• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.304-304
• /
• 2017

In semi-arid countries such as Namibia, the flooding unexpectedly happens in a rainy season, causing losses in the yield of upland-adapted cereal crop. In flooding conditions, rice roots sequentially form aerenchyma and a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL), and oxygen is released into the rhizosphere near the root tips. Iijima et al. (2016) and Awala et al. (2016) reported that close mixed-planting with rice can mitigate the flood stress of co-growing upland-adapted cereal crop by modifying their rhizosphere microenvironments via the oxygen released from the rice roots. Moreover, by using the model system of hydroponic culture, it was confirmed that oxygen from rice roots was transferred to co-growing upland-adapted cereal crop in close mixed planting system (Kawato et al., 2016). However, it is not sure whether the ability of oxygen release varies among rice cultivars, because Kawato et al. (2016) used only one japonica cultivar, Nipponbare (Oryza sativa). The objective of this study was to compare the ability of oxygen release in rhizosphere among rice cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a climate chamber in Kindai University. We used 10 rice cultivars from three different rice species (O. sativa (var. japonica (2), var. indica (3)), Oryza glaberrima Steud. (2) and their interspecific progenies (3)) to compare the ability of oxygen release from the roots. According to the method by Kawato et al. (2016), the dissolved oxygen concentration of phase I (with shoot) and phase II (without shoot) were measured by a fiber optic oxygen-sensing probe. The oxygen released from rice roots was calculated from the difference of the measurements between phase I and phase II. The result in this study indicated that all of the rice cultivars released oxygen from their roots, and the amount of released oxygen was significantly correlated with the above-ground biomass (r = 0.710). The ability of oxygen release (the amount of the oxygen release per fresh root weight) of indica cultivars (O. sativa) tended to be higher as compared with the other cultivars. On the other hand, that of African rice (O. glaberrima) and the interspecific progenies tended to be lower. These results suggested that the ability of oxygen release widely varies among rice cultivars, and some of indica cultivars (O. sativa) may be suitable for close mixed-planting to mitigate flood stress of upland-adapted cereal crop.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.327-336
• /
• 1996

DPE계 제초제(除草劑)인 oxyfluorfen의 생리활성(生理活性)을 내성(耐性)으로 선발되었던 벼 3품종(品種)과 감수성(感受性) 벼 4품종(品種)및 피를 공시하여 oxyfluorfen을 처리 후 항산화제(抗酸化劑) 함량과 GST 활성(活性)으로 조사하였다. 1. 식물자체가 보유하는 vitamin C 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들이나 피보다 많았다. Vitamin E, carotenoid 및 glutathione(GSH, GSSG, total glutathione) 함량은 내성(耐性)과 감수성(感受性)식물들간에 양적인 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 2. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 vitamin C 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種) Hawon과 Baru에서 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피보다 감소가 적었다. Oxyfluorfen 처리후 vitamin E 및 GSH 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들이나 피보다 높았다. 그러나 carotenoid 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들보다 높았으나, 감수성(感受性)인 피와는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 GSSG 함량은 내성(耐性)과 감수성종(感受性種)들간 차이가 없었다. 3. CDNB 또는 oxyfluorfen을 기질로 사용했을 때 식물 자체가 보유한 GST 활성(活性)은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들이나 피보다 높았다. 4. Oxyfluorfen 처리후 GST 활성(活性)은 벼에서 유도되지 않았으나, 오히려 피에서는 유도되었다. 또한, 벼의 GST 활성(活性)은 acifluorfen, bifenox 및 oxadiazon 처리에서도 유도되지 않았다.

• 한국포장학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2021

고온기 준고랭지에서 재배한 배추의 생육과 저장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. '춘광' 배추를 홍천에서 재배 방법(노지 및 시설 재배)에 따른 생육 특성과 수확 후 저장 시 특성을 조사하였다. 수확 후 생육은 시설 재배한 배추가 생체중과 엽두께에서 노지 재배와 차이를 보였지만, 가식부인 결구 부분에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않아, 재배 방법에 따른 생육에 미치는 영향을 언급하기 어려웠다. 준고랭지에서 재배한 '춘광' 배추의 저장 시 생체중이나 정선 손실률, 수분함량 등에서 유의 차이를 보였다. 동일 지역에서 시설과 노지로 재배를 달리한 경우 생체중량이나 정선 손실률은 시설 재배가 변화폭이 더 커서 유의 차이를 보였으며, 수분함량은 다소 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 고온기 배추의 수확 후 저장 시 차이가 나타났음을 확인하고, 수확 전 요인이 저장까지 영향을 미치는 유기적인 관계를 확인하였다. 농산물에 대한 생산성 위주의 연구가 주류를 이루었으나, 앞으로는 생산뿐만 아니라 저장 동안의 영향을 확인 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.174-190
• /
• 1986

조직배양(組織培養) 방법(方法)을 이용(利用)하여 제초제(除草劑)의 작용성(作用性) 및 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性) 검정방법(檢定方法)의 개선(改善)의 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위해 1985년(年)~1986년(年)까지 2개년(個年)에 걸쳐 영남작물시험장(嶺南作物試驗場) 온실(溫室) 및 조직배양실험실(組織培養實驗室)에서 일련(一連)의 시험(試驗)을 진행(進行)하였던 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 제초제(除草劑) 작용성(作用成)을 연구(硏究)하는 데 사용(使用)되는 배지조건(培地條件)으로서는 기존의 MS, $N_6$, $N_6-Y_1$ 등(等)의 배지(培地)는 벼 자체(自體)의 생육(生育)을 50%이상(以上) 억제(抑制)하므로 현미배양배지(玄米培養培地)로서는 적합(適合)하지 않았으며, 생장조절제(生長調節劑)가 첨가(添加)되지 않은 순수한천배지(純粹寒天培地)를 이용(利用)하는 것이 바람직하였다. 2) 현미배양방법(玄米培養方法)에 있어서 제초제(除草劑)의 농도반응(濃度反應)을 뚜렷이 밝힐 수 있었으며, 대부분(大部分)의 수도용제초제(水稻用除草劑)은 지상부생육(地上部生育)보다 지하부생육(地下部生育) 억제정도(抑制程度)가 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, 광(光)의 유무(有無), 제초제(除草劑) 흡수부위(吸收部位)에 따라 작용성(作用性)의 차이(差異)를 보였는데 butachlor, 2,4-D, propanil은 광(光)이 있는 상태(狀態)에서, 그리고 DPX-F5384와 CGA 14264는 광(光)이 없는 상태(狀態)에서 생육억제(生育抑制) 영향(影響)이 컸다. 그리고 흡수부위(吸水部位) 반응(反應)에 있어서는 butachlor, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, BAS-514는 근부(根部)와 유아부(幼芽部)를 동시(同時)에 제초제(除草劑)에 접촉(接觸)됨으로서 벼에 대(對)한 약해정도(藥害程度)가 증가(增加)되었고, 그 외(外) 제초제(除草劑)는 두 접촉방법간(接觸方法間)에 큰 차이(差異)를 보이지 않았다. 한편 피(E. crusgalli)의 경우도 비슷한 경향(傾向)이었으나, 전반적(全般的)으로 벼보다는 생육억제(生育抑制) 정보(程度)가 월등(越等)히 높았으나 butachlor, 2,4-D, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, pyrazolate 및 BAS-514는 근부(根部)만 접촉(接觸)시켜도 피의 엽록소(葉綠素) 생합성(生合性)을 억제(抑制)시킬 뿐 아니라 생육(生育)이 거의 진전(進展)되지 않았으며, 그 외(外) 제초제(除草劑)들은 근부(根部)와 유아부(幼芽部)를 함께 접촉(接觸)시켜 주는 것이 바람직하였다. 3) 수도품종(水稻品種)의 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性)은 검정방법간(檢定方法間)에 다소차이(多少差異)를 보였는데 유묘검정(幼苗檢定)의 경우는 기존(旣存) 제초제(除草劑)인 butachlor, pretilachlor, thiobencarb, perfluidone, oxadiazon, 등(等)에 있어서는 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種) > 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種) > 인도형(印度型) 품종(品種)의 순(順)으로 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性)이 높았으나 DPX-F5384, NC-311, pyrazolate, pyrazoxyfen에 대(對)해서는 오히려 일본형품종(日本型品種)이 가장 낮은 저항성(抵抗性)을 보였으며, 현미검정(玄米檢定)의 경우 butachlor, propanil, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, 등(等)에 있어서는 유묘검정(幼苗檢定)과는 달리 일본형품종(日本型品種)이 통일형품종(統一型品種)이나 인도형품종(印度型品種)보다 저항성(抵抗性)이 낮게 나타났다. 4) 동일품종(同一品種) 유형내(類型內)에서도 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性)의 품종간차이(品種間差異)를 보였는데 유묘검정(幼苗檢定)이나 현미검정(玄米檢定)에서 다같이 상대적(相對的)으로 저항성(抵抗性)을 보인 품종(品種)은 통일형(統一型)의 경우는 밀양(密陽)42호(號), 청청(靑靑)벼, 삼강(三綱)벼가 일본형(日本型)의 경우는 섬진벼가 낙동(落東)벼보다 인도형(印度型)의 경우는 IR50이 IR36보다 높은 저항성(抵抗性)을 보였다. 5) 현미배양방법(玄米培養方法)과 callus 배양방법(培養方法) 다같이 제초제(除草劑) 종류(種類)에 관계(關係)없이 제초제(除草劑) 농도(濃度)에 따른 벼 생육반응(生育反應)이 비슷하였는데, callus 생육반응(生育反應)이 더욱 민감(敏感)하였다. 6) 제초제(除草劑)에 대(對)한 callus 생육반응(生育反應)은 벼 뿐만 아니라 피 (E. crusgalli)에 있어서도 대단히 예민(銳敏)한 반응(反應)을 보였는데, $10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-8}M$의 저농도(低濃度)에서 제초제(除草劑) 종류간(種類間)의 차이(差異)가 뚜렷이 나타났으며, $10^{-7}M$ 이상(以上)의 농도(濃度)에서는 제초제성질(除草劑性質)에 관계(關係)없이 모든 제초제(除草劑)가 피의 callus 생육(生育)을 크게 억제(抑制)시켰다. 공시제초제(供試除草劑) 중(中)에서 BAS-514가 가장 낮은 농도(濃度)에서도 피의 callus 생육(生育)을 뚜렷이 억제(抑制)시켜 피에 대(對)한 살초력(殺草力)이 탁월(卓越)함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 제초제(除草劑)에 대(對)한 callus 생육반응(生育反應)은 광(光)의 유무(有無)에는 큰 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1999

