• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1978

The increased application of phosphate on soybean grown in a newly cultivated hill-side field resulted: positive correlation phosphate content in soil and stem length. number of branches and yield. and between increased application of phosphate and yield and yield components. 46.2kg/10a of phosphate application out yielded by 69％ the nonapplied plot.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1988

Twelve soybean cultivars were cultivated in the 1/2,000a. Wagner pots with irrigation and without irrigation for 30 days after flowering, and the differences of plant growth and bean yield among cultivars were compared. And to investigate the varietal differences in the rate of photosynthesis under different relative humidity, 6soybean cultivars were cultivated in 1/2,000a. Wagner pot and the rate of photosynthesis of each soybean cultivar at flowering time was measured under the relative humidity of 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40%. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The days to maturity of the soybean cultivars were shortened by non-irrigation treatment. The response of the maturing dates to non-irrigation was significantly different among the soybean cultivars. The days for maturing of Paldal, Danyeob and Eundaedu were delayed 2 days but those of Jangbaek and Tamahomare were delayed about 7 to 8 days under non-irrigation treatment. 2. The stem length, stem diameter, number of nodes of the mainstem, number of branches and number of branch nodes of all soybean cultivars were decreased by non-irrigation treatment. The number of branches and the number of branch nodes were especially severely influenced by non-irrigation treatment. 3. The number of pods per plant and the number of perfect pods was significantly reduced by non-irrigation treatment but the number of imperfect pods was increased. The non-irrigation treatment reduced the number of pods per plant by 58.0% and the ratio of the number of the perfect pods per plant by 46.6% relative to the ordinary cultivation with irrigation. 4. The grain yield of all cultivars was significantly reduced by the non-irrigation treatment, and average grain yield of soybean cultivars cultivated under non-irrigation treatment was 35.9% of that of soybean cultivars cultivated with irrigation. The influence of non-irrigation treatment was lowest in Paldal and significantly high in Tamahomare and Jangbaek. 5. The rate of photosynthesis of soybean leaves was significantly different among cultivars and was also influenced by relative humidity. Ratio of the photosynthetic amount of soybean leaves at 40% RH to the maximum photosynthesis at optimal humidity was 97.2% in Paldal, 96.4% in Danyeob and 88.8% in Baekun. 6. At 40% relative air humidity, highly significant correlations were found among the photosynthesis rate, the amount of transpiration and the respiration rate.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1979

Wild soybean plants(Glycine ussuriensis) collected from Korea(47 strains) and abroad(41 strains) were grown under field condition and classified according to the growth habit. Seeds were analyzed for protein content. The results were as follows: 1. Wild soybean plants were classified into three groups each by seed size, growth habit of stem, leaf size and flowering time. 2. Seed protein was higher in the strains with large leaves, tendril, stem or late flowering. 3. Glycine gracilis, supposed to be the intermediate species between cultivated and wild soybean(according to the stem growth habit, straight or semitendril, and seed size) was medium in protein content of seeds. 4. The average protein content of Glycine ussuriensis, 43.2%, was highest in comparison with those of others such as G. gracilis, 37.5%, or G. max, 36.2%. 5. One hundred seed weight of Amphicarpaea trisperm, similar to the wild soybean, was almost same as Glycine ussuriensis, but protein content of this species was lower than wild soybeans.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.719-736
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• 2022

Environmental risk assessment of living modified (LM) crops is essential for their cultivation. In this study, we cultivated β-carotene enhanced transgenic soybean (LM soybean) and non-LM soybean (Gwangan) in living modified organism (LMO) isolated fields, and investigated changes in the insect fauna using three types of collection methods for three years. In total, 331,483 individual insects and arachnids, representing 82 families in 14 orders, were captured during the study. Totals of 166,518 and 164,965 individual insects and arachnids were collected from LM soybean and Gwangan, respectively. Throughout the study, although there were differences between the investigation year, region, and methods, there were no significant differences between the population densities of insect pests, natural enemies, and other insects on LM soybean and non-LM soybean. Also, there were no statistically significant differences between varieties in the results of the species diversity analysis. The data on insect species population densities were subjected to multidimensional scaling (MDS), which did not distinguish between the two varieties, LM soybean and the non-LM soybean, in all cultivated fields. However, the results of the MDS analysis were completely divided into six groups based on the yearly survey areas. These results provided the insect diversity for an environmental risk assessment of LM soybean and suggested that the guideline could be useful to detect LM crops.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.319-324
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds using on-line HPLC-RID-ES/MS and HPLC behavior, and to deter­mine their contents for high quality soybean breeding. The monosaccharide (glucose) and three oligosaccharides (sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose) were identified in Korean soybeans by their chromatographic behavior and results of on-line HPLC-RID-MS with Electro­spray Ionization mode. On the basis of HPLC with a RID detector, the 32 Korean major soybeans contain $0.37{\pm}0.26\%$ glucose, $4.55{\pm}0.91\%$ sucrose, $1.19{\pm}0.19\%$ raffinose, and $2.72{\pm}0.37\%$ stachyose on a dry basis. In 468 soybean germplasms, the ranges of glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose were $0.03 - 0.98\%$, $2.33 - 6.96\%$, $0.08 -1.87\%$ and $0.75 - 3.18\%$, respectively. Among 500 soybean samples, oligosaccharide contents of 32 Korean major cultivated soybeans and 468 soybean germplasms were varied $5.83 - 10.06\%$ and $3.66 - 10.32\%$, respectively. The composition of glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in soluble carbo­hydrates of 500 soybean samples were $2.07 {\pm} 1.75\%$, $58.01{\pm}5.82\%$, $10.13{\pm}2.28\%$ and $29.80{\pm}4.54\%$, respectively. Sucrose appeared to be most prevalent in soy­bean soluble carbohydrates.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 1996

The Neomycin resistant gene in transposon 5 (Tn5) was introduced into a mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum RJB 6 $str^rnal^r$ by conjugation. This marked strain was used in coinoculation of soybean with Pseudomonas fluorescens(Ps-3) and Bacillus subtilis(BCAC-4) and in antibiotic treatment of soybean for studying rate of nodule formation and growth promoting effect on soybean plant. When the marked strain RJB 6 $str^rnal^rneo^r$ with Ps-3, BCAC-4, and Ps-3 plus BCAC-4 was coinoculated into two soils, the recovery rate of the marked strain was 8.5, 4.3 and 2.9 percent in soybean cultivated soil, and 10.3. 6.0 and 5.0 percent in soybean uncultivated soil. The best growth promoting effect of coinoculation on soybean plant was found with the marked strain plus Ps-3. When the marked strain was inoculated into soybean with antibiotic treatment, the rate of nodule formation in soybean cultivated soil was between 12.5 and 25.4 percent, while that in soybean uncultivated soil was between 23.7 and 43.2 percent. The highest rate of nodule formation with the marked strain was found in streptomycin 1000 ppm treatment plot.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1039-1044
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• 2003

We investigated the changes in saponins during the cultivation of soybean sprout. Crude saponin content was 4.15mg/g in germinated soybean and reached its peark (5.33mg/g) in soybean sprout cultivated for six days. Saponin content in the cotyledon, stem, and root of the soybean sprout cultivated for six days were 4.17, 7.46, and 7.45mg/g, respectively. Soyasaponins extracted from the soybean sprout were analyzed with LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry, in which a reverse phase $C_18$ column was used for separation of saponins. In the soybeen sprout, group B saponin, I, II, III, IV, and V increased 7, 2, 1.4, 8.7, and 3.3 fold, respectively, compared to those in the soybean seed. Group B saponin I, II, III, IV, and V in the stem of the soybean sprout were 10.53, 1.45, 10.49, 5.72 and 8.14 fold the level of those in the cotyldon, respectively. In the root, the contents of group B saponin I, III, IV, and V were 5.54, 2.77, 4.86 and 9.73 fold, respectively, higher than those in cotyledon, but the content of group B saponin 2 was 2.96 fold less than that in cotyledon. These results indicate that the biosyntheses of group B saponins are differentially regulated in growing soybean sprout.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2003

The effects of cultivation methods (cultivation of curled-shaped type, M-1; conventional cultivation, M-2; growing after treatment with a growth regulator, M-3; cultivation by the combination of M-1 and treatment with oak charcoal, M-4) on the quality characteristics of soybean sprouts were studied by the measurement of growth characteristics. This study also investigated the changes in shelf-life stability of the new soybean sprouts (NSB) using M-4, which was cultivated with oak charcoal and treated with antimicrobial Citrus sunki seed extract. Among the soybean sprouts grown for six days at the high temperature and humidity environment (90$\pm$5% RH, 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$), M-1 revealed no significant difference in terms of quality, such as the harvest yield, the rot rate and the growth characteristics when compared with M-2. M-3 showed no significant difference in growth characteristics, of hardness, and sensory evaluation scores when compared with the soybean sprouts grown by conventional methods. NSB had a low number of total microorganisms and had a better appearance after five days of storage than did the control group (M-2). These findings demonstrate that chemical-free and clean soybean sprouts can be grown by combining oak charcoal and antimicrobial Citrus sunki seed extract, thereby meeting the consumer demand for safe, chemical free sprouts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to examine the species specific accumulation of Cd and Pb in 11 crop species (Soybean, Sesame, Corn, Polished rice, Carrot, Potato, Garlic, Spring onion, Chinese leek, Red pepper, Eggplant), through cultivating them under the same condition with metal contaminated soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven crop species were cultivated in three different soils contaminated with Cd and Pb and harvested. Edible parts of each crop was pretreated and analyzed to determine Cd and Pb concentrations, and subsequently bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated. In general, the crops of which seeds are used as food showed high concentrations of both Cd and Pb. For instance, Cd concentrations in crops cultivated in Soil A was in the order of soybean (0.432 mg kg^-1) > sesame (0.385) > polished rice (0.176) > carrot (0.116) > corn (0.060) > red pepper > (0.047) > potato (0.044) > egg plant (0.025) > garlic (0.023) > spring onion (0.016) > Chinese leek (0.011). BCFs showed the same order.CONCLUSION: From this study, it can be conclude that seeds plants should not be cultivated in Cd and Pb contaminated soils to secure food safety from metal contaminated soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1984

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the dry matter weight of soybean plant, fertilization efficiency, and the changes of p uptake with different p application levels in cultivated and uncultivated soils controlling the soil moisture content to 2 levels. 1. The effect of irrigation was higher in cultivated soil than in uncultivated soil, and was higher in larger amount of p application than in small amount of p. 2. Efficiency of phosphate fertilization for soybean growth was higher in cultivated soil compared with uncultivated soil, and increased by irrigation to optimum soil moisture content for crop growth. 3. Adjustment of soil moisture content to optimum level for soybean growth increased the concentration of phosphate in plant and decreased the content of phosphate in soil. Therefore, it was obvious that soybean plant absorbed the high amount of p in the optimum soil moisture level and in large amount of p application.