• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3681-3686
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• 2014

In this study, we demonstrated selenium (Se) accumulation in Bifidobacterium longum strain (B. longum) and evaluated the effect of Se-enriched B. longum (Se-B. longum) on tumor growth and immune function in tumor-bearing mice. Analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) revealed that more than 99% of Se in Se-B. longum was organic, the main component of which was selenomethionine (SeMet). In the in vivo experiments, tumor-bearing mice (n=8) were orally administrated with different doses of Se-B. longum alone or combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX). The results showed that the middle and high dose of Se-B. longum significantly inhibited tumor growth. When Se-B. longum and CTX were combined, the antitumor effect was significantly enhanced and the survival time of tumor-bearing mice (n=12) was prolonged. Furthermore, compared with CTX alone, the combination of Se-B. longum and CTX stimulated the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes, increasing the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and the leukocyte count of H22 tumor-bearing mice (n=12).

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2005

Resent studies have reported increased isolation of extended-spectrum $\beta-lactamase$ (ESBL) producing strains at several hospital in Korea. We studied to investigate the isolation rates of ESBL strains from clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and to characterize differences in types using analyses of genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility test. Antibiotic susceptibility test with confirmation of ESBL by double disk synergy test was performed on the 54 ESBL strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae from a hospital in Busan. Transfer of resistant gene in ESBL strains resistant to 3rd generated antibiotics was confirmed by transconjugation test using E. coli $RG176^{nal(r)}$. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M genes were detected by PCR. ESBL producing strains had 100% of resistant rate to ampicillin, azteronam, cefazolin, cefepime and ceftriaxone ($\beta-lactam$ antibiotics). Forty strains of bla TEM$(74\%)$, 41 strains of bla SHV $(76\%)$, 23 strains of bla CTX-M $(43\%)$ were found, respectively. The strains had one or more genes. They had high resistant rates to $\beta-lactam$ antibiotics including cephalosporin. The resistant rates of strains with multiple resistant genes were higher than those of strains with single resistant gene.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.582-586
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• 2005

The present study was designed to characterize the possible roles of spinally located cholera toxin (CTX)- and pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G-proteins in pro- inflammatory cy tokine induced pain behaviors. Intrathecal injection of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$; 100 pg), interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$ 100 pg) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (INF-${\gamma}$; 100 pg) showed pain behavior. Intrathecal pretreatment with CTX (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg) attenuated pain behavior induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ and INF-${\gamma}$ administered intrathecally. But intrathecal pretreatment with CTX (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5${\mu}g$) did not attenuate pain behavior induced by IL-1${\beta}$. On the other hand, intrathecal pretreatment with PTX further increased the pain behavior induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1${\beta}$ administered intrathecally, especially at the dose of 0.5 ${\mu}g$. But intrathecal pretreatment with PTX did not affect pain behavior induced by INF-${\gamma}$. Our results suggest that, at the spinal cord level, CTX- and PTX-sensitive G-proteins appear to play important roles in modulating pain behavior induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines administered spinally. Furthermore, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ arid INF-${\gamma}$ administered spinally appear to produce pain behavior by different mechanisms.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.837-851
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• 1999

In order to inverstigate interactive effects of Samultang(SMT) and SMT composition and the principle of prescription, I examined the effects of SMT and combination of three components of SMT, In C57BL/6 mouse with oral administration of SMT and cyclophosphamide(CTX) treatment, white blood cells, platelet were counted. Also, those were anti-anemia effect for rat which have hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine. The results were summerized as follows : 1. In vivo analysis of the effect of the SMT by orally administrated C57BL/6 mice with the SMT and was treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX). When the number of white blood cell. platelet was counted, there was ameliorative effects of leucopenia or thrombocytopenia as a protection to CTX. 2. It was acknowledged that SMT and its composition increased RBC count and hemlytic significantly in rat which have hemolytic anemia. 3. Among SMT composition Angelicae gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma solution and among the combination group Rehmanniae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma combination and SMT solution showed significant effects for hemoglobin and weight of spleen in mouse which have hemolytic anemia. Thus it was acknowledged that Rehmanniae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma combination had effect to improve hemoglobin and weight of spleen. From above these results it was acknowledged that SMT has effects that ameliorative effects of leucopenia or thrombocytopenia as a protection to CTX and anti-anemic effect for the rat which have hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine and these effects depend upon its combination of SMT composition. Especially it was acknowleged, though there are the slight difference according to combination, that Paeoniae Radix Alba combination had improving effect for physical change. So it is though that Paeoniae Radix Alba is main material for this kind of disease and continuous study is needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.736-744
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• 2023