The production of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, including female formation and fecundity was much higher in SCN race 14 (R14) than in race 3 (R3) in susceptible soybean cultivars Bragg (intolerant), Lee74 (moderately tolerant), and PI 97100 (highly tolerant). The nematode body was also significantly larger in R14 than in R3 at 20 days after inoculation, but the further nematode growth appeared to be slower in R14 than in R3, resulting in no significant difference between the two races at 30 days after inoculation. Within each race, no significant difference was observed in the growth and reproduction among the soybean cultivars tested. Syncytial areas near the nematode lip regions (infection sites) were measured for each soybean cultivar-SCN race combination. R14 induced significantly larger syncytia than R3. Bragg had relatively larger syncytia than Lee74 and PI 97100, but the difference among the soybean cultivars was minimal or not significantly different. Syncytium occupation in the stelar region differed only between PI 97100 and the other two cultivars, which may be somewhat, but not exactly, related to tolerance levels. Syncytial cytomplasm was degenerated more with R14 and in Bragg than with R3 and in Lee74 and PI 97100, respectively. In light microscopy, degenerated syncytia were characterized by depleted and loose cytoplasm with less plastids than normal-looking (intact) syncytia which had dense syncytial cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed that degenerated syncytia contained highly vacuolated cytoplasm with degenerated plastids. The above results suggest that structural characteristics of syncytia may match the nematode growth and reproduction.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2010

한지형 잔디 5종류의 45품종에 대하여 봄철 greenup 과 회복율을 평가하였다. Greenup 평가를 위하여 잔디 색과 생장지수(NDVI)을 조사하였다. 잔디 색과 생장지수는 잔디의 종류와 품종 간에 통계적인 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 잔디 색은 Kentucky bluegrass 20 품종에서만 유의성의 차이를 보였으며, 잔디생장지수에서는 Kentucky bluegrass 20품종 과 Tall fescue 6 품종에서 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 봄철 잔디가 살아서 지면을 덮는 회복율은 Creeping bentrgass와 fineleaf fescue 품종 간에 유의성의 차이가 있었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the reproduction efficiency and disease of Holstein heifer grazed on mixed pasture desighed with association of tall fescue and white clover cultivar (3 treatments = TI : Tall fescue Fawn + White clover Regal + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass, T2 : Tall fescue Roa + Ladino clover Regal + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass, T3 : Tall fescue Roa + White clover Tahora + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass) on reproduction efficiency and disease in Holstein heifers, ftom April 1994 to November 1996. The results are as follows: 1. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of hematological values were $8.12\times10^6/{\mu}\ell, 9.9g/m\ell and 30.6m\ell/100m\ell$ respectively. While those were decreased to $4.84~5.93 \times10^6/{\mu}\ell, 7.0~7.8g/100m\ell and 22.8~28.3m\ell/100m\ell$, on pastuage (May-August), WBC counts was increased from $14.4\times10^3/{\mu}\ell to 14.0~18.3 \times 10^{3/\mu\ell}$ on pasturage. No significant differences were detected among the treatments on pastures. 2. Parasitemia levels increased to $14.0\pm8.2$(parasite/1,000rbc) at 1 month after pasturage. 3. At the occurrence of tirst estrus and conception, the average age of the Holstein heifers was $14.3\pm1.9$ and $17.4\pm1.5$ months, respectively, and the average interval of estrus cycle was $20.6\pm1.0$ days. Howerer, there was no significant difference on reproductive efficiency among 3 treatments. 4. The outbreak of diseases were tick bane disease, pink eye, pneumonia, mastitis, gastroentitis, waterpoisoning ringworm papillon and atosis during pasturage period(may-october). These diseases were showed no significant difference among 3 treatments. 5. In conclusion, there are no significant difference on the reproductive effeciency and disease outbreak among three treatments.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the effects of drying methods and drying time on the changes in anthocyanin content in colored barley. Colored barley cultivar Boanchalbori was harvested at a time when the anthocyanin content was the most and dried in afield. The harvested barley was then treated by two methods, sun drying and shade drying, for 4, 8, 24, and 32 h. The moisture content of the sun-dried barley decreased slightly faster than shade-dried samples, but the difference was not statistically significant. Chemical analysis indicated that the samples dried under shaded conditions had slightly higher crude fiber and lower nitrogen free extract, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in the total digestible nutrients between the two methods. In the case of sun-dried barley, the anthocyanin content decreased compared to the control and shade-dried samples after drying for 4 h (p < 0.05), was maintained at a constant level at 24 h, and then decreased at 32 h. In case of shade-dried barley, the anthocyanin content decreased gradually with the drying time, and a significant decrease was found at 24 h of drying (p<0.05) as compared to the control. The shade-dried method was more successful in reducing anthocyanin loss than the sun-dried method (p<0.05). There was a slight decrease in 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging with drying time in the shade-dried method, and a significant decrease after 4 h with the sun-dried method. These results showed that covering with a two-layer awning was advantageous to dry colored barley in the field conditions.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.146-154
• /
• 2022

