• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1985

Keloids are abnormally healed skin wounds that develop in the subpapillary layer of the dermis. They are a lesion with wide, raised and deep scars. They exceed the original dimensions of the wound and grow mounds upon mounds of collagen in a pseudotumor fashion. Their treatment may take several forms such as surgery, intralesional injection of steroid, compression, superficial irradiation, and combination therapy. However, absolute method is nothing until now. Recently, the cryosurgery shows relatively good effect in treatment, so we tried the clinical experience with cryosurgery in the treatment of keloids. Material and methods: During the past 2 years, we treated 20 individuals of the keloids with severe itching and pain. The age ranged from 5 to 45 years old. Only 6 cases were biopsied before and after cryotherapy. The cryosurgery set we used was Toitu model CR 201 $N_2O$ gas (tip temperature is $-80^{\circ}C$) and was applied directly on the lesion about 4 to 5 minutes with slight compression. After cryosurgery in keloids, the following results were obtained: 1. It is both quick and easy method. 2. It causes little or no pain and no loss of blood. 3. Integumentary normalization is rapid. The new scar tissue is smaller, and more elastic and soft. 4. The pain, itching and paresthesia commonly associated with keloid is usually disappeared. 5. Other treatment can be used after cryosurgery. 6. Histologic picture after cryosurgery is similar with the result of steroid injection. 7. The mechanism of the cryosurgery in keloids is the result of the direct tissue destroying action and cryoimmunologic reaction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2000

The effects of cryosurgery on tear production and histological changes of the third eyelid were studied in dogs. Clinically normal 12 mixed breeds weighing 2∼6 kg were divided into three groups and treated as follows; 45 seconds double freeze-thaw treated group, 60 seconds double freeze-thaw treated group and 90 seconds double freeze-thaw treated group. The significant decrease of the tear production after cryosurgery was shown in all groups throughout the observed periods(p<0.05). However, there was no difference among groups. The main complications after cryosurgery were chemosis and conjunctival injection. Other complications such as eyelid edema, eyelid depigmentation and keratitis were more preominent in group III compared to those of groups I and II. On histopathological examination, chronic inflammatory changes and regeneration of the third eyelid glands were noted in group I and predominated loss of the third eyelid glands and necrosis of hyaline cartilage were observed in group III However, such changes were less appeared in group II. The results of this study suggested that double freeze-thaw cryosurgery for 60 seconds on the third eyelid glands would be the most effective method for treating tear staining syndrome.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.237-241
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• 1989

Hemangioma can present difficult management problems to the oral & maxillofacial surgeon when their removal is indicated. Cryosurgery has also been employed for the treatment of hemangiomas and offers several advantages over the other treatment methods. This is a case report of hemangioma which was treated by cryosurgery. The cryosurgery technique has proved to be painless, bloodless and safe. The healing process was completed at 4 weeks postoperatively with minimal invisible scar.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2012

Background: Cryosurgery was recently introduced as a treatment for varicose veins in the lower extremities. Cryosurgery with freezing probes can be used to remove the great saphenous vein (GSV) via an inguinal incision alone. The aim of this study was to assess early outcomes and the feasibility of cryosurgery for varicose veins. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in the present study from March 2009 to July 2010. All patients underwent careful physical examinations, and their GSV reflux was demonstrated by duplex ultrasonography. Clinical severity was measured according to the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology (CEAP) classification. The impaired GSVs were removed with rigid cryoprobes after freezing. Patients had follow-up appointments at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Sclerotherapy was performed during follow-up on an outpatient basis as needed. Results: A total of 19 men and 21 women were enrolled. The mean follow-up duration was 3.4 months (range, 1 to 12 months). The clinical severity ranged from CEAP 2 to CEAP 6a. Thirty-eight patients underwent concomitant phlebectomy during surgery. No recurrences were reported during follow-up. There were three cases of minor complications. Two patients had paresthesia, and one had thrombophlebitis. Conclusion: Using cryosurgery techniques to treat varicose veins, the complication rates were minimal and outcomes were comparable to those of previous reports. This procedure is a safe and feasible treatment modality for varicose veins.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2012