The introduction of the toxT-139F allele triggers the expression of TCP (toxin co-regulated pilus) and CT (cholera toxin) under simple laboratory culture conditions in most Vibrio cholerae strains. Such V. cholerae strains, especially strains that have been used in OCVs (oral cholera vaccines), can induce antibody responses against TCP in animal models. However, CT produced in these V. cholerae strains is secreted into the culture medium. In this study, V. cholerae strains that can express intracellular CTB under the control of the toxT-139F allele have been constructed for potential application in OCVs. First, we constructed a recombinant plasmid directly linking the ctxAB promoter to ctxB without ctxA and confirmed CTB expression from the plasmid in V. cholerae containing the toxT-139F allele. We constructed another recombinant plasmid to express NtrCTB, from which 14 internal amino acids-from the 7^th to the 20^th amino acid-of the leader peptide of CTB have been omitted, and we found that NtrCTB remained in the cells. Based on those results, we constructed V. cholerae strains in which chromosomal ctxAB is replaced by ntrctxB or ntrctxB-dimer. Both NtrCTB and NtrCTB-dimer remained in the bacterial cells, and 60% of the NtrCTB-dimer in the bacterial cells was maintained in a soluble form. To develop improved OCVs, these strains could be tested to see whether they induce immune responses against CTB in animal models.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1065-1069
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• 2009

Of 143 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from Korean non-tertiary hospitals, 24 (16.8%) showed an extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-positive phenotype. PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of TEM-116 (n=13), CTX-M-3 (n=5), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-15 (n=3), and SHV-12 (n=16). Each of the 24 isolates encoded more than one ${\beta}$-lactamase, and seven isolates (29%) harbored two different SHV-type ${\beta}$-lactamase genes ($bla_{SHV-11}$ and $bla_{SHV-12}$) bounded by insertion sequence IS26 in a single transferable plasmid.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8119-8126
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• 2016

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the toxic side effects of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CTX), the use of herbal medicines with fewer side effects but having potential use as inducing anti-cancer outcomes in situ has become increasingly popular. The present study sought to investigate the effects of a methanolic extract of Bauhinia tomentosa against Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) induced ascites as well as solid tumors in BALB/c mice. Specifically, B. tomentosa extract was administered intraperitonealy (IP) at 10 mg/kg. BW body weight starting just after tumor cell implantation and thereafter for 10 consecutive days. In the ascites tumor model hosts, administration of extract resulted in a 52% increase in the life span. In solid tumor models, co-administration of extract and CTX significantly reduced tumor volume (relative to in untreated hosts) by 73% compared to just by 52% when the extract alone was provided. Co-administration of the extract also mitigated CTX-induced toxicity, including decreases in WBC count, and in bone marrow cellularity and ${\alpha}$-esterase activity. Extract treatment also attenuated any increases in serum levels of $TNF{\alpha}$, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, GM-CSF, and VEGF seen in tumor-bearing hosts. This study confirmed that, the potent antitumor activity of B.tomentosa extract may be associated with immune modulatory effects by regulating anti-oxidants and cytokine levels.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2000년도 International Meeting 2000
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• pp.58-65
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• 2000

Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of both illness and death in developing countries and are caused by rotavirus, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Vibrio spp. In this study, for the development of vaccine against diarrheal diseases caused by Shigella sonei, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli O157, and Vibrio cholerae, cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of genes and characteristics of their gene products in E. coli were performed. For construction of attenuated strain of S. sonnei KNIH104 and Salmonella typhimurium KNIH100, the aroA genes were cloned, respectively. The recombinant plasmid $_pJP{\Delta}A45$ containing aroA deleted region and suicide vector $(_pJP5603)$ was constructed. The aroA gene deleted mutants were constructed using this recombinant plasmid. For cloning gene encoding antigenic region of E. coli O157 KNIH317, the O-antigen synthesis gene cluster and sit gene was cloned. The E. coli XL1-Blue cells harboring this recombinant plasmid showed cytotoxicity in Vero cells. The ctx gene was cloned for tile purpose of antigenic region against V. cholerae KNIH002. Sequence analysis confirmed that the virulence gene cassette was consisted of ace, zot, ctxA and ctxB genes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2009