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and productivity of silage corn varieties developed in Korea. Corn cultivation was carried out using the experimental field in the Pyeongchang campus of Seoul National University (550 m above sea level). There have 10 domestic cultivars (Gwangpyeongok, Dacheongok, Yanganok, Jangdaok, Cheongdaok, Daanok, Sinhwangok, Sinhwangok II, Pyeonggangok, and Hwangdaok) with one imported cultivar (P1543) which tested as a control, and randomized block design with three replications. Among the 100-grains weight of the seeds, Dacheongok was the heaviest, and the germination rate for each variety was 74.6% on average, while that of Daanok and Sinhwangok were over 90%. Sinhwangok was the fastest in tasseling and silking date. The number of days required to be silking date was as slow as 85 days in Dacheongok, Cheongdaok and Pyeonggangok, and as fast as 80 days or less in Sinhwangok, Sinhwangok II and Hwangdaok. The plant height of P1543 was the highest as 344cm, and Hwangdaok and Daanok were short. In terms of the ratio of ears, Daanok had the highest rate of 60.18%, and Jangdaok and Dacheongok had the lowest. There was no significant difference in dry matter content in stover, but P1543 was generally higher in ear and total dry matter content. The dry matter yield was highest in P1543, and the yield of TDN was significantly higher in P1543 and Yanganok. There was a significant difference in the crude protein content of ears and the dry digestibility of stems (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the content of each part or element. Combining the above results, Yanganok was the highest in terms of yield, and Dacheongok, Sinhwangok and Pyeonggangok were also recommended for domestically grown corn varieties in the mountainous regions of Gangwon-do.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2023

Stomatal traits such as stomata density (SD), aperture length (APL) and width (APW), guard cell length (GCL) and width (GCW), and distance between stomata (DIS) were investigated to identify correlation with agronomic traits for 35 Korean wheat cultivars. Flag leaf width (FLW) of Korean wheat cultivars was the widest in Ol-mil, and the narrowest in Keumkang. SD tended to be higher on the adaxial side than on the abaxial side in Korean wheat cultivars. SD of adaxial and abaxial sides was classified into a cultivar with a significantly different or not. In APL, 18 wheat cultivars showed significant differences according to leaf side, and APL of adaxial was longer than APL of abaxial in 13 wheat cultivars. In APW, 15 wheat cultivars showed a significant difference, and APW of abaxial was wider than APW of adaxial among them. In GCL, 14 wheat cultivars showed a significant difference, and the GCL of abaxial was longer than the GCL of adaxial in 10 wheat cultivars. In GCW, 10 wheat cultivars showed a significant difference, GCW of adaxial was wider than GCW of abaxial and in 6 wheat cultivars. FLW of adaxial and abaxial showed a negative correlation with GCL and a positive correlation with grain number per panicle. FLW of only abaxial showed a positive correlation with DIS. The SD of the adaxial showed a negative correlation with GCL, while the SD of the abaxial showed a negative correlation with APL. APL of both sides of the leaf showed a positive correlation with GCL, and APW of only abaxial showed a negative correlation with GLC. DIS of adaxial showed a negative correlation with tiller number (TN), while DIS of abaxial showed a positive correlation with GNP.