• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.372-375
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less higher in IVDMD and DDMM than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMM among the varieties of forage rape in this experiment.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 1991

Recent epidemiological observations suggested beneficial effects of dietary fiber on man's health. The obsective of this study was to obtain the dietary fiber reference data of mushrooms. The dietary fiber contents of six different mushrooms (Cornellus edodes, Auricularia auriculajudae, Gyrophora esculanta, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Collybia velutipes) were analyzed by Southgate method, modified neutral detergent fiber (NDF) method and Food Research Institute (FRI) method. Duplicate sample were used for each determination. The mean values of total dietary fiber by Southgate method, