• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1352-1363
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• 2010

This study analyzes how the organizational culture of TV home shopping companies influence the job satisfaction, commitment, and intention of turnover. It ascertains the differences the job satisfaction, commitment, and intention of turnover according to tenure of office and turnover time. The survey was conducted from May $3^{rd}$ to $31^{rt}$ in 2010, and 356 responses were used in the data analysis. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, the organizational culture of TV home shopping companies was classified by the innovation culture, group culture, rational culture, and hierarchical culture. The innovation culture, group culture, and hierarchical culture of TV home shopping companies influenced job satisfaction and commitment. The rational culture and hierarchical culture of TV home shopping companies influenced the intention of turnover. There were differences in the intention of turnover according to the tenure of office and the job commitment according to turnover time.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

In general, the blood cell culture is a common method for animal chromosome preparation. However, every animal and its cells have unique physiological characteristics and functions. Hence, it is very difficult to find the suitable method of chromosome preparation using animal lymphocyte culture. This study was carried out to fine the suitable method of chromosome preparation using lymphocytes cultures in mammalians and aves including cattle, rat, mouse and chicken. To seek the optimal method of lymphocyte culture in each animal, $2^3$ factorial experiment was designed. The design evaluated three main effects in culture duration, kinds of mitogen supplements and colcemid exposure time with two levels within each effect. The mitotic index and the score of chromosome morphology were analyzed. In results, the suitable methods of lymphocyte culture for chromosome preparation were 72 hours culture, pokeweed mitogen(PWM) supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in cattle, 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in chicken, 96 hours culture, concanavalin A supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in rat, and 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in mouse, respectively. In conclusion, kinds of mitogen, culture duration and colcemid exposure time significantly affected the mitotic index and chromosome morphology, in animal lymphocyte culture. The interaction effects between/among treatment factors were also statistically significant.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2003

The physiological characteristics of cultures of very high cell mass (e.g. 10g cell mass/L), termed“ultrahigh cell density cultures”is reviewed. A close relationship was found between the length of the optical path (OP) in flat-plate reactors and the optimal cell density of the culture as well as its areal (g m$\^$-2/ day$\^$-1/) productivity. Cell-growth inhibition (GI) unfolds as culture density surpasses a certain threshold. If it is constantly relieved, a 1.0cm OP reactor could produce ca. 50% more than reactors with longer OP, e.g. 5 or 10cm. This unique effect, discovered by Hu et al. [3], is explained in terms of the relationships between the frequency of the light-dark cycle (L-D cycle), cells undergo in their travel between the light and dark volumes in the reactor, and the turnover time of the photosynthetic center (PC). In long OP reactors (5cm and above) the L-D cycle time may be orders of magnitude longer than the PC turnover time, resulting in a light regime in which the cells are exposed along the L-D cycle, to long, wasteful dark periods. In contrast, in reactors with an OP of ca. 1.0 cm, the L-D cycle frequency approaches the PC turnover time resulting in a significant reduction of the wasteful dark exposure time, thereby inducing a surge in photosynthetic efficiency. Presently, the major difficulty in mass cultivation of ultrahigh-density culture (UHDC) concerns cell growth inhibition in the culture, the exact nature of which is awaiting detailed investigation.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2013

Eco-friendly and sustainable seaweed biomass energy have been under the spotlight as the future of renewable energy. However, seaweed culture is primarily conducted inshore, with the research on offshore culture still in an early stage. For massive biomass production, a systematic engineering approach is required to devise offshore seaweed culture facilities rather than the conventional empirical ones. To establish the fundamental behavior of seaweed culture facilities, the dynamic characteristics of a seaweed culture facility were analyzed in the study. For this purpose, numerical analyses of the seaweed culture facility (a frame type) were carried out by using the hydrodynamic simulation program ANSYS-AQWA. For the analysis, environmental loads were considered using the wave spectra and co-linear current; mooring variables were selected as parameters; and time domain analyses were carried out to acquire the time series responses and eventually the dynamic characteristics. Finally, the mooring performance was evaluated. It was found that the motion could be controlled by adjusting the buoyancy and mooring slope.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1995

This study discusses the traditional main life culture of Korea and the relations with the traditional manners of Korean culture. According to studies of literature and an analysis, it shows the traditional courtesy can be linked to the housing structure of the Cho-sun dynasty which can be termed as a representation of traditional Korean society. Housing culture of Cho-sun dynasty led to a most characteristic living culture. To be specific sit-down culture use norms, hierarchy and fittings can be sited. The sit-down culture in turn led to the main courtesies of greeting, table manners, etiquette for entrance and exit, the carefulness shown to elders, the self-restraint of speech and action and the manners between men and women, But in today's world there are realistic difficulties that make the application of these norms in everyday life difficult. But at the same time we must realize that there are traditional norms which overcome time and which affect today's norms.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-134
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• 1998

