• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2024

The present study investigated the perceptual cues utilized by Korean L2 learners of English in recognizing lexical stress in English nonwords, with a focus on the roles of fundamental frequency (F0) and duration. Twenty-three Korean learners of English participated in a sequence recall task involving nonword stimuli under five different conditions: (1) the naturally-produced stimuli, (2) the duration-only condition, (3) the F0-only condition, (4) the duration-F0 matching condition, and (5) the duration-F0 conflicting condition. The results demonstrate that F0 is the primary cue for stress perception among Korean L2 learners, whereas duration acts as a secondary cue, particularly when F0 is unreliable or absent. These findings highlight the influence of L1 prosodic structures on L2 perception and suggest that Korean L2 learners adapt their perceptual weighting of stress based on cue availability. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of cue weighting in L2 prosodic acquisition.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2014

The present study was performed on farm animals to test the effectiveness of progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (Cue-Mate$^{(R)}$ 1.56 g) and injection of prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$) for synchronization estrus in Hanwoo cattle. The cattle were at random stage of the estrus cycle. The cows were artificially inseminated at day 7 after Cue-Mate withdrawal, using commercial semen from Korean native bulls. There was a season effect on the estrus synchronization rate. It was higher in spring (94.3%) followed by winter (93.3%), autumn (90.4%) and summer (67.2%). In summary, The results of this study revealed that season has influences on estrus behavior of cattle with no significant effect on pregnancy rate. In summary, we suggest summer reproductive management to alleviate the effects of heat stress. It should be based on intensive cooling combined with hormonal treatment. Given that different subgroups of cows benefit differently from the treatments, selective hormonal administration should be considered.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2012

Recent studies have shown that the stop system of Korean is undergoing a sound change in terms of the two acoustic parameters, voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (f0). Because of a VOT merger of a consonantal opposition and onset-f0 interaction, the relative importance of the two parameters has been changing in Korean where f0 is a primary cue and VOT is a secondary cue in distinguishing lax from aspirated stops in speech production as well as perception. In English, however, VOT is a primary cue and f0 is a secondary cue in contrasting voiced and voiceless stops. This study examines how Korean English learners use the two acoustic parameters of L1 in producing L2 English stops and whether the sound change of acoustic parameters in L1 affects L2 speech production. The data were collected from six adult Korean English learners. Results show that Korean English learners use not only VOT but also f0 to contrast L2 voiced and voiceless stops. However, unlike VOT variations among speakers, the magnitude effect of onset consonants on f0 in L2 English was steady and robust, indicating that f0 also plays an important role in contrasting the [voice] contrast in L2 English. The results suggest that the important role of f0 in contrasting lax and aspirated stops in L1 Korean is transferred to the contrast of voiced and voiceless stops in L2 English. The results imply that, for Korean English learners, f0 rather than VOT will play an important perceptual cue in contrasting voiced and voiceless stops in L2 English.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sentence comprehension strategies used by Korean/English bilingual children when they listened to sentences of their first language, i.e., Korean. The framework of competition model was employed to analyze the influence of the second language, i.e., English, during comprehension of Korean sentences. The participants included 10 bilingual children (ages 7;4-13;0) and 20 Korean-speaking monolingual children(ages 5;7-6;10) with similar levels of development in Korean language as bilingual children. In an act-out procedure, the children were asked to determine the agent in sentences composed of two nouns and a verb with varying conditions of three cues (case-marker, animacy, and word-order). The results revealed that both groups of children used the case marker cues as the strongest cue among the three. The bilingual children relied on case-marker cues even more than the monolingual children. However, the bilingual children used animacy cues significantly less than the monolingual children. There were no significant differences between the groups in the use of word-order cues. The bilingual children appeared less effective in utilizing animacy cues in Korean sentence comprehension due to the backward transfer from English where the cue strength of animacy is very weak. The influence of the second language on the development of the first language in bilingual children was discussed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2009

The Performance research about EEG-BCI algorithm in BCI-naive subjects is very important for evaluating the applicability to the public. We analyzed the result of the performance evaluation experiment about the EEG-BCI algorithm in BCI-naive subjects on three different aspects. The EEG-BCI algorithm used in this paper is composed of the common spatial pattern(CSP) and the least square linear classifier. CSP is used for obtaining the characteristic of event related desynchronization, and the least square linear classifier classifies the motor imagery EEG data of the left hand or right hand. The performance evaluation experiments about EEG-BCI algorithm is conducted for 40 men and women whose age are 23.87${\pm}$2.47. The performance evaluation about EEG-BCI algorithm in BCI-naive subjects is analyzed in terms of the accuracy, the relation between the information transfer rate and the accuracy, and the performance changes when the different types of cue were used in the training session and testing session. On the result of experiment, BCI-naive group has about 20% subjects whose accuracy exceed 0.7. And this results of the accuracy were not effected significantly by the types of cue. The Information transfer rate is in the inverse proportion to the accuracy. And the accuracy shows the severe deterioration when the motor imagery is less then 2 seconds.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2009

Currently, subway is becoming a major part of transportation and living environment in large cities such as Seoul or Hong Kong. As the numbers of subway lines and stations increase, visual cues indicating places are needed for users with various destinations, and environmental colors as well as line colors can be expected as effective informations for easy wayfinding. The purpose of this study is to understand the current color applications in terms of creating regional differentiation and informing subway lines in the transfer stations of Seoul and Hong Kong, by field investigation. The investigation has been proceed on 24 transfer stations from February to April, 2009 by taking photos and measuring environmental colors using Minolta spectrophotometer CM-2600d. As a result, regional differentiation in color application appeared generally low in both Seoul and Hong Kong but various 'hues' differing each station are used in Hong Kong, compared to limited use of 'hues' in Seoul, In terms of 'value', the rate of Seoul appeared lightly higher than that of Hong Kong, and the use of medium high rate of 'saturation' of main and secondary colors are shown as a remarkable character of Hong Kong.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.888-897
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• 2015

