• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2022

The effect of year, varieties, nitrogen application, and transplant time were examined in relation to rice of protein. An experiment was conducted using 12 rice varieties to investigate the effect of management and weather conditions on brown rice protein of during the filling stage. The transplanting time was set to be three groups including early, medium, and late timing. The nitrogen application was set to be 0 N kg / 10a, 9N kg / 10a and 18 N kg / 10a to examine the effect of fertilizer management on protein content. Field experiments were conducted in three growing seasons including 2019, 2020, and 2021. The brown rice of protein content were 5.7%, 5.9%, and 6.6% under early, medium, and late transplanting time conditions, respectively. The protein content differ by variety. For example, Chucheong, Hopum, Ilpum, Mipum, Odae, Saenuri, and Saeilmi had more than 6.1%, and Chindeul, Shindongjin, Samkwang, Unkwang, Younhojinmi were less than 6.1%. Nitrogen content was 5.7% for 0kgN /10a, 6.1% for 9kgN /10a, and 6.8% for 18kgN /10a. The contribution of the characteristics to the protein content was highest in nitrogen content (38.8%), followed by transplanting time (13.7%), variety (8.2%), and year (3.5%). The average temperature for 20 days after heading time was the highest (9.3%), followed by sunshine duration (3.9%) and solar radiation (3.5%). Our results revealed that brown rice protein content was determined to be affected by changes in average temperature, sunshine duration and solar radiation for 20 days after heading time. This suggested that assessment of temperature and solar radiation after heading time would indicate the degree of rice quality in terms of protein.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.465-474
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• 2011

Agricultural environment of Lam Dong province, which is located in central highland area, is totally different from that of other lower areas in Vietnam. In Lam Dong province, abundant plant resources were naturally grown such as pine trees, taxus, and wild orchids, which can grow in high mountainous area. In Lam Dong, the field proportion of perennial crops was higher than that of annual crops. However, the field proportion and yields of vegetables were highest among the all cultivated crops, estimating 38% (36,552ha) and 72% (993,082MT), respectively. Especially in Da Lat, vegetables, flowers, orchids, and industrial crops were mainly produced because this area is geographically close to Ho Chi Minh city. And also in Da Lat, 64% (8,447ha) and 36% (4,777ha) of farm fields were used for producing annual and perennial crops, respectively, and the yields of fresh vegetables in this area was estimated to 213,478MT which was 21.5% of the whole yields in Lam Dong province. Thus Korea, Taiwan, Japan, France, and Holland have invested to agriculture in Da Lat for producing and exporting flowers, vegetables, and tea. In 2009, flower cultivation area of Da Lat was over 55% in Lam Dong province and average amount of values were 9,781 million USD, which was higher than that of al other crops. Thus following strategies could be suggested for the development of agriculture in Lam Dong province. The first, agricultural cooperation with Da Lat, Lam Dong, should be characterized to horticulture and floriculture, followed by supporting both appropriate R&D techniques and equipments. And then agricultural system should be made in relationship with the local companies. Finally, agricultural cooperation program should be conducted toward the direction for both donor and recipient countries.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.163-174
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• 2018

