• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.213-234
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• 2017

This study analyzed valid samples of 707 units collected by conducting paper and online surveys on the Korean, the Chinese, the American, and the Japanese. The result showed that a significant causal relationship exists between power distance and pull motivation as well as collectivism and push motivation, which led to a conclusion that developing travel packages that can strengthen bonding of fraternal societies through various events and attractions is effective for respondents from Asian countries. On the other hand, Americans turned out to prefer practical plans, which could provide individual's needs and preferences, for example, a self-healing package. This study, using a simple survey, may have a limitation in that it does not allow the participants to express their opinions. However, the study is meaningful that it made a theoretical contribution utilizing Hofstede's cultural dimensions index, two types of motivation, and theories of customer satisfaction and revisit intention. It also has a practical implication in that it proposes the most optimal and applicable overseas travel marketing strategy by comparing cultural traits of each country.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the differences in Korean nurses' cultural competence perceived by nurses and foreign patients in a general hospital. Methods: The study participants were recruited from outpatient clinics and wards in H General Hospital located in Busan. Cultural competence was measured by the Cultural Competence Scale for Korean Nurses, consisting of 4 subscales: cultural perception, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, and cultural skills. Data were collected from March 31 to April 30, 2014 by distributing and collecting a self-administrated questionnaire set. Data of the 90 foreign patients and 90 nurses were analyzed using PASW statistics 18.0 for independent t-test and ANOVA. Results: The level of cultural competence of Korean nurses perceived by foreign patients was significantly higher than that of nurses. On the cultural awareness dimension, nurses rated themselves more highly than foreign patients did while ratings on the dimensions of cultural knowledge and cultural skill were the opposite. Conclusion: This study indicates that there was a statistically significant difference in the perception of nurses' cultural competence between nurses and foreign patients. The findings can be used for developing education programs to enhance nurses' cultural competence, integrating the perspectives of foreign patients.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-229
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• 2015

Culture is a crucial concept that forms the thinking and behaviors of a group of people, and it influences interactions in learning. Thus, it is also essential to consider cultural sensitivity in online learning technologies and instructional design as education is a set of learning actions based on values and perceptions. MOOCs, the latest online learning platform, are global online learning platforms that provide global learners with free and various learning resources including courses from different world-class institutions. Despite globalization having brought learners closer to sharing similar learning resources, the actual experiences with the resource are expected to vary according to cultures, mainly because learning behavior is a set of outcomes based on cultural differences. Taking this into consideration, this study aims to examine MOOCs from a cultural perspective in order to facilitate global learners, especially Korean learners, to utilize MOOCs with user-friendly services and contents. To achieve this objective, the study first identified and developed an evaluation criteria to examine the cultural sensitivity of MOOCs and conducted case studies on courses from major MOOC providers including edX and Coursera. From the findings, design recommendations of contents and courses on MOOCs were suggested to provide Korean learners with optimal learning experiences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

This study attempted to identify not only dimensions of clothing brand experience, but dimensions of perceived consumer-brand relationship. In addition, this study investigated the relationships among clothing brand experience, consumer-brand relationship and brand loyalty. 354 questionnaires were distributed to female and male respondents aged 20 to 30, and then analyed by SPSS and AMOS program. The results were as follows. First, it was identified that the dimension of clothing brand experience was composed of two dimensions; individual experience(personal dimension) and relational experience(social cultural dimension). Second, the type of consumer-brand relationship was found out as three dimensions; interdependence, love and passion, and partner. Third, these results showed that individual and relational experience of clothing brand was the most influential factor for love and passion dimension of consumer-brand relationship. Forth, love and passion dimension through clothing brand experience was the most influential factor for brand loyalty. Above results imply that the key of strong brand relationship lies in the emotion of love such as human relationship.

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-85
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• 2010

This study defines the substance and multi-dimension of emotional reactions which Koreans have toward foreigners to find the starting point of change in values which is an inevitable task in this multi-cultural society. The results indicate that the Bogardus scale which has been used to measure the social distance toward the minority race is found to have limitations in explaining the closed attitude of Koreans toward 'nation' and 'kinship through marriage'. To supplement such limitations, exploration on attitudes toward foreigners from different native places is performed based on the 'evaluation', 'power' and 'activity' dimensions of the Affective Control Theory. As a result, Americans are highly evaluated in all three dimensions while Japanese are evaluated low in the 'evaluation' dimension and high in the 'power' and 'activity' dimensions. North Korean defectors and ethnic Koreans from China (the Chosun race) are high in evaluation but low in other dimensions. West Asians are evaluated low in all three dimensions. By comprehending the influencing factors and the relative influence of social distance, it proves that the 'evaluation' dimension is the common denominator in all groups while 'power' dimension toward Japanese and 'activity' dimensions toward Chinese and West Asians influence social distance. All foreigners excluding Americans receive closer social distance when having higher education level. Moreover, American women and older North Korean defectors receive closer social distance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.356-367
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying dimensions of push and pull motivators for Soraksan, Kayasan, Naejangsan, and Pukhansan national parks in mountain regions. This study also examined the nature and extent of the reciprocal relationship between the push and pull factors. The result showed that four dimensions were derived from 12 push items, which were cultural and natural experience, escape and rest, health, and socialization and novelty motivators. Three dimensions also were derived from 12 pull items, which were facilities and culture, nature, and accessibility. The push and pull dimensions were correlated and regressed against each other. Given the nature of relationship between the push and pull factors, facilities and culture pull factor was affected by the cultural and natural experience motivation. Nature pull factor had strongly associated with culture and nature, escape and rest, health, and socialization and novelty motivations. Finally, accessible attraction pull factor had a positive relationship with health motivator, however, had a negative with cultural and natural experiencing motivation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2021

