of this study identify how attributes of the website impact on consumer attitude toward the website. For this purpose, the study tested covariance structural model which set relationships among independent variables (interactivity and shopping value), meditated variables(relationship commitment), and dependent variables(attitude toward website). The data were collected from a sample of 239 internet shopper of college female students. The covariance structural model and research hypothesis analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the structural model is accepted significantly. Second, interactivity and shopping value of website have a positive influence on relationship commitment. Third, interactivity, shopping value of website, and relationship commitment have a positive impact on attitude toward the website. Forth, even if shopping value has not a positive influence on attitude toward the website, it was found to have a significant effect on attitude toward the website through the relationship commitment.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Baicalin is a flavonoid purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. It has been reported that baicalin exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The present study was undertaken to determine the underlying cellular mechanisms of baicalin action in preosteoclasts. The effects of this flavonoid on preosteoclasts were determined by measuring osteoclast generation and osteoclast activity in macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent bone marrow cells (MDBMCs) and in co-cultures of MDBMCs and osteoblasts. Osteoclast generation was assayed by measuring the number of tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) multinucleated cells after culture. Osteoclast activity was assayed by measuring the area of the resorption pit after culture. We found that osteoclast generation was induced by M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and by the 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in our cultures. Baicalin decreased both osteoclast generation and activity in MDBM cultures and co-cultures indicating that it may inhibit bone resorption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.584-593
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of the menus delivered by 17 free meal service centers for the low-income home-bound elderly in Chung- cheong buk-Do. Statistical data analysis was compleleted using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis, T-test, and ANOVA. The meals offered by free meal service centers were not met the 1/3 recommended dietary allowances in calcium and vitamin $B_2$. There were significant differences between dependent variables(nutrient content, nutrient density, nutrient deficiency, NAR, MAR, food group intake patterns) and independent variables (operation type, operation status, operation period, nutritionist, food cost).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2005

This study identified how family restaurant customers' attitude toward yield management strategies, which include reservation, time, menu, and service factors. Generally, yield management explains how price and dining duration maximize the revenue of family restaurants. There are three ways to improve family restaurant yield; improving table turns, upgrading seat occupancy, increasing price per customer. The 45 items of yield management strategies are developed by literature reviews, web sites analysis, and interviews with family restaurant employers. Factor analysis and reliability analysis from present study found out 11 important factors, which represent the study's dependent variables. Regression analysis may be helpful to test whether demographic and socio-economic factors have relationships with family restaurant customers' attitude toward yield management strategies. As a regression result, gender, family size, age in demographic factors and education and occupation in socio-economic factors have relationships with family restaurant customers' attitude toward yield management strategies significantly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.245-250
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• 1984

Reciprocal exchanges of DNA in sister chromatids (SCEs) are induced by various carcinogens and mutagens, although the quantitative relationship between the number of mutations and SCEs induced varies among chemicals. Nevertheless, the analysis of SCEs production by various agents often proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. Mercury, even if which has no evidences for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, is reported to exert some cytotoxic effects, such as chromosomal aberrations or bad influences to ovulation and reproduction in experimental animals, etc.. In this study, tests for sister chromatid exchanges have been carried out on normal human lymphocytes in whole blood culture to add mercury chloride ($HgCl_2$) or methylmercury chloride ($CH_3\;HgCl$) for 72 hr. The results indicate the dose-dependent relationship between the frequencies of SCEs and the concentrations of $HgCl_2,\;CH_{3}HgCl$ and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Lymphocyte proliferation has depressed in the higher concentration of mercury.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.320-324
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• 2007

The bacterial diversity in Korean soybean-fermented foods was investigated using a PCR-based approach. 16S rRNA sequences were amplified and cloned from two different soybean-fermented foods such as doenjang (soybean paste), and ganjang (soybean sauce). Staphylococcus equorum (60.6%), Tetragenococcus halophila (21.2%), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (9.1%), Lactobacillus sakei (6.1%), and Bacillus subtilis (3.0%) were detected among clones isolated from soybean paste samples and Halanaerobium sp. (37.5%), Halanaerobium fermentans (37.5%), T. halophila (12.5%), Staphylococcus sp. (6.3%), S. equorum (3.1%), and B. subtilis (3.1%) were detected among clones isolated from soybean sauce. Our approach revealed different bacterial distributions and diversity from those previously obtained using culture-dependent methods.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.193-203
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• 2012

The development of embryos reconstructed by nuclear transfer is dependent upon numerous factors including the type of recipient cell, method of enucleation, the type of donor cell, method of reconstruction, activation, the cell cycle stage of both the donor nucleus and the recipient cytoplasm and the method of culture of the reconstructed embryos. Many of these points which have been reviewed extensively elsewhere (Sun and Moor, 1995; Colman, 1999; Oback and Wells, 2002; Renard et al., 2002; Galli et al., 2003b), here we will concentrate on main area, the production of suitable cytoplast and nuclear donor, nuclear-cytoplasmic coordination, oocyte activation, culture of reconstructed embryos, and the effects that this may have on development.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1998

Effects of cyclic (c) AMP and G-protein related reagents (3-isobutyl-l-methyxanthine (IBMX), Forskolin (FSK), cholera toxin (CTX), and pertussis toxin (PTX≫ on estradiol-17$\beta$ induced vitellogenin (VTG) induction were examined in primary hepatocyte cultures in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The addition of IBMX, FSK, or CTX to the incubation medium markedly increased VTG production, while PTX was not effective in stimulating the production. It is well known that cAMP regulates phosphorylation and dephosphorylation through mediation of protein kinase A. These results suggest that VTG production is highly dependent on cAMP state in hepatocytes because of its highly phosphorylated nature.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

Internalized Confucian cultural scripts trigger meta-pragmatic thinking in Korean communication. Commonly shared cultural knowledge acts as a powerful constraint upon the behavioral patterns of each participant and this knowledge can be strategically manipulated to avoid confrontations. The strategic use of address reference terms utilizes cultural values as a face-redress mechanism to achieve situation-specific goals. This paper offers a view of Korean address reference terms that rests on four revisions of politeness theory (Brown & Levinson, 1978, 1987). First, the notion of discernment - or 'wakimae' - as a culture-specific mechanism is reanalyzed. Secondly, culture-specific values as another R (ranking of imposition) variable are introduced. Thirdly, a reevaluation of the notion of positive face (respect) is discussed. Finally, the address reference terms in combination with other honorifics by the speaker that can be strategically applied either to threaten or to enhance the face of the hearer is observed. Because Confucianism is embedded in Korean cultural identity, teaching cultural values integrated and their roles in situation-dependent politeness is required in order to understand interactional nature of politeness occurring from particular discourse contexts.