• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.939-947
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• 2009

In order to produce vinegar using onions, 12 acetic acid bacteria were screened from the juice of fallen peaches, and a strain showing the highest acetic acid productivity among them was selected and identified as Acetobacter tropicalis No. 22. The culture broth containing 2.5%(w/v) of initial sugar concentration showed maximum acetic production after 10 days of cultivation, and the acetic acid was produced at the highest rate and reached the maximum acidity after 2 to 6 days of cultivation when the residual sugar and the ethanol concentration were in the range of 1.6 to 2%(w/v) and 0.6 to 1.8%(v/v), respectively. Also optimum conditions for acetic acid production by response surface method using the fractional factorial design with 3 variables and 5 levels were involved with initial ethanol content of 4.67%(v/v), initial acidity of 0.03%, and initial glucose concentration of 2.35%(w/v) and predicted level of acetic acid production at these conditions was 3.77%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.171-171
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• 1998

The metabolic behavior of Debaryomyces hansenii was investigated in terms of substrate utilization and by product formation under different cultural conditions. Debaryomyces hansenii exhibited best growth and most tolerant of increased NaCl, sucrose and potassium sorbate at their optimum pH (5.0). A combination of two or more environmental stresses had stronger inhibitory effects on their growth kinetics, utilization of carbohydrate substrates and the production of organic acids, volatile compounds and other metabolites. Significant amounts of glycerol (0.35-4.4 g/L) and arabitol (0.08-9.8 g/L) were produced by D. hansenii. The main organic acids produced were citric (0.6-1.4 g/L), acetic (0.3-2.8 g/L), fumaric (0.2-1.0 g/L) and malic acids (1.1-1.7 g/L). A range of other compounds such as ethyl acetate, n-propanol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol and acetoin were also produced. The concentration of these compounds varied with the cultural conditions. Such compounds would have specific impacts on food quality in which D. hansenii is found.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1985

To investigate the new Yoghurt starter, Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1, which was selected among 14 Lactobacillus strains, and Streptococcus thermophilus CH-1 were inoculated together in reconstituted non-fat skim milk medium and their growth characteristics and cultural conditions for the mixed culture were examined. The main results of this study were obtained as follows. The typical symbiotic growth was shown between the two strains and pH and temperature for optimal growth were 6.5 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Heat treatment of milk was most effective at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The cell-free filtrate of Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 had stimulatory effect on Streptococcus thermophilus CH-1 but the reverse case was slightly observed. Significant difference was observed in the proteolytic activities between Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus CH-1. The former liberated 135$\mu\textrm{g}$ free amino acid per $m\ell$ of cultured milk, the latter 35$\mu\textrm{g}$ per $m\ell$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 1984

This study was conducted to know the influence of plant age and cultural conditions such as plant population density and light intensity under the shading on the leaf shape of panax ginseng. The result obtained were as follows; 1) Leaf length(L)/maximum width(W) was no difference with different age of over 3-over 3year old plant, but that of 1 or 2-yearold was smaller than those of over 3-year old. The values of L/W showed in the order of 2 or 4,3, 1 or 5 leaflet. 2) Ratios of leaflet area to leaf area were 32.0% in leaflet 3, from 209.% to 27.9% in leaflet 2 or 4, and from 6.5% to 7.1% in leaflet 1 or 5. 3) The coefficients of variability for L/W and ratio of leaflet area to leaf area of leaflet 3 were smallest among leaflets. 4) There were significant differences between largest and smallest leaflet 3, leaf areas and ratio of leaflet 3 area to leaf area in same plant. 5) LW and ratio of leaflet 3 area to leaf area were not affected by plant population density. 6) It showed a tendency that the L/W was increased with increasing the light transmittance rate (LTR). The ratio of leaflet 3 area to leaf area of ginseng grown under 20% LTR was not different comparing to that of plant grown under 5% LTR, but it was significantly increased in plant grown at 100% LTR.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.212-220
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• 1987

The taxonomical properties of strain J-275L isolated from soil as a microorganism which produces extracellular adenine deaminase and cultural conditions for the enxyme production were studied. The hyphae of strain J-275L is fragmented into rod-or coccus-like elements. The elements of fragmented aerkal hyphae has smooth surfaces. The cell wall of the organism contains LL-diaminopimelic acid. Mycolic acid are not produced. As a result of taxonomical studies, strain J-275L is designated as Nocardioides sp. J-275L. The optimum medium for the enzyme production from Nocardioides sp.J-275L wascomposed of 0.5% peptone, 0.5% dextrin, 1% yeast extract, and 0.2% $K_{2}HPO_{4}$. The optimum initial pH of the medium was pH 7.5.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 1985

