• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.353-364
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• 2014

Formaldehyde(HCHO) may have a damage effect on Korean traditional textiles, because concentration is high and occurrence frequency is frequent at the exhibition room and storage area. Total 20 specimens were prepared using 4 different materials (silk, cotton, ramie, hemp) after dyeing with 5 colors (undyed, red, yellow, blue, black). The specimens were exposed to HCHO gas in the test chamber. The gas acceleration test was conducted to identify the deterioration of Korean traditional textiles according to HCHO concentration(0.5, 1, 10, 100, 500ppm), to temperature-humidity condition at HCHO 500ppm, and deterioration conditions at HCHO 500ppm. Optical, chemical, and physical evaluation was carried out after the exposure. The results, color difference, grey scale rating, formate($HCO_2{^-}$) of some textiles increased at 500ppm, while pH decreased at 500ppm. Also, color difference, grey scale rating, formate($HCO_2{^-}$) of some textiles increased double damage at high temperatures & humidity, high humidity condition. But, damages of accelerated degradation textiles were slight, because of degradation degree and degradation products. The results suggest that determined the damage to the korean traditional textile, damage level, damage-weighted condition, damage to accelerated degradation textiles. In addition, formaldehyde damaged to yellowing of red textiles, bleaching of accelerated degradation textiles, formic acid damaged to bleaching of total 20 specimens.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.581-593
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• 2018

Studies on ancient iron production technologies still have challenges to overcome, although there have been many results that have enabled us to understand these old technologies. The purpose of this study is to propose a suitable temperature condition for smelting experiments. The target for reconstruction is a smelting-smithing process in the ancient Jungwon area, and the experiment was designed on the basis of published research, such as archaeological evidence. Experiment A was performed at a low temperature to produce low-carbon iron, while Experiment B was conducted at a relatively high temperature to synthesize high-carbon iron. In addition, the low-carbon iron proved to be suitable for the smithing process. Moreover, aspects such as the microstructure and chemical composition of the slag and the surface condition of the furnace wall showed that the low-temperature smelting process was closer to the ancient method. It is important to mention the premise that the reconstruction of ancient technology can be achieved when the results of an experiment replicate the conditions of a real site. The results show that direct smelting, which produces low-carbon iron bloom under a low-temperature condition, should be the subject of smelting experiments concerning the iron production technologies of the ancient Jungwon area.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.981-997
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• 2014

This study set out to examine the adaptation capabilities of husbands in multicultural families and further identify strengths to maintain a healthy multicultural family based on the grounded theory. For those objectives, the investigator had an ongoing interview with ten husbands that had a child in the setting of multicultural family and were judged to maintain a healthy family. Question analysis through the method of Strauss & Cobin and the abstraction and categorization process among similar concepts identified total 89 concepts, 24 subcategories, and 11 categories. In a paradigm model according to the axial coding results, the causal condition was "having an international marriage with the spouse"; the contextual conditions were "crisis in the development of multicultural family" and "general family conflicts"; the mediating condition was "positive self-rationalization"; and the central phenomena were "family-oriented value" and "cultural tolerance." The operation and interaction strategies for them were "forming communicative couple relationships," "cultivating cultural sensibility," and "utilizing unofficial external resources." The adaptation capabilities were "satisfaction with family life" and "pride in building a healthy multicultural family."

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine the actual using condition of Yogawear and consumer's preference of Yogawear with traditional pattern. Yogawear can be developed as a cultural fashion item, because Yoga is getting universal interest with "Wellbeing Trend". A survey with 34 questionnaires was made by 305 consumers who had ever experienced Yoga from July to August, 2006. The results are as follows: 1. Most of objects were female(94%). Those who are in their twenties accounted for 50%, and those who take Yoga practice time less than 1 year accounted 63%, and those who take Yoga practice time less than 1 hour in a week accounted 46%. 2. Respondents who have Yogawear accounted 32% and they bought it in a online-shopping mall(48%), department store(16%) and discount store(11%). 3. Only 31% of respondents were satisfied of their Yogawear but they weren't satisfied about Yogawear Design, fabric and color. 4. Most preferred Yogawear style was pastel colored 'shirt & Pants' style with long sleeve using cotton fabric. 5. They liked much more modern Yogawear having korean image than completely korean style Yogawear or modern style Yogawear. 6.The benefits of Yogawear were 3 dimension: appearance, easy management, physical properties.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.64-71
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• 2006