Cryosurgery is a safe method for palliation of endobronchial malignancies causing airway obstruction. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness for controlling bleeding, endobronchial cryosurgery is considered to be a good method that is clinically applicable to a malignant endobronchial tumor. In cases with stenosis caused by an endoluminal tumor, cryo-recanalization with a cryoprobe was immediately effective in most of the patients. A novel technique described by Hetzel in 2004 to achieve rapid recanalization of central airway obstruction with endobronchial cryoprobe. Cryorecanalization technique is feasible and offers many advantages in the interventional therapy of malignant intraluminal tumors of the respiratory tract.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2012

Although an ameloblastoma is a benign tumor histologically, it may act malignantly. It has locally destructive and recurrent tendencies. Many different strategies have been attempted in order to cure an ameloblastoma including curettage, enucleation, marsupialization, and resection with a safty margin. Curettage, enucleation, and marrsupialization can be classified into a conservative treatment and resection with a safty margin can be classified into a radical treatment. Radical treatment has better results than the conservative treatment. Thus, more radically conservative treatment methods are needed in order to improve the treatment results. The cryosurgery can be applied an ameloblastoam. In particular, with regards to the solid and intramural type, the application of the cryosurgery has its advantages over the conservative treatment. After resection of the diseased area we don't need to discard the diseased segment. Instead, by placing the segment in liguid nitrogen, the diseased segment can use the autogenous tray for packing several bone materials.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 1996

A numerical study on the Stefan problem occurred in cryosurgery is performed. Crank-Nicholson type finite difference algorithm based on the enthaly method is adapted to solve the phase change problem in this study. As it is a moving boundary problem, special emphasis is put on the estimation of the freezing front location. Two cases selected here are freezings of human tissue by disk type cryoprobe and by hemispherical one. In both cases, the heat flows are considered to be one dimensional. The calculated results using enthalpy method are compared with those using the program TRUMP and with Neumann's solution. These results agree guite well with each other. While it is pretty difficult to get accurate freezing front location by TRUMP due to the so- called "phase change knee" occured during the phase change, the algorithm based on the enthalpy method is proved to be very powerful to cope with this kind of problem.f problem.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2003

Purpose: To analyze the clinical outcome and radiological features after surgical treatment of stage III giant cell tumor around the knee. Materials and Methods: 21 patients with stage III giant cell tumor around the knee joint, who were operated at our institutes between March 1991 and February 2000, were selected for this study. The average follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 1~9 years). After thorough curettage using high speed burr, cryosurgery and cementing with polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) were performed in 11 patients. 7 patients were treated with PMMA cementing (4 patients) or bone grafting (3 patients) after curettage without cryosurgery. Reconstruction with prosthesis composite allograft and knee fusion with Huckstep nail were performed in 3 patients with huge defect and joint perforation. Results: Local recurrence developed in 1 out of 11 patients who was treated with curettage and cementing with cryosurgery (9.1%) and 3 out of 7 patients who underwent curettage and cementing without cryosurgery (28.6%). Joint space narrowing more than 3mm was noted in 1 patient (9.1%), who treated with cryosurgery and anther patient (14.5%) who treated without cryosurgery. There was no local recurrence in case of wide resection and reconstruction. Conclusion: Thorough curettage and PMMA cementing with cryosurgery as an adjuvant is thought to be effective modalities in the treatment of stage 3 giant cell tumors around the knee. Wide resection and reconstruction can be reserved mainly for the cases of stage 3 giant cell tumor with significant cortical destruction and marked joint destruction, and the cases of local recurrence with poor bone stock.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.307-310
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• 2011

Pulmonary hamartoma is one of the most common benign lung tumors. Well-known conventional methods of treatment for lung hamartomas include VATS enucleation or wedge resection, bronchoplasty, and others. Here we present a case of endobronchial hamartoma that was successfully treated with cryosurgery by flexible bronchoscopy.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2009

Most J-T (Joule-Thomson) refrigerators use a Giaque-Hampson type heat exchanger due to its excellent thermal performance and compactness. The cryoprobe (cryosurgical probe) treating prostate cancer usually has a dimension of 17 gauge (1.6 mm diameter), so it does not have enough space to bear a Giaque-Hampson type heat exchanger. In this paper, the triplet heat exchanger is adopted as the heat exchanger of cryoprobe, and the performance is investigated with an experimental test. The result shows that the triplet heat exchanger can be substituted for Giaque-Hampson type heat exchanger in the application of cryosurgery.