• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2005

Anatomical properties of kenaf cultivated in Korea was investigated using light microscopy. Bast fiber, phloem ray and cortex parenchyma cell were observed in bast, and vessel, wood fiber and ray in core. A lot of solitary and multiple radial pores in core existed. The cell type of ray parenchyma in radial section was procumbent, upright and square cells. Uniseriate and multiseriate rays existed in tangential section. The layer of bast fiber in bast increased with increasing the growth period.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2013

To conserve wood resources for papermaking, chemical compositions of the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bast fiber cultivated in Korea such as holocellulose, ${\alpha}$-cellulose, lignin, alcohol-benzene extractives, hot and cold water extractives, and ash contents were investigated to manufacture the specialty packaging paper effectively. Significantly very low klason lignin content of 3.3% was accomplished by removing of the outer shell of bark. Laboratory soda pulping method which is very useful for the nonwood fiber was adapted, and it was found that there was no significant difference in both kappa number and H-factor between 25% and 30% NaOH charge. Hemp pulp cooked with the laboratory digester in 25% NaOH at $170^{\circ}C$ were mixed together with the wood pulp(NBKP:LBKP=1:1) in order to find the optimum mixture ratio which exhibited acceptable paper strength properties such as tensile index, burst index, and tear strength. When 10% of hemp soda pulps was mixed with 90% of wood pulps comprised of SwBKP and HwBKP (1:1), all physical strength increased significantly. The physical strength decreased as the amount of hemp pulp increased because the cell wall of bast fiber is very thick which causes low conformability and low fiber-fiber bonding. These results showed that paper made of hemp-wood pulp can be used for the specialty packaging paper which requires both the characteristic surface properties and the high physical strength of hemp fiber.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 1981

In order to investigate early identification of species of the wood-decaying fungi in the the mycelial stage, the authors isolated of 41 species, 28 genus, 9 family at 8 locations in Korea and cultivated these isolates on the various kinds of solid media. After investigating such cultural characteristics as oxidase reactions with tannic and gallic acid, various morphological features of colony and growth grade, appeared on the various media, the authors obtained the following results : 1. The oxidase reactions with tannic and gallic acid in the PDTA, DTA, PDGA and DGA media are available for identificantion of the wood-decaying fungi. 2. The oxidase reactions with guaiacol, pyrogallol and hydroquinone in the PDGUA, PDPA and PDHA media are not so much available for identification of the wood-decaying fungi. 3. Morphological features of colonies such as mycelium color, floccose, floccose-powdery, mycelloid, powdery-mycelloid, velvet, radiate, contoured, rosulate and growth grade on the PDA, PSA and PXA media are useful for identification of wood-decaying fungi. 4. It is believed that early identification in species level of wood-decaying fungi using cultural characteristics in the mycelial stage is possible. 5. The key for the identification of 41 species of wood-decaying fungi is proposed by the cultural characteristics using several solid media.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.305-310
• /
• 2017

Twelve lactic acid bacteria harboring ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.40) activity were isolated from traditional Korean foods. The 6 strains (Weissella confuse [n = 1], Lactobacillus pentosus [n = 1], and Lactobacillus plantarum [n = 4]) with the highest rhamnosidase activity were selected for bioconversion of an extract of wood-cultivated ginseng. The L. plantarum MBE/L2990 strain increased ginsenoside content (0.58 mg for Rg1 and 0.24 mg for Rg5) and showed higher bioconversion activity than the control strain L. plantarum KCTC21004 (56% and 42% increase for Rg1 and Rg5, respectively). L. plantarum MBE/L2990 was deposited at the Korean Collection for Type Cultures as Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC18529P.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.45-45
• /
• 1982

There are many important exotic species in Korea, such as white pine, pitch pine, jack pine, oak, ash, etc. Some of them are already being used for various construction purposes, in spite of their history imported to and cultivated in Korea being very young. No study was carried out on the various properties of these exotic species, which arc needed for their proper use at present.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2006

Radial variations of resin canals in Pinus koraicnsis and Larix kaempferi which were cultivated-commercial trees in Korea, were examined to understand the characteristics of wood with light microscopy. Both species showed significant differences in the number of vertical resin canals along the radial direction from pith to bark. In Larix kaempferi, the diameters of horizontal resin canals and the number of epithelial cells showed a clear variation in radial direction. Namely, significant differences in the characteristics of the resin canals and epithelial cells were found in juvenile and adult woods. Consequently, it was concluded that the characteristics of resin canals can he used to estimate the wood quality.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.360-370
• /
• 2019