Rice cultivation is immensely affected by many climatic factors including temperature, precipitation, etc, and imbalanced climatic conditions negatively affect the growth of rice. In this study, we investigated the effects of different agroclimatic zones of Chungnam Province on rice quality and examined the correlations between climatic characteristics and rice yield components. Average temperatures and rainfall were higher in 'Western Sobaek Inland' than those in the 'South Western coastal zone, and precipitation records showed a wide variation among counties due to typhoons during the examined periods. The average accumulative temperature affecting the magnitude of production during reproductive growth periods was higher in "Cheon-An", "Gong-Ju", "Yeon-Gi (Se-Jong)", "Bo-Ryeong", and "Dang-Jin" counties than those in other counties. The plant height was higher in 'Western Sobaek Inland' counties such as "Yeon-Gi(Se-Jong)" and "Cheon-An", and 'Southern Charyeong Plain' counties such as "Cheong-Yang", "Dang-Jin", and "A-San", than those in other counties. The number of tillers during the 40 days after rice transplantation in "Seo-Cheon" and "Bo-Ryeong" counties increased compared to other counties. This result was relevant to the fact that the date of rice transplantation in those counties was 3 to 4 days later than those in other counties of Chung-Nam Province. The average yield (milled rice basis) was the highest in 'Western Sobaek Inland' zone, showing 3,756 kg ha^-1, followed by 'Southern Charyeong Plain' zone showing 3,621kg ha^-1, and was the lowest in 'South Western coastal zone by 3,315kg ha^-1. "Yeon-Gi(Se-Jong)" and "Dang-Jin" counties showed the highest yields of 4,100kg ha^-1. "Seo-San", "Seo-Cheon", and "Tae-An" counties were relatively lower yields of 3,240~3,280kg ha^-1 in comparison of other counties.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.435-445
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of vinegar extract from seed of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and seed of tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertner) on acute ethanol-induced hangover in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vinegar extract from buckwheat is rich choline, quercetin and its glycoside, rutin known as flavonoid antioxidants. The test extract containing buckwheat was proven to alleviate hangovers through a significant reduction in the concentration of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the context of an alcohol-induced hangover model. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were significantly higher in buckwheat vinegar-treated rats than in ethanol-treated rats. Moreover, tartary buckwheat vinegar upregulated antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase and Catalase activities in liver tissues. These results suggest that buckwheat vinegar extract could alleviate ethanol-induced hangover symptoms by elevating activities related to hepatic ethanol-metabolizing enzymes against ethanol induced metabolites, and in particular, tartary buckwheat should be further developed to be a novel anti-hangover material.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.455-468
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• 2023

We aimed to assess the potential growth-promoting effects of buckwheat sprout on intestinal bacteria and their anti-inflammation effects in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation. The growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis BT1 was enhanced with the addition of the sprout extract of tartary buckwheat. Further, in the inflammatory model cells cultured with Raw 264.7 cells were treated with buckwheat sprout including each 10 probiotics before the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation in Raw 264.7 cells. Buckwheat sprout in both Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis BT1 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC5 significantly reduced the production of NO and PGE₂. The above results indicate that buckwheat sprout extract which contains with various physiologically active substances such as rutin, quercetin, and choline is effective in suppressing NO and PGE₂ production, which are inflammation-related indicators. The present study suggests that buckwheat sprout could induce positive effects on the intestinal beneficial bacteria and in anti-inflammation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.134-146
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• 2023

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a major soybean disease caused by an oomycete, Phytophthora sojae. PRR can be severe in poorly drained fields or wet soils. The disease management primarily relies on resistance genes called Rps (resistance to P. sojae). This study aimed to identify resistance loci associated with resistance to P. sojae isolate 40468 in Daepung × CheonAl recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. CheonAl is resistant to the isolate, while Daepung is generally susceptible. We genotyped the parents and RIL population via high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and constructed a set of genetic maps. The presence or absence of resistance to P. sojae was evaluated via hypocotyl inoculation technique, and phenotypic distribution fit to a ratio of 1:1 (R:S) (χ² = 0.57, p = 0.75), indicating single gene mediated inheritance. Single-marker association and the linkage analysis identified a highly significant genomic region of 55.9~56.4 megabase pairs on chromosome 18 that explained ~98% of phenotypic variance. Many previous studies have reported several Rps genes in this region, and also it contains nine genes that are annotated to code leucine-rich repeat or serine/threonine kinase within the approximate 500 kilobase pairs interval based on the reference genome database. CheonAl is the first domestic soybean genotype characterized for resistance against P. sojae isolate 40468. Therefore, CheonAl could be a valuable genetic source for breeding resistance to P. sojae.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.158-164
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• 2006

