• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2014

Lentinula edodes is known by oak mushroom. It has been favored as delicious and nutritious food and the low-calorie food with a high nutritional value. It is also functional food since it contains a material well-known for its medicinal benefits. Since the growth and quality of oak mushrooms are sensitively affected by environmental conditions, an adequate environmental control is very essential to improve the yield and quality under protected cultivation. The main objectives of the study were to investigate cultural characteristics of mycelial growth and in vitro fruiting of Lentinula edodes. The optimum culture media for mycelial growth of L. edodes were PDA and MYA. Similarly, optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C$. Malt extract(2%) and yeast extract(0.2%) were optimum carbon and nitrogen sources. Optimal culture period was 110~120 days in sawdust medium. Mycelial growth in medium(61 mm/7 days) Quercus mongolica extract the most good. Among different five log types, highest mycelial growth and fruiting productivity were observed in Quercus variabilis sawdust(20.9%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.118-125
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• 2009

Goryeong Jeesandong tombs No.73 from the 5th century located in Gyeongsangbookdo is the most representative remains of the Daegaya. They were excavated and examined by the Daedong Research Center for Cultural Properties. In this study, the textiles in the Goryeong Jeesandong tomb No.73 is identified and their features are examined through scientific analysis. Due to the fact that the remains were not treated for preservation, we were able to observe many samples under the microscope. Within the hemp textiles both hemp and ramie were made using s-twist threads and the thread count distribution is calculated to be 8.0${\sim}$20.0/$cm^2$. Among the silk, the taffeta was categorized into five types. First, there was plain woven silk which the thickness of the warp and the weft is the same and their rate of threadcount was the same. The second type was thin tabby which is spacious between threads. The third kind was woven by warp and weft which had very different thickness. The fourth type used two threads for each warp. The fifth kind used two threads for the warp threads and used thick threads for the weft for a modified plain weave, and it is the first of its kind to be found. Also, there was a compound weave with warp-faced compound weave among silk.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.489-492
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• 2013

A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.114-146
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• 2006

Now, Korea-U.S.A Free Trade Agreement talk is underway in Korea. In FTA talks, the issues on audio-visual sector including screen quota, opening of broadcasting and telecommunication to the U.S.A. are becoming a hot potato. Globalization has been speed up by mass media and telecommunications. Cultures are no longer bounded by specific place but, through the migration of persons and the electronic flows of information, ideas and images, transgress established boundaries. So issues and debates have to be focused on global culture and cultural imperialism. Some would argue global culture is the consequences of capitalist world-system, so dominance by the center should be criticized and vanished. Some would say that global culture would help recipient society's people with cultural diversify and improvement. The issues on culture and communication, particularly at international level call for our attention in light of cultural identity, homogenization and diversity. Although I criticize the cultural imperialism thesis, I suggest critical acceptance of cultural imperialism. That is the observation of complexity between internal and external dynamics. The process of cultural imperialism is not simple and unitary. It rather involves the various forces of internal dynamics along with external forces.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

The consumption of animal flesh food in Ethiopia has associated with cultural practices. Meat plays pivotal and vital parts in special occasions and its cultural symbolic weight is markedly greater than that accorded to most other food. Processing and cooking of poultry is a gender based duty and has socio-cultural roles. Ethiopians are dependent on limited types of animals for meats due to the taboo associated culturally. Moreover, the consumption of meat and meat products has a very tidy association with religious beliefs, and are influenced by religions. The main religions of Ethiopia have their own peculiar doctrines of setting the feeding habits and customs of their followers. They influence meat products consumption through dictating the source animals that should be used or not be used for food, and scheduling the days of the years in periodical permeation and restriction of consumptions which in turn influences the pattern of meat consumption in the country. In Ethiopia, a cow or an ox is commonly butchered for the sole purpose of selling within the community. In special occasions, people have a cultural ceremony of slaughtering cow or ox and sharing among the group, called Kircha, which is a very common option of the people in rural area where access of meat is challenging frequently.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