Woody crops cultivated in short-rotation coppices are attractive sources of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production, since they are some of the most abundant renewable resources. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the growth period on bioethanol production using short-rotation woody crops (Populus nigra ${\times}$ Populus maxiwiczii, Populus euramericana, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa, and Salix alba). The carbohydrate contents of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches were 62.1-68.5% and 64.0-67.1%, respectively. The chemical compositions of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches did not vary significantly depending upon the growth period. However, the 3-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches (glucose conversion: 26-40%) were hydrolyzed more easily than their 12-year-old counterparts (glucose conversion: 19-24%). Furthermore, following the fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates from the crop branch samples (by Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7296) to ethanol, the ethanol concentration of short rotation coppice woody crops was found to be higher in the 3-year-old branch samples (~ 0.18 g/g dry matter) than in the 12-year-old branch samples (~ 0.14 g/g dry matter). These results suggest that immature wood (3-year-old branches) from short-rotation woody crops could be a promising feedstock for bioethanol production.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.270-273
• /
• 2008

Trichoderma spp. cause large crop losses of the cultivated shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes. We bred several shiitake strains that are resistant to Trichoderma spp. using di-mon mating to establish a useful method for controlling the greenmold disease. We examined the competitive ability of L. edodes against Trichoderma spp. using a dual culture system to select resistant strains. By screening Trichoderma-resistant strains, we found that among 11 parental strains, 4 strains, including KFRI 36, were confirmed resistant strains. They showed especially strong resistance to T. harzianum, which formed deadlock after mycelial contact and then invaded into the territory of T. harzianum. KFRI 171 also showed resistance to T. atroviride strains. Among 13 strains, which were made by hybridization of shiitake strains, 5 were confirmed to be resistant to Trichoderma, including KFRI 58-1. Their resistance was not correlated to the resistant activity of their parents’ strains. Two strains lose resistance and two strains acquire resistance compared to their parents’ strains. In SEM observation, the mycelium of L. edodes at the interaction zone of Lentinula-Trichoderma was rugged and swollen by T. harzianum.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 1988

표고버섯(Lentinus edodes) 균에 의한 졸참나무(Quercus serrata)골목의 미시형태적 변화를 주사형전자현미경 (SEM)을 통해 관찰하였다. 표고 재배 5년후 골목의 중량 감소율은 50%에 달했다. 구성세포중 목섬유는 표고균사에 의해 쉽게 분해되었으나 도관과 유세포는 저항성을 나타냈다. SEM 관찰 결과 표고균사는 세포내강(內腔)에서부터 세포벽을 서서히 분해 박벽화(薄壁化)시켰으며, 또한 Cell corner가 중간층보다 먼저 공격을 받아 분해 되었으나 중간층은 쉽게 분해되지 않았다. 흥미롭게도 연부후(軟腐朽)의 전형적 형태인 2차막에서의 공동(空洞)역시 백색부후균인 표고균사에 의해 형성 되었다. 이상의 관찰결과 표고균은 백색부후와 연부후균이 갖는 미시형태적 특징을 동시에 보여 주었다. 아울러 중간층 보다 Cell corner가 먼저 선택적으로 분해되며, 도관세포벽의 분해저항성을 세포벽 구성 리그닌의 화학적 특성과 연관시켜 논의했다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 2006.06b
• /
• pp.349-352
• /
• 2006

The conventional pulping processes in Iran were reviewed in this paper. On account of forest resources restriction, a considerable extent of non-harvestable hardwood forests, the possibility of accessable non-wood resources and Poplar fast-growing species for using in pulp and paper industry was investigate. The cultivated area and abundance of each mentioned raw material (Wheat Straw, Sugarcane Bagasse, Poplars) were specified and the quality of their produced papers were compared in strength and opacity properties. Spruce species data was used for experiments comparisons. Regarding to environmental pollutions, low yield, inflexibility in wood and non-wood species resulted from the existent conventional processes of paper manufacturing, APMP is recommended due to high quality paper, desirable opacity properties, high yield and also the usage for all the raw materials.