Work and family life affect each other. Especailly in a corporate-centered society the impact of work on the family is very strong. Organigational sexrole culture is used not only as a method of business management, but also as a style of family living. The Purpose of this study was to analyze an effect of occupation and organizational sexrole culture of husband on the family life. Data for 214 husbands were gathered from the structured questionnaire and time diary. The major findings of this study were as follows; (1) According to the occupation, organizational sexrole culture of husbands is very different. (2) The occupation and organizational sexrole culture of husbands have an important effect on their life time structure. (3) The occupation and organizational sexrole culture of husbands effect on their participation rate of household labor. These results suggested that husbands’ occupation and organization sexrole culture have a significant effect on the family life.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2019

Objectives: The standard method for the enumeration of environmental Legionella is culturing, which has several disadvantages, including long incubation and poor sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of real-time PCR and to improve the standard method. Methods: In 200 environmental water samples, a real-time PCR and culture were conducted to detect and quantify Legionella. Using with the results of the survey, we compared the real-time PCR with the culture. Results: Each real-time PCR assay had 100% specificity and excellent sensitivity (5 GU/reaction). In the culture, 36 samples were positive and 164 samples were negative. Based on the results of the culture, real-time PCR showed a high negative predictive value of 99%, 35 samples were true positive, 105 samples were true negative, 59 samples were false positive and one sample was a false negative. Quantitative analysis of the two methods indicated a weak linear correlation ($r^2=0.29$, $r^2=0.61$, respectively). Conclusions: Although it is difficult to directly apply quantitative analysis results of real-time PCR in the enumeration of environmental Legionella, it can be used as a complementary means of culturing to rapidly screen negative samples and to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to compare the characteristics of patients with pathogen-positive and negative cultures, and to investigate factors predicting pathogen-positive culture results in patients of acute poisoning with suspected aspiration. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute poisoning admitted to an intensive care unit between January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively studied. Respiratory specimens were collected from the enrolled patients at the time of the suspected aspiration. We compared the characteristics of patients with pathogen-positive and negative culture results and analyzed the causative pathogens. Results: Among the 526 patients, 325 showed no clinical features that could be attributed to aspiration, and 201 patients had clinical features suggestive of aspiration. Of these, 113 patients had pathogen-positive culture, 61 were negative, and the specimens of 27 patients contained poor-quality sputum. In univariate analysis, patients with a positive culture showed a longer time to culture from ingestion (p=0.01), faster heart rate (p=0.01), and higher partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂) (p=0.02) than patients with negative culture. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PaO₂/FiO₂ (adjusted odd ratio, 1.005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-1.008; p=0.005) was a significant risk factor for pathogen-positive culture. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PaO₂/FiO₂ was 0.591 (95% CI, 0.510-0.669, p=0.05). Gram-negative pathogens (GNPs) were predominant and at least one GNP was observed in 84 (73.3%) patients among those with pathogen positive culture. Conclusion: We failed to find any clinical factors associated with positive culture results. Antibiotics that cover GNPs could be considered when deciding the initial antibiotic regimen at the time of suspected aspiration.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop the simple and convenient irrigation control model which can maintain the appropriate rates of irrigation and drainage of nutrient solution according to the enviornmental conditions and growth stages in soilless culture of cucumber. In order to obtain fundamental data for development of the model, investigation of the actual state of soilless culture practices was carried out. Most irrigatioin systems of soillness culture were controlled by the time colock. Evapotranspiration of cucumber in soilness culture was investigated and correlations with environmental conditions were analyzed , and its estimating model was developed. In order to develop the irrigation system which can control the amount of nutrient solution applied according to seasons, weather conditions, and growth stages, a irrigation clock control was developed. Applicability of the model was tested by simulation. Drainage rates of nutrient solution controlled by conventional time clock, integrated solar radiation, and the developed model were 61% , 20%, and 32% , respectively in cucumber perlite culture.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2017

The diffusion of advanced mobile technology has introduced new types of personal information or 'location data'. These new data mean new opportunities for businesses, such as location-based services (LBS), but have resulted in new consumer anxieties regarding disclosure of personal information. This study examines the effects of the consumers' perceived control over "time-andplace" information in location-aware services on their perceived privacy risk. A total of 270 respondents participated in this study. Conditions of perceived privacy control were operationalized over time-and-place information, in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. Results indicate that the perceived control over time-and-place personal information is a significant predictor of perceived risk, and control assurances over time-and-place information enhances the perception of control, thus alleviating the perceived risk. In addition, the effect is much more significant when time and place were combined.