A flight capability to take a terrain following flight near the ground is required to reduce the probability that a fighter aircraft can be detected by foe's radar fence in the battlefield. The success rate for mission flight has increased by adopting TFS (Terrain Following System) to enable the modern advanced fighter to fly safely near the ground at the low altitude. This system has applied to the state-of-the-art fighter and bomber, such as B-1, F-111, F-16 E/F and F-15, since the research begins from 1960's. In this paper, the terrain following system and GCAS (Ground Collision Avoidance System) was developed, based on a digital database with UTAS's TERPRROM (TERrain PROfile Matching) equipment. This system calculates the relative location of the aircraft in the terrain database by using the aircraft status information provided by the radar altimeter and the INS (Inertial Navigation System), based on the digital terrain database loaded previously in the DTC (Data Transfer Cartridge), and figures out terrain features around. And, the system is a manual terrain following system which makes a steering command cue refer to flight path marker, on the HUD (Head Up Display), for vertical acceleration essential for terrain following flight and enables a pilot to follow it. The cue is based on the recognized terrain features and TCH (Target Clearance Height) set by a pilot in advance. The developed terrain following system was verified in the real-time pilot evaluation in FA-50 HQS (Handling Quality Simulator) environment.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

Background: Light touch cue is a sensory input that could potentially help in the control of posture. The immediate stimulatory effect of light touch cues using a cane during gait is associated with postural stability. This strategy can help post-stroke individuals regain their ability to perform the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer safely. Objects: The effects of light grip on postural control during the STS transfer in post-stroke subjects were investigated. Methods: Eleven participants (6 men, 5 women) with hemiplegia due to stroke were recruited in the study. The subjects with hemiparesis performed STS transfer in three randomly assigned conditions (1) without a cane (2) light grip with a cane (3) strong grip with a cane. Results: The difference in weight-bearing distribution between the left and right feet, when the subjects were instructed to stand up, was $52.73{\pm}2.13%$ without a cane, $42.75{\pm}3.26%$ with a strong grip, and $43.00{\pm}2.55%$ with a light grip (p<.05). The rate of rise in force indicates the peak power provided by subjects during their STS transfers. The rate of rise in force was statistically significantly lower without a cane than that with a light grip or a strong grip (p<.05). The subjects' centers of pressure sway on the mediolateral side during STS transfers statistically significantly declined with a light grip or a strong grip when compared to those without a cane (p<.05). Conclusion: When the subjects with hemiparesis used a cane during STS transfers, their duration, center of pressure sway, and difference in weight-bearing distribution were all reduced. The subjects also exhibited similar results during STS transfers with a cane gripped lightly. This result may provide guidelines for the use of assistive devices when patients with hemiparesis practice STS transfers in clinical settings.

• 인지과학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-52
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• 2006

이 연구는 Weissman과 Banich(1999)가 제안했던 반구 간의 상호작용보다도 표적자극과 방해자극의 반구 간 분리처리가 간섭을 감소시키는 데 더 효과적이라는 것을 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 사각형의 색과 단어가 의미하는 색을 비교하는 세 개의 실험이 수행되었다. 실험 1에서는 표적자극 중의 하나인 단어의 색 차원이, 실험 2와 3에서는 단어의 글자 색이 검정색으로 고정된 상태에서 제 3의 자극인 원의 색이 방해자극으로 사용되었다. 실험 결과 두 표적자극의 비교를 위해 반구간 상호작용이 요구되는 반구간 비교조건에서, 반구간 상호작용은 요구하지 않지만 방해자극이 표적자극과 다른 반구로 투사된 반구내 비교 조건보다 더 큰 간섭효과가 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 반구간 상호작용보다도 표적과 방해자극의 반구간 분리가 간섭 감소에 더 효과적임을 시사한다. 실험 3에서는 원이 단어나 사각형과 분리되어 다른 반구에 제시될 때 주변단서를 이용하여 원의 위치로 주의를 유도하면 방해자극의 반구간 분리 효과가 사라지면서 반구간 비교와 반구내 비교 조건의 간섭효과가 유사해지는 것을 보여 주었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.557-565
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• 2009

인간의 청각기관은 소리의 방향과 거리인지에 있어서 여러 가지의 정보들을 복합적으로 이용한다. 이러한 양 귀에 들어오는 소리세기의 차이, 위상의 차이, 그리고 주파수 스펙트럼의 차이 등의 정보들을 종합적으로 포함하고 있는 것이 머리전달함수 (HRIF: Head Related Transfer Function)이다. 2채널 음향재생 시스템에서 이 머리전달함수를 이용하여 다채널 입체음향을 재생하는 방법이 많이 쓰이고 있다. 그러나 머리전달함수의 비개인화적인 특성 때문에 양쪽 귀까지의 거리가 같아지는 혼돈원추 상에서는 앞/뒤 방향 지각에 대한 혼돈을 주게 됨으로써 입체감을 저하시키게 된다. 본 논문에서는 입체음향을 생성하기 위해 머리전달함수를 사용하는 과정예서 발생하는 혼돈원추 문제점을 해결하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 각 머리전달함수의 주파수 차 및 인간의 청각 특성을 이용하여 각 방향에 해당하는 머리전달함수의 주파수 스펙트럼 특성을 조절하였다. 본 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 음상정위 테스트 및 청감 테스트를 실시하였으며 실험 결과 헤드폰을 기반으로 한 2채널 입체음향 시스템에서 향상된 입체음향을 재생하였다. 더불어 구현된 입체음향의 음질의 열화도 적음을 확인할 수 있었다.