Yongdam Lake is the fifth largest artificial lake in Korea newly formed by the first impounding the Yongdam Multi-purpose Dam on December, 2002. Yongdam Lake, with her total water storage of 820 million M/T, is located at the roof-top region of the streams flowing into the just-constructed new Saemankeum Lake. Seasonal succession of phytoplakton in Yongdam Lake might affect cyanobacterial blooms in Saemankeum Lake by inoculating seasonal dominants. During 2002-2003 when the first impounding after the construction of Yongdam Multi-purpose Dam was still undergoing, summer cyanobacterial blooms by Anabaena, Microcystis, and Aphanizomenon were observed. Among these three, filamentous Anabaena is well known to have its species with $N_2-fixing$ ability and special cells such as heterocysts and akinetes as well as the vegetative cells. We established a clonal culture of Anabaena spiroides v. crasse (KNU-YD0310) from the live water samples collected at the bloom site of Yongdam Lake. The N- and P-nutrient requirement of the KNU-YD0310 was explored by the experimental cultivation of the laboratory strain. Ratio of heterocysts to vegetative cells increased as N-deficiency extended with its maximum at $N_2-fixing$ condition. The strain KNU-YD0310 exhibited considerable growth under N-limiting conditions while its growth was proportional to the initial phosphate-P concentration under P-deficient conditions. Under P-limiting conditions akinete density increased, which could be interpreted as an adaptation strategy to survive severe environment by transforming into resting stage. The above eco-physiological characteristics of Anabaena spiroides v. crassa might be useful as an ecological criterion in controlling cyanobacterial blooms at Shaemankeum Lake in near future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.45-61
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• 2024

This study looked in-depth at the importance of cultivating and manifesting entrepreneurship, which is emphasized for companies to gain a competitive advantage and promote innovation in the uncertain environment that organizations face and in the development of technology due to recent industrial advancement, the following innovative performance, and the mechanisms in the performance process. Entrepreneurship is emphasized as a key factor in inducing creative work performance, creation and application of new ideas, and innovative performance at various levels within the organization in various global companies. In particular, this study examined the influence of the CEO's cultivation and expression of entrepreneurship as an organizational leader on the innovative behavior of organizational members, which is a leading factor in the organization's innovative performance, and the role of creative self-efficacy as a mechanism. Through this, the study was to verify the importance of creativity and cultivating a sense of self-efficacy for demonstrating innovative performance within an organization. Additionally, it was to confirm the role of organizational commitment of organizational members as a situational factor. For the empirical analysis, a total of 247 office workers were surveyed, sampled from 10 venture companies engaged in the manufacturing industry in industrial complexes in Daejeon, Korea. As the result of empirical analysis showed, it was confirmed that each sub-factor of the CEO's entrepreneurship had a positive effect on the innovative behavior of organizational members. And in the process, the importance of the creative self-efficacy of members to demonstrate innovative performance was verified by confirming positively significant mediating effect of creative self-efficacy. Furthermore, in the case of organizational commitment, it was found that the innovativeness and proactiveness of the CEO strengthened the positive influence on the creative efficacy of the organization members. Based on the results of empirical analysis, theoretical and practical implications were provided to improve the importance of cultivating and manifesting the CEO's entrepreneurship to demonstrate innovation within the organization.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 2023

Milling can affect the distribution of mycotoxins in small grains. To investigate the effects on barley, seven hulled barley and three naked barley samples naturally contaminated with trichothecenes and zearalenone were obtained and milled at commonly used rates. Both barleys were simultaneously contaminated with deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives (98.1-2,197.8 ㎍/kg), nivalenol and its acetyl derivative (468.5-3,965.1 ㎍/kg), and zearalenone (4.1-274.2 ㎍/kg). Milling hulled barleys at a rate of 67% reduced the mycotoxins in the grain by 90.9% for deoxynivalenol, 87.7% for nivalenol, and 93.2% for zearalenone. The reduction in naked barleys (milled at a rate of 70%) was slightly lower than in hulled barleys, with 88.6% for deoxynivalenol, 80.2% for nivalenol, and 70.1% for zearalenone. In both barleys, the acetyl derivatives of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol were reduced by 100%. However, barley bran had significantly higher mycotoxin concentrations than the pre-milled grains: bran from hulled barley had a 357% increase in deoxynivalenol, 252% increase in nivalenol, and 169% increase in zearalenone. Similarly, bran from naked barley had a 337% increase in deoxynivalenol, 239% increase in nivalenol, and 554% increase in zearalenone. These results show that mycotoxins present in the outer layers of barley grain can be effectively removed through the milling process. As milling redistributes mycotoxins from the grain into the bran, however, it shows that advance monitoring of barley bran is recommended when using barley bran for human or animal consumption.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.474-480
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• 2016