Aspergillus niger var. macrospours, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum and Penicillium spinulosum were cultured under different cultural conditions. The lipids produced by these species and fatty acid compositions of lipids were investigated. The macimum lipid contents produced by each species were 17.8% for Asp. niger var. macrosporus, 31% for Asp. fumigatus, 12.6% for P. notatum and 17.5% for P. spinulosum, respectively. The major fatty acid compositions were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Asp. niger var. macrosporus and Asp. fumigatus were highest oleic acid during all incubation periods and P. notatum and P. spinulsum were linoleic acid. Degree of unsaturation was higher Penicillium than Aspergillus. The fatty acid compositions were changed depending on the incubation temperature, but hardly showed a certain tendency except linoleic acid and degree of unsaturation that were higher at lower temperature.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1225-1235
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of farmer characteristics, Ihsan attitude, economic conditions, and socio-cultural environmental support, and the number of family members on farmer behavior in meeting food needs in realizing household food security, with the role of the government as a moderator. This study is about the relationship between farmer behavior and their household food security. This research uses a quantitative research method involving 337 farmers from three villages located in three different sub-districts, namely Alang-alang village, Tragah sub-district, Mrecah village, Tanah Merah sub-district, and finally Gangsean village, Sepulu sub-district. The quantitative analysis approach consists of formulating problems, compiling models, obtaining data, finding solutions, testing solutions, analyzing results, and interpreting results. From the 7 hypotheses that were built, it was identified that there was 1 hypothesis that was not significant, namely the influence of the support of the socio-cultural environment on farmer behavior to meet the food needs of farmers' households. The attitude that is identified is still very rarely used in the context of agricultural human resources and at the same time is an inherent character of Madurese farmers which is an interesting part for researchers to study more deeply and become new or authentic in this research.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.33-44
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• 2021

San-ja is one of the main members consisting of the roof of traditional wooden buildings in Korea. In this study, the regional characteristics of the materials used in San-ja and changes of the materials over time were examined. To this end, 123 documents on the repair of wooden architectural heritage recorded since the 1950s were reviewed. It was found that there was a difference in the San-ja material by region because of the diversity in the conditions of material supply. For instance, bamboo was the most frequently used material in Jeollanam-do province because it was readily available. However, with the development of transportation and vehicle, the regional characteristics have disappeared. As a result, the material has been unified with bamboo now. This is because bamboo is specified as a representative material in the specification or the convenience of construction is prioritized. In addition, the social and economic conditions at the time of repair had an influence on the selection of the San-ja materials.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the mental health status of children from multicultural families in South Korea. Methods: This study was based on Dahlgren and Whitehead's (1991) rainbow model as a conceptual framework and used data from the second phase of the multicultural adolescents panel study conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with p<.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: In the final model, stress (odds ratio [OR]=0.53, p<.001), life satisfaction (OR=2.09, p=.004), self-esteem (OR=1.73, p=.032), and peer support (OR=1.46, p=.019) affected the mental health status of children from multicultural families. The living and working conditions and general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions did not significantly influence the mental health status of children from multicultural families in the final model. Conclusion: As components of Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, individual hereditary and lifestyle factors, as well as social and community networks, affected the mental health status of children from multicultural families. Therefore, in order to improve the mental health of children from multicultural families, efforts are needed to alleviate their stress, increase life satisfaction and self-esteem, and strengthen their social support.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.148-165
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• 2015

The Cultural Properties Protection Law Act 1962 has been achieving its role for systematic preservation, management and application of the cultural heritage under rapid economic growth circumstances through continuing revisions. Introduced the influence review system for cultural heritages in 2000, and legislated the guideline for the state-change allowance standard for the National Cultural Heritage in 2006 in specific, the law has been contributing significantly for the cultural properties and historical/cultural environment preservation, along with increase in administrative efficiency and improvement on settlement environment. However, increase in public awareness about the cultural property's value and the needs for the local revitalization by utilizing the heritages, while some allowance standard not peoperly delivering the surrounding conditions, such as the value of the properties and their substantial characteristics, land utilization, etc. being applied, complaints from the local residents are increasing continuously. Thus this research focuses on clear vision/value of the heritage and apply them to create the review criteria for the state-change allowance per heritages. Here we set the Focus of Landscape Management Indicators in order to actively preserve and manage the physical characteristics and the native value by analyzing the Cultural Heritage Protection Laws and related guidelines, manuals and research papers, and redesign the cultural propertiy's classification scheme and propose the Review Standard for state-change from the view point of changing the current state. With this research, we expect increase in the satisfaction for the Property management system with public understanding promotion regarding the Standards by applying the reviewed state-change allowance Standards, white securing the consistency for the review criteria as well as the systematic management of historical/cultural environment with their typification characteristics and the value for short-term.