We characterized the smelting process and smelting furnace through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and raman micro-spectroscopy with 13 relics including slags and furnace walls excavated from square-shaped building sites and pits of the Three Kingdoms site at the Ungyo site section I. Our results revealed that the principal components were FeO and SiO₂; and CuO, PbO, and ZnO were contained in small quantities. Furthermore, fayalite, magnetite, augite, copper, and cuprite were found. High contents of FeO or SiO₂ components seem to have been added to form fayalite to remove gangue in the smelting process. The relatively low content of S detected in the copper prills suggests that roasting was performed well. Cristobalite and mullite, which are minerals that indicate high-temperature found in the furnace wall, show that the smelting temperature was higher than 1,250℃. The findings of this study show a high possibility that the Wanju Ungyo site is smelting remains of copper ores, which are nonferrous metals, rather than iron. Various smelting byproducts excavated in this area in the future will help us better understand the copper smelting process that may have been performed since ancient times.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2013

South Korea is changing into a multi-cultural society, due to an increase in international marriage, foreign workers and transcultural immigration. In addition, the number of North Korean defectors entering South Korea has increased and now, there are approximately 25000. Therefore, this review have focused on a research that pertains to adaptation and mental health concerns of their children. Children who have immigrated themselves or whose parents have immigrated, might experience language barriers, difficulties in school adjustment, identity confusion and mental health problems. However, their academic performance and developmental status are known to be variable and be affected by socioeconomic status and their parents' educational level. Studies that evaluated the psychological problems of North Korean adolescent refugees' indicated the need for interests in both emotional and behavioral problems. The risk factors of North Korean adolescent refugees' mental health are suggested to be past traumatic experiences, long duration of defection and short period of adaptation. When mental health professionals provide assessment and treatment, they should consider the pre- and post-migration experiences & cultural background that affect the illness behaviors and attitudes toward mental illnesses. Lastly, the majority of children with multi-cultural background are still under an adolescent period and we should follow up with long-term perspectives.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2015

Since 1795, 106 districts in Japan have been selected as Important Historic Preservation Districts (Juuyo dentouteki kenzoubutsugun hozon chiku [Juudenken]). The system for protection of cultural properties enables the local government to name a "Preservation District" and allows for the development of a preservation plan based on local ordinances. Moreover, the well-organized, bottom-up networks, which are groups for community development activities on the basis of local participation, play an important role in raising awareness and conducting several preservation projects in their own towns. This study mainly focused on cultural resources management in the local community. The system, which possibly bridged the gap between the local authorities and the community, was revealed. Fifty non-profit groups and active citizens, who were engaged in an advanced stage of community participation in Juudenken, were selected to be interviewed. The results then were analyzed using STAT program. The significant associations were shown by mapping the associations related to the public process of community involvement. Each variable had its own significant meaning and contributed credible indirect association to community involvement. The network mapping indicated that balancing the local economy and technical conservation was important in generating community involvement, which provided a model on how local authorities and communities could articulate and maintain their own cultural resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to provide a townscape design guideline that harmonized with a historic landscape via condition investigation and landscape analysis of the cultural /commercial environment district where an improvement is a necessity. The followings are the conclusions: 1.To enhance the identity of Gyeongju, should pursue diversity in unity by making the image of architectural landscape a similar peculiarity. 2.The central commercial district where the tradition is valued and contemporary figures meet the tradition needs a landscape formation by CONTEXT. 3.Since a characteristic of the target area is a regional commercial center, to reduce its congestion, reforming the area to simple environment is required. 4.Induce buildings located on the streets with cultural properties to have Korean traditional tiled roof in order to fit in with their surroundings. 5.Make it a rule to partition a wall into tripartition, the wall surface exposed should be the same finishing materials. 6.Consider the visual aspect of pedestrians and a building's width, the recommendable height of the facade should be 3~3.6m. 7.For the design archetype of cornice, four traditional types based on Korean traditional eaves are suggested. 8.The design of signboards should break existing square-shapes, and seek a design to take advantage of icons that historicity and traditionalist of the city are expressed.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.13
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• pp.37-58
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• 1992

Iron artifacts from Busǒ Sansǒng inffered to late Baikjae periodwere studied on the aspects of metallugy. These materials were the largest size ever since excavated. From the analytical results these artifacts were found to be pureiron system without impurities or hypo-eutectoid steel system in below 0.3% in carbon contents. From the content of phosphorus in the range of 0.03∼0.05% as aim purity it was shown that charcoal were used for making these iron artifacts from sponge iron not fusion method. By observing metallugical structure it was found that iron artifacts was manufactured by repetitive folding and hammering forging method and some by heating method for adding carbon with cool water. This method were to improve the quality of the soften steel to harden one. In addition to those above repetitive hammering method eliminated the nonferrous materials such as slag inclusion and remained relatively pure ferrite.