In this study, formation background of biodiversity and its changes in the process of geologic history, and effects of climate change on biodiversity and human were discussed and the alternatives to reduce the effects of climate change were suggested. Biodiversity is 'the variety of life' and refers collectively to variation at all levels of biological organization. That is, biodiversity encompasses the genes, species and ecosystems and their interactions. It provides the basis for ecosystems and the services on which all people fundamentally depend. Nevertheless, today, biodiversity is increasingly threatened, usually as the result of human activity. Diverse organisms on earth, which are estimated as 10 to 30 million species, are the result of adaptation and evolution to various environments through long history of four billion years since the birth of life. Countlessly many organisms composing biodiversity have specific characteristics, respectively and are interrelated with each other through diverse relationship. Environment of the earth, on which we live, has also created for long years through extensive relationship and interaction of those organisms. We mankind also live through interrelationship with the other organisms as an organism. The man cannot lives without the other organisms around him. Even though so, human beings accelerate mean extinction rate about 1,000 times compared with that of the past for recent several years. We have to conserve biodiversity for plentiful life of our future generation and are responsible for sustainable use of biodiversity. Korea has achieved faster economic growth than any other countries in the world. On the other hand, Korea had hold originally rich biodiversity as it is not only a peninsula country stretched lengthily from north to south but also three sides are surrounded by sea. But they disappeared increasingly in the process of fast economic growth. Korean people have created specific Korean culture by coexistence with nature through a long history of agriculture, forestry, and fishery. But in recent years, the relationship between Korean and nature became far in the processes of introduction of western culture and development of science and technology and specific natural feature born from harmonious combination between nature and culture disappears more and more. Population of Korea is expected to be reduced as contrasted with world population growing continuously. At this time, we need to restore biodiversity damaged in the processes of rapid population growth and economic development in concert with recovery of natural ecosystem due to population decrease. There were grand extinction events of five times since the birth of life on the earth. Modern extinction is very rapid and human activity is major causal factor. In these respects, it is distinguished from the past one. Climate change is real. Biodiversity is very vulnerable to climate change. If organisms did not find a survival method such as 'adaptation through evolution', 'movement to the other place where they can exist', and so on in the changed environment, they would extinct. In this respect, if climate change is continued, biodiversity should be damaged greatly. Furthermore, climate change would also influence on human life and socio-economic environment through change of biodiversity. Therefore, we need to grasp the effects that climate change influences on biodiversity more actively and further to prepare the alternatives to reduce the damage. Change of phenology, change of distribution range including vegetation shift, disharmony of interaction among organisms, reduction of reproduction and growth rates due to odd food chain, degradation of coral reef, and so on are emerged as the effects of climate change on biodiversity. Expansion of infectious disease, reduction of food production, change of cultivation range of crops, change of fishing ground and time, and so on appear as the effects on human. To solve climate change problem, first of all, we need to mitigate climate change by reducing discharge of warming gases. But even though we now stop discharge of warming gases, climate change is expected to be continued for the time being. In this respect, preparing adaptive strategy of climate change can be more realistic. Continuous monitoring to observe the effects of climate change on biodiversity and establishment of monitoring system have to be preceded over all others. Insurance of diverse ecological spaces where biodiversity can establish, assisted migration, and establishment of horizontal network from south to north and vertical one from lowland to upland ecological networks could be recommended as the alternatives to aid adaptation of biodiversity to the changing climate.