• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 1995

The objectives of the present study were to find out 1)the differences in growth of radish under foggy and non-foggy condition, 2)the weed competition between radish and major upland weeds including Echinochloa crus-galli, 3)difference in response of radish to herbicide and weed, and finally 4)the fundamental data for the establishment of radish weed control system under locational foggy regions. The research was carried out by tray in greenhouse equipped with Auto Foggy System(SAE KI RIN Co.) and results were summarized as follows. 1. Plant height and shoot fresh weight of radish cultivars(long skirt, delicious altari, green mascot) were not different at the early growth(8 to 38 days after seeding), but increased at 55 days after seeding under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased only in green mascot cultivar tinder foggy condition. Chlorophyll contents were higher in all the cultivars of radish under foggy condition. 2. Plant height and shoot fresh weight increased at 0 and 20 days of weed competition under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased at 0, 20 and 35 days of competition under foggy condition. Above 50 days-competition, there was no difference between foggy and non-foggy condition. 3. Napropamide, alachlor and linuron did not show any differences in plant height and shoot fresh weight between foggy and non-foggy condition. Molinate reduced the root fresh weight at 65 days after seeding tinder foggy condition. 4. No difference in weeding efficacy by any herbicides tested was found tinder foggy condition. Weeding efficacy of Aeschynomene indica was reduced under foggy condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effects of electrical conductivity (EC) and rootstock on initial growth and physiological response of grafted pepper in protected cultivation. The pepper (Capcicum annuum L.) cultivars 'Nokgwang' was used as scions, and the cultivars used as rootstocks were Capcicum annuum L: 'Kataguruma', 'Conesian hot' and 'Tantan'. The scion cultivar left ungrafted was used as a control. Two experiments were to examine the effects of the EC levels of nutrient solution on the growth and physiological response of grafted pepper, respectively. Nutrient solution was supplied with three level (1.5, 3.0, 5.0dS/m). By the change of nutrient solution EC level, the plant growth of all seedlings decreased with the increase in EC level. grafted seedling was grafted onto rootstock cultivar 'kataguruma' showed higher growth than the other cultivar at the EC 5.0dS/m level. But this result was slightly different by cultivation time (spring and fall). The total N and P concentration were increased with the increase in EC level, but the Ca and Mg concentration were decreased. Photosynthetic rate of ungrafted seedlings decreased at the EC 5.0dS/m level. But there was no difference between EC 1.5 and 3.0dS/m level. Grafted seedlings showed lower photosynthetic rate at the EC 5.0dS/m level. The activity of SOD do not have a uniformly tendency by the EC level. With the EC 5.0dS/m level, the activity of APX attained higher level than the other EC level. Further study will be needed to examine additional cultivation experiment for more variable rootstock, and development of rootstock for salinity tolerance.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate characteristics of new garlic cultivar 'Alkae' and to identify the effect of scape removal on bulb characteristics and growth of garlic cultivar 'Alkae' and 'Namdo'. Bolting time and harvesting time were earlier about 20 days in 'Alkae' than those in 'Namdo'. 'Alkae' was inferior to 'Namdo' in top growth as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, SPAD value, diameter of leaf sheath, and so on. but root developing was better in 'Alkae'. Bulb weight of' Alkae' was 17% more than that of 'Namdo', harvested on proper time. The ratio of bulb weight over 40 g was almost double in 'Namdo' as 48% with 'Alkae' as 25%. Occurrence of bulb cracking was more considerable in 'Alkae' and the number of clove per bulb was 1.9 more in 'Alkae' than 'Namdo', but the ratio of bulb rot during storage was higher in 'Namdo' than 'Alkae'. In treatments of scape removal, SPAD value did not show any difference between two cultivars. Leaf dryness was earlier and harder than control and leaf area showed the same tendency as leaf dryness, and there were no significant differences among the methods of scape removal. The bulb weight and the ratio of bulb weight over 40 g at 50 days after the harvest of 'Alkae', 'Namdo' were more 10%, 12% and 27%, 44% in scape removal treatment than control. and there were no significant differences among the methods of scape removal. So, scape removal was very effective to increase large bulb production in the two garlic cultivals and the effect was higher in 'Namdo' than 'Alkae'. The ratio of bulb cracking and the occurrence of bulb rot were almost same in with the scape removal and non removal groups And also there were no significant differences among the methods of scape removal.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

The interaction effects of ozone $(O_3)$ and anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) disease were examined in green fruits and seedlings of pepper (Capsicum annuum). Pre-treatment with $(O_3)$ as a factor causing predisposition to the disease prior to infection was investigated in green fruits and stems using an $(O_3)$ concentration of 150 nL/L, which is easily reached in summer in Korea. $(O_3)$ treatment increased antioxidative responses in pepper foliar tissues, and defense against anthracnose was examined in fruits and stems. Anthracnose severity on stems of the $O_3-treated$, ozone-sensitive 'Dabotop' cultivar was always lower than that on untreated plants, but the difference was not always significant (p=0.147). Significantly lower anthracnose severity was found on $O_3-treated$ green 'Dabotop' fruits as compared to untreated green fruits in three of eight replicate experiments. In contrast, hypersensitive responses in 03treated seedlings were significantly accelerated compared to those in untreated seedlings by about 7.8 h (p<0.001). This confirmed previous evidence of increased transcription of plant defense genes with $(O_3)$ treatment. $(O_3)$ treatment significantly decreased chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves in four replicate experiments (p<0.01). $(O_3)$ increased hypersensitive responses in the leaves of pepper seedlings, but this increase did not contribute to the control of anthracnose severity on fruits. Antioxidant reactions to $(O_3)$ were limited to chlorosis and changes in hypersensitive responses in leaves.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'. Low temperature treatment ($20/15^{\circ}C$) caused passion fruit cultivar 'Tai-nung No.1' to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of $20-30^{\circ}C$, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ and $25/20^{\circ}C$. However, plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at $25/20^{\circ}C$. Plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1', when they were exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) following chemical treatments ($AgNO_3$ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). $AgNO_3$ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at $20/15^{\circ}C$ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2011