The paper identifies the enablers (drivers) and inhibitors (barriers) influencing e-customs implementation in Vietnam (known as a developing country with a lower technological environment) along with determining the impact of e-customs on firm performance. The survey was conducted with the representatives (managers) of firms in five cities and provinces dominating Vietnam's international trade. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show two significant drivers (enablers) - relative advantages and national culture, while compatibility and ease of use are the barriers. Previous studies showed that cultural dimensions related to 'uncertainty acceptance' and 'individualism' encourage innovation; however, this paper demonstrates that 'uncertainty avoidance' and 'collectivism' promote e-customs deployment in Vietnam. Previously, Vietnamese culture was known for scoring high on cultural dimensions related to 'power distance' and 'short-term orientation'. However, today, as an emerging country, Vietnamese has switched to 'low distance' and 'long-term orientation', especially in terms of e-customs innovation. Additionally, the paper also emphasized that e-customs implementation had a positive influence on firm performance in Vietnam. Based on the results of the paper, policy-makers can devise essential solutions to enhance e-customs implementation as well as managers of firms can set-up strategies to adapt to the modernized environment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.537-553
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• 2010

Culture represents forms of life appeared in various dimensions. Advertisements which represent these forms of life show the most important social and cultural phenomenon. The necessity of research on the cultural characteristics of society has been raised because the effectiveness of advertisement could have been varied depending on the cultural value. Moreover, within a society, values reflected by advertisements tend to vary in different eras. Thus, this study aims to clarify the differences between cultural values from different eras through an analysis of cultural characteristics and symptoms with consideration of the time flow. This study also examines the meanings of cultural characteristics highlighted by the study. For the investigation, two Korean women's magazines were selected, from 1955 to 2008. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test which was conducted with Crosstab using the PASW statistics 17.0 Program. The results were as follows: there were changing aspects from traditional values to modern values by years. Additionally, each period was described using several keywords. The keywords were divided by decade: in the '50s keywords were 'lifestyle change', 'material value increase' and the 'challenge to traditional values', in the '60s keywords were 'American culture acceptance', 'material success', in the '70s keywords were 'the rise of nonmaterial value', 'rationalism' and 'egalitarianism', in the '80s 'individualism', 'Life style and culture group differentiation', 'conspicuous consumption', in the '90s 'globalization', 'emphasis on personality sensitivity', 'health-oriented', 'improve the quality of life', while in the '00s keywords were 'spread of digital life', 'rational consumption patterns', 'the 3rd distribution'. Through the research, important changes in the cultural characteristics of Korea were observed. Furthermore, we may be able to think of the most effective way of advertising by identification of the cultural characteristics of the society.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.397-403
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• 2022

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is widely adopted among enterprises and organizations. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in factors related to ERP implementation success. In this paper, top management members, IT professionals, and end-users were interviewed in the study. The study used Hofstede's main cultural dimensions as a theoretical framework to identify cultural characteristics and their influence on ERP implementation within public organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study followed a qualitative methodology approach to carry on the study to investigate the national culture characteristics in Saudi Arabia that may influence ERP implementation success. The study found some culturally related factors that could influence success in ERP implantation projects in Saudi Arabia..

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-128
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• 2023

In recent decades, Indonesia and the Middle Eastern countries have increased and expanded their political, security, economic, and socio-cultural ties. Qatar is one of the Middle Eastern countries which have fortified ties with Indonesia. This article aims to analyze the nature and scope of Indonesia-Qatar relations through the five-dimensional framework developed by George Eberling, which consists of political-diplomatic, economic-trade, military-security, cultural, and petroleum-energy relations (Eberling 2017). Despite being significantly distinct in history, demography, geographic size, and location, Jakarta and Doha have been provided opportunities to expand their cooperation on multifaceted dimensions by way of common economic, geopolitical, and cultural interests. Throughout the paper, the primary drivers of the cooperation are also discussed, alongside its future prospects.