Chromosomal 인 SHV-11 $\beta$-lactamase가 plasmid를 매개로 다른 균주로 전달 되는 현상은 흔하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 플라스미드성 SHV-11 $\beta$-lactamase를 동시에 가지고 있는 ESBL생성 두 균주를 검출하였다. 따라서 이들 균주에 대한 유전적 특성과 임상적 의의에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. Vitek system과 이중디스크확산법을 이용하여 ESBL생성균주를 검출하였고, PCR과 DNA 염기서열분석을 이용하여 SHV-11 $\beta$-lactamase를 가지고 있는 ESBL생성균주를 확인 하였다. 이들 균주를 교차접합실험과 형질전환실험을 이용하여 유전자전이를 확인하고 액체배지 희석법으로 3세대 cephalosphorin 항생제에 대한 최소억제농도를 측정하였다. 이들 균주의 유전형 분석결과는 SHV-11 $\beta$-lactamase 유전자와 CTX-M-15 ESBL 유전자를 동시에 가지고 있었다. 3세대 cephalosphorin 항생제에 대한 최소억제농도는 SHV-11 $\beta$-lactamase와 CTX-M-15 ESBL 유전자를 동시에 가지고 있는 균주에서 $64{\mu}g/ml$ 이상이었고, SHV-11 $\beta$-lactamase 만을 가지고 재조합 한 균주에서 $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ 이하로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1841-1846
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• 2009

갱년기의 여성에는 여러 폐경 증후들이 나타나는데, 특히 에스트로겐의 감소로 인한 골 손실의 증가 등으로 골다공증질환의 발병율이 높아지게 된다. 이러한 갱년기 증후군을 치료하기 위해 호르몬 대체 요법으로 치료를 하고 있으나 유방암과 자궁암 등의 부작용에 대한 논쟁의 여지가 있어 갱년기 증후군을 치료하는데 양면성을 가진다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 쉽게 섭취 할 수 있으며, 부작용이 없는 해조류인 감태 추출물을 이용하여 in vivo 실험을 통해 갱년기 장애 시 나타날 수 있는 골 손실에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 난소 절제술을 시행한 군들에서 전체적으로 체중이 증가하였으나, 난소절제 후 감태 추출물을 투여에 의한 체중 감소는 나타나지 않아 감태 추출물이 체중 감소에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 난소절제 시(OVX-CON) 에스트로겐 결핍으로 bone turnover가 증가되어 비 난소절제(SHAM)군에 비해 혈장 중의 ALP의 활성이 증가되었으나, 난소 절제 후 감태 추출물을 투여한 군에서 그 활성이 유의적으로 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 이것은 난소 절제 후 에스트로겐의 분비가 감소되는데 반해 감태 추출물 투여가 에스트로겐 대체 작용을 함으로써 난소절제로 인한 골 손실 정도를 완화시켜 준 것으로 추측되어진다. 골 용해 지표인 혈액 중의 CTx는 난소절제군이 비 절제군에 비해 높은 수준을 보여 난소 절제군에 있어 골 용해가 증가되었음을 나타내었다. 반면 감태 추출물의 투여로 인해 CTx 함량이 감소하였으며, EC-200군의 경우 SHAM과 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 이는 난소절제로 인해 bone turnover가 증가된 상태에서 감태 추출물의 투여로 bone turnover가 감소하여 골 흡수 저해 효과를 타나낸 것으로 추정된다. 또한 결합조직 중의 collagen 함량은 난소절제로 인하여 감소하였으나, 감태 추출물의 투여에 의해 점진적으로 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 estrogen 부족으로 인한 골 손실의 예방에 감태가 유익한 효과를 가지며, 이를 활용한 기능성식품 개발도 가능할 것으로 기대되어 진다.