Glucosinolate (GSL) contents were investigated (i) at 1~7 days after sowing (DAS) in seed sprouts and (ii) at 3-7 weeks after sowing for the time-course. Moreover, (iii) They were compared with five different cultivars of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). Seventeen GSLs were separated by HPLC analysis, and 10 GSLs among them were identified as glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, diglucothiobeinin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, dimeric, 4-mercaptobutyl GSL, 4-methoxy glucobrassicin, gluconasturttin by using LC-APCI-MS analysis, but 7 compounds were not identified. (i) The total GSL content in seed sprouts initially increased up to 3 DAS and then decreased according to their seedling growth. In particular, glucoraphanin known as a strong anti-cancer reagent was found the highest level (5.05 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.) at 3 DAS. The most abundant GSL was glucoerucin ranged from 26.0~49.6 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt. (ii) In the time-course, the total GSL contents increased dramatically from 3-week (5.91 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.) to 7-week after sowing (32.2 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.). The major GSLs were glucoraphanin, glucoerucin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. (iii) By comparing GSL contents with five different cultivars, the total GSL contents increased from 4-week to 6-week after sowing, regardless of cultivar. In 4-week-old, the order with the total GSL content was "Rucola" > "Rocket Herbs" ${\geqq}$ "Odyssey" > "Takii" > "Herb", but in 6-week-old it is changed as "Takii" > "Herb" > "Odyssey" > "Rucola" > "Rocket Herbs" even there was almost no significantly difference between them.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of harvesting time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam; IRG) in spring on dry matter (DM) yield. IRG cultivars 'Kowinearly' and 'Greenfarm' were seeded at 50 kg/ha and grown on rice paddy fields. There was no difference in growth characteristics between both varieties before winter. However, cold tolerance of Kowinearly was higher than that of Greenfarm, as demonstrated by post-wintering growth characteristics. The heading date of both varieties was affected by the spring weather. The IRG was harvested three times at 5-day intervals beginning from 9 May. The DM yield of Greenfarm was 6,306; 7,335; and 8,109 kg/ha, and that of Kowinearly was 7,498; 9,196; and 10,449 kg/ha at the three consecutive harvests. The delay of the harvesting time for 5 and 10 days increased the DM yield of Greenfarm by 16% and 29% and that of Kowinearly by 23% and 39%, respectively, compared to the yield at first harvest (p < 0.05). Therefore, IRG harvest later than early to mid-May is expected to increase productivity. The feed values of Greenfarm were: 12.2% of crude protein (CP), 34.5% of acid detergent fiber (ADF), 57.7% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 61.6% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), and 72.3% of in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). For Kowinearly, these values were 16.4% of CP, 30.4% of ADF, 52.7% of NDF, 64.9% of TDN and 79.0% of IVDMD.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

The expriment was carried out to clarify the fertilizer efficiency of a garbage-based compost in cultivation of leaf vegitables. 1. Only application of 8 tons per 10 of the compost did not have any growth injury to "Osaka-shirona" (a cultivar of Brassica pekinensis L.) in a pot experiment 2. In four continuous cropping with application of 3 tons per 10 a of the compost before every seeding, "Osaka-shirona" grew satisfactorily. 3. Osaka-shirona, spinich and garland chrysanthemum were cultivated under a plastic house applied with 2 tons per a of each of the garbage-based compost and cattle manure, delayed release fertilizer and bark compost on the market. There was no difference of the vegetable yields among the applied field, as well as of the contents of ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, Ca and Fe.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.549-557
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• 2017

As exchanges between countries become more active, new threats such as drugs, illegal imports of food and medicines, and terrorism are present all over the world. From this, increased border security that protects people's safety is becoming a new issue. The activities of special purpose dogs that detect these threats in advance are becoming very important. One of the obstacles in securing superior individuals is musculoskeletal disorders which interfere with the work of special purpose dogs. In order to search for genes associated with these genetic disorders, we conducted genomic analysis using linkage disequilibrium information and investigated genetic characteristics to know heterozygosity and inbreeding status in the population. In this study, two breeds (Malinois, Shepherd) of army dogs and three breeds (Malinois, Shepherd, Retriever) from public databases were used for comparison. The 170K SNP marker panel was used for this study. In the principal component analysis, it was confirmed that clusters were formed for each breed. The number of effective populations differed for each cultivar, but this was due to the difference in numbers of individuals for each breed used for the analysis. The results of heterozygosity decay analysis showed that heterozygous alleles decreased with each generation. In the army dog group, if the population number is maintained properly, the frequency of allele genotype will not decrease significantly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

Cold acclimation involves changes in gene expression. BN28 and BN115 are two genes which are regulated by cold temperature and assumed having roles in cold acclimation. The objectives of this experiment was to explore the expression of BN28 and BN115 under field conditions. Six winter cultivars were planted at three different dates during the fall. The expression of the genes was determined by northern blot analysis of total RNA taken from leaves 15 to 30 day-intervals after planting. The expression of the two genes was detected within 15 days after planting well before onset of freezing tolerance in plants. This suggestes either their expression was a prerequisite of the freezing tolerance or their expression was regulated by other environmental factors as well as temperature. Two genes showed a different expression pattern suggesting they had a different regulatory system. Although timecourse increase in expression of the cold-regulated genes was matched with increase in freezing tolerance, the difference of expression in cultivar level at specific times of measurement was not correlated with freezing tolerance at the moment.