After destruction of the Naksansa which was due to Yangyang forest fire, this the fundamental research about the disaster prevention countermeasures of tradition buddhist temple cultural treasure was performed. The present condition of tradition buddhist temple and related laws were investigated and the present damage condition of the Naksansa was surveyed. Also, the fire damage cases of tradition buddhist temple and the fire laws and regulations were investigated, and the survey about disaster prevention countermeasures was carried out. This research drew up the basic material about the disaster prevention countermeasures of traditional buddhist temple.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1980

Lowland and upland rice were grown concurrently under the both lowland and upland conditions. Yield and its components such as one liter weight, 1, 000 grain weight, number of grain per panicle and number of panicle per hill were compared between varieties and between cultural conditions. Variations of rice quality were also observed about amylose content, alkali digestion value and protein content between varieties and cultural conditions. Most of lowland varieties showed high growing vigour and yielding ability in lowland culture, and they also showed high variations between the lowland and upland cultures compared to upland variety. Upland varieties were revealed higher adaptability in productivity to the lowland condition than upland condition.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.21
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.24-43
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• 2015

Since 2011, when Oegyujanggak Uigwe(Records of the State Rites of the Joseon Dynasty) were returned from France, which were looted in 1866 by the French Navy, national attention to our cultural properties abroad was explosively increased and public pressure has been mounting that those cultural properties should be returned in Korea. According to the statistics of "Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation" Korean cultural Properties, which exist in foreign countries, amounts 160,342 in total 20 countries. Among them about half of them are estimated to be illegally exported cultural property, these are to be restituted. However, in reality it is not so easy to restitute illegally exported cultural properties. For this, it needs to be established a long-term and systematic plan for return of cultural properties from other countries. This paper starts from such a critical mind and tries to find legal policy measures for the return of illegally exported cultural properties. To this end, the author first describes motive and aim of this research in chapter I. and overviews basic understanding and current situation of export of cultural property as well as means and methods of return of cultural property in chapter II. and then deals with international and national norms that are involved in the dispute concerned return of cultural properties in chapter III. Based on this research, in chapter IV., which can be considered as a key part of this paper, the author proposed nine legal policy measures for restitution of cultural properties from foreign countries. That is, actual condition survey of cultural properties in foreign countries, unified management and implement of export ID on cultural properties, fund-raising for the diversification of means of return of cultural properties. local utilization of cultural properties, joining in the multilateral conventions and expansion of the bilateral agreements, restitution and cooperation through international organizations, restitution through lawsuit and arbitration, training experts on restitution of cultural property and networking with foreign experts. Finally, the author summarized his opinion in chapter V. which comprehended researching the above.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.47-68
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• 2010

In this study, a unit of regional tourism as a cluster of innovative strategies that can be an assumption that the activation of tourism clusters building on local festivals and participated to review the empirical aims. The purpose of this study was to achieve literature and empirical research were given recognition for the cultural festival in Chungnam, Chungcheong-do you want to go to the local cultural festival linked to the tourist attractions, the cluster characteristics, participation motives, the festival satisfaction, revisit the decision, recommendation of the The analysis was carried out degrees. To this end, local cultural festivals and attractions, Chungnam 150 spectators in the survey was conducted, the statistical analysis using SAS 9 statistical package program was analyzed. Used for statistical analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis. Festival of the cluster attribute satisfaction and revisit four on the most direct impact on the competitive conditions were not. Festival in regard to motivation and satisfaction with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation in returning to the doctor more were affected. The condition is the element intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation is a race condition was the biggest influence. Therefore, the element condition Satisfaction Festival, a race condition in four to revisit the biggest indirect impact can be seen.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.610-621
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• 2018

In conservation treatment lacquer has been used variously as a restoration material. However, dealing with Lacquer is very difficult as it dried in high humidity that can be harmful to the base materials. Also being natural varnish, dried lacquer layer is very different from the drying condition and the quality of the lacquer. These make difficult to predict the result of drying lacquer. In this study, using the humidity control machine, firstly, the main contents of the two different type of lacquer was experimented. And these lacquers was cured in various conditions. The duration time was checked until totally hardened. After that, obtained lacquer layers was analyzed to understand optical properties. Therefore, this study made a result about the relationship between characteristics of lacquer layer and the hardening condition. As a result, duration time of the Korean lacquer drying which has average 13.4% more urushiol than the Chinese lacquer is recorded a twice or triple decrease over it of the Chinese one. And, in all types of lacquer, the higher humidity makes the faster a pace of lacquer dried. In same lacquer, the shorter the duration time of drying lacquer is much darker and glossier. However, gloss deteriorated in saturated humidity. In humidity lower than RH 70%, lacquer is not hardened in 336 hours. When the layer totally cured through long period more than 30 days, the drying lacquer is appeared high brightness and almost transparent. Thus, in lower than RH 70%, it is hard to obtain durable layer.