• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.66-73
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• 2009

In the digital age, as it is ambiguous to distinguish between the original and a replica, the order of reproduction which is more realistic than the reality is becoming a new cultural order. Before the period when digital paradigm dominates, always the reality has been an object to be copied. But, today is an age of Simulacre where code of digital technology dominates. Such a phenomenon is shown in the construction space without exception Gilles Deleuze who was a representative philosopher of the post-structuralism depicted the concept of Simulacre as an instant 'event' passing by without change in an object or substance. As the result of analyzing what kinds of feature for the concept of event is expressed in the digital space, a diagram itself could be a design process, the digital space with correlation was able to be created through the change in the meaning according to the changing image and my body which was the leading part to form primary space. In such a meaning, this study pays attention to Deleuze's 'Event(Simulacre)' concept. At this transitional period when a new concept of digital space is about to take root, the modern philosophers' theories and the discussions about spatial relativity should be continually studied, along with the development of spacial theories for the modem construction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

There are many ways to know the social and cultural level of each country. Among them, a theme museum are not only the best place to understand the history, the life style and the culture level. This thesis has the purpose to provide the basic material through analyzing the space composition and the visitor circulation of the theme museum and understanding the relativity of them so that the new theme museums can be designed in the right direction. So I chose the independence museum that opened with in recent 10 years, finally middle & small size's theme museum were selected. The results from the case study are as follow. Firstly, according to a result of analyzing the characteristics of space composition with the ratio of each part's area, space composition of each museum is mainly for the exhibition part, but rarely for the education part. Secondly, theme museums in Jeju have the limit of diversity of circulation method because they have not the free circulation method. Thirdly, the characteristics of space composition is divided into basic type, center-hall enter type, around the center-hall type and guidance type. Fourthly, by analyzing the characteristics of space composition and circulation method of traffic line, it's realized that selective circulation method was applied to basic type and center-hall enter type, and guidance circulation method was applied to around the center-hall type and guidance type.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

Stages, in the theatrical spaces, were space, which incorporates aspects of cities. Hence, the stages have been constituted to materialize sequence of city, which has exact number, proportion and order of ideal city. In addition, it has accomplished change, which depends on type of performance with the social condition and culture of generation, city has. However, the original form of theatrical space were forgotten on account of the various changes of theatrical form with modem movement since the end of 19th century, and theatrical space, which does not relate with its space of city, was started to constitute. Particularly in contemporary society, the theatre can give vitality to the citizens, and also theatrical architecture as a commercial code has been a general form, though it takes important role, which improves cultural value with technical improvement of cities development of society. Thus, this study analyzed urbanity ,which theatres have incorporated historically, and deduced a correlativity from to be based on constitution of space in visual, perceptual, spatial constitution and functional role. Focused on published SPAC international competition, it was interpreted by contemporary focus, therefore, this experiment suggests constitution of theatrical spaces of information, takes urbanity, through to analyze visual, perceptual, spatial constitution and functional role in context of contemporary city.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1041-1061
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• 2012

In the late nineteenth century, British colonial activities became aggressive and annexationist in the tropics, including the Southeast Asian Archipelago, which reflected the historical circumstances of both increasing resistance from the indigenous and severe competition among European powers. Interestingly, the change in English colonial policy toward an annexationist or imperialist vision adopted the motto of a civilizing mission, which was founded on the anthropological assumption that the white English were civilized, while the non-white indigenous were savage. The assumption developed into colonial discourse through systematic gathering of anthropological knowledge about the peripheries of the Empire. The knowledge system was flawed, which stressed the differences of the peripheral populations from the English and served as an inverted discourse on the Imperial Self rather than the description of the Other. Furthermore, the natives were heterogeneous, which rendered indistinct the racial and cultural differences between the English and the natives. Still, the aboriginals called Malays, who were comprised of many ethnic subgroups, needed to be deemed savage or inferior by the English in order to justify the English civilizing work or imperial ambition. Put differently, the representation of the English as civilized necessitated the (mis)representation of the natives as savage. In this context, Clifford's works contribute to systematic misrepresentation of the Malays, on which colonial discourse is founded, though not without self-contradiction. On the other hand, Conrad's novels that are set in the Malay Archipelago resort to a strategic misrepresentation that reveals the relativity of the discourse. Exploring the dilemma of denationalization to various degrees, Conrad's Malay texts problematize the (mis)representation of the indigenous as inferior, which is the basis of English claim to superiority.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate the relations among each white stone and their characteristics through the chemical and mineralogical analysis of them excavated from around some kilns in archaeological sites. Moreover it was intended to infer the function of kilns. Nine white stones were chosen from three different archaeological sites, the each name of which is Sanyang-ri, Youngdu-ri and Gwangdae-ri in Chungcheongnam-do. In the mineralogical characteristics of thin section, eight stones containing calcite are altered and recrystallized by metasomatism and hydrothermal process, and Calcites, major component minerals of limestone, were identified by the analysis of XRD. On the basis of this result, we can infer the stones to be classified into limestone groups. One the other hand, research revealed that one of the white stones was a white pelitic stone composed of quartz, microcline and muscovite. In the analysis of chemical composition, except for the white pelitic stone eight stones are mainly composed of CaO which is major component of Calcite. Besides, as a results of correlation analysis by using a chemical compositions of major and minor elements in white stones, little did each archaeological site have the relativity. In conclusion, each archaeological site was estimated that they would use a limestone ores extracted from different deposits, and there is a high possibility that the function of these kilns is to produce quicklime.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.411-418
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• 2007

It is a very difficult thing to estimate an occurrence possibility location and hazard expectation area by landslide. The prediction difficulty of landslide occurrence has relativity in factor of various geological physical factors and contributions. However, estimation of landslide occurrence possibility and classification of hazard area became available correlation mechanism through analysis of landslide occurrence through landslide data analysis and statistical analysis. This study analyzed a damage possibility of a cultual heritage area due to landslide occurrence by a heavy rainfall. We make a landslide prediction map and tried to analysis of landslide occurrence possibility for the cultural heritage site. The study area chooses a temple of Silsang-Sa Baekjang-Am site and made a landslide prediction map. In landslide prediction map, landslide hazard possibility area expressed by occurrence probability and divided by each of probability degrees. This degree used to evaluate occurrence possibility for existence and nonexistence of landslide in the study site. For the prediction and evaluation of landslide hazard for the cultural heritage site, investigation and analysis technique which is introduced in this study may contribute an efficient management and investigation in the cultural heritage site, Korea.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.411-434
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• 2017

With emphasis on various local cultures to confront the Western central culture, Ngugi wa Thiong'o proposes them 'to move horizontally' so as not to repeat the oppressive culture of the West. We need not only dialogues between dominant languages and peripheral languages, but also between marginal languages. With respect to this point, Ngugi thinks that translation itself could be very effective. Ngugi wants to stimulate writing and speaking in marginalized languages and promote translation as a means of making these languages visible. He regards translation as a conversational tool among languages and cultures in the multicultural global community. As is already well known, his determination to write his later works only in his native Gikuyu language has a great meaning in his anti-colonial as well as anti-neocolonial movement. Its proof is his recent effort to cooperate with Jalada Africa. Simon Gikandi criticized the English translation of Matigari as a denial of cultural hegemony of Gikuyu language and its subordination to the global cultural market. However, the concept of 'thick translation', helps us move from Gikandi's doubt of the 'epistemology of translation' to a meaningful strategy of postcolonial translation. Facing some of the scholars' doubts related to his over-stressing language problem, Ngugi points out that the world has managed to function well through translation: the possibility of translation between cultures and translation as a mediating tool for communication nationally as well as internationally. Based on this two-sided solution of translation, he believes that we can overcome the opposition between relativity and universality, center and periphery, and the dominant and the subordinate.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.1
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• pp.95-123
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• 1999

The goal of this research is a visual and auditory tool development enabling designers to have the same emotional value with users in the process of user centered design. Through the research, we intend to show the aid measure for making cognitive gaps narrow between users and designer in the process of transforming and understanding the emotional needs as a verbal image. because In the business practice of design, most of tools and techniques for assessment and analysis of emotional needs are those used usually in the marketing fields. So the information generated and transformed from users to designers have a form of physical words. When the designer's understanding of the emotional needs is considered as a product mediated communication process, the morphologic and cognitive information gaps become obvious. This difference could be a false basis in designing with emotional user needs. So the alternative needs assessment sub-tools of visual and auditory information form was embodied mainly for designer's cognitive gaps and inter-cultural emotional needs assessment. As the method of embodiment, Firstly, adjectives related to emotion were classified in their cognitive dimension. Secondly, visual and auditory data were extracted, and then the relativity verified. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness were tested through the database generation. In view of the results so far achieved, 1. We could find being of the big information cognitive gaps in the verbal assessment of emotional needs between designers and users. 2. With the visual and auditory assessment tool, we could make the big cognitive gaps narrower than we expected. 3. Also, we could find the chance that the fidelity, recognition, and friendliness of design for emotional user needs would become better.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.115-122
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• 2008

There are many ways to know the social and cultural level of each country. Among them, a museum are not only the best place to understand the history, the life style and the culture level. The most important constituent, which museum architecture has, are visitors, exhibition and communication between visitors. Exhibition space composition is the one of important things in museum architecture, and it's essential to show an intent of exhibition to visitors. This thesis has the purpose to provide the basic material through analyzing exhibition space composition and exhibition method of the theme museum and understanding the relativity of them so that the new theme museums can be designed in the Tight direction. So I chose the independence museum that opened within recent 10 years, finally middle & small size's theme museum were selected. The results from the case study are as follow. Firstly, the exhibition space unit of basic type and center-hall enter type had a one-way for gateway and used the exhibition of three or four faces. The exhibition space unit of around tile center-hall type and guidance type had the separated gateway and used the exhibition of one or two faces. Secondly, the exhibition method of selected museums was divided into the wall face type and the island type. The exhibition method of two faces mainly used in guidance type caused complicated visitor circulation. In that case, it seemed to be good that two walls were used alternately. Thirdly, there were visual type, audio-visual type, handling type and experiential type in the method of exhibition. The former two types were used mostly, and the latter two types were rarely used. Fourthly, the wall face type was inefficient for exhibition because given walls were supposed to be used. Therefore, it was more effective to use the wall face type and the island type together.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.301-328
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• 2010

Many recent British novels engage with the construction and deconstruction of history and identity; and in dealing with these historical, or historicised novels it seems to be an untouchable ground that truth is beyond grasp. Even when approached, its authenticity should be examined under the post-modern "incredulity toward metanarrative" discourses. Julian Barnes's 1998 novel England, England may be one of these. Yet, unlike others it achieves a complicated and controversial status as a new kind of historiographic metafiction by providing selfconscious reflections on the invention of innocence and the questionable notion of historical authenticity against the background of current postmodern historical, cultural, and literary explorations. The book, set in a near-future, namely post-post-modern England, starts with a story of a young girl, Martha Cochrane, whose first memory goes back to her early infantile years. Yet, the narrator comments that it is a lie, "her first artfully, innocently arranged lie," since memory, or history, is a product of identity, and vice versa. Her memory of the jigsaw puzzle is both a reminiscent and a significant component of who she is now, both a simulacrum and the original of herself. The correlation between her individual memory and identity parallels that of a region, England, in formation of its history and nationality. "England, England" is the replicated miniature of the former glorious Kingdom as well as a becoming der Ding an sich (the thing itself). In search of the English history and identity, the author satirizes the modern mind's perception of the unreliability and arbitrariness of memory and history, and further explores the alternative to the postmodern discourses by suggesting the probability of inventing innocence glimpsed in children's face "believing while disbelieving." In doing so, the author reconstructs not only the history of Englishness on the ground where nothing seems to be solid, but more importantly also the postmodern theme of relativity in relation to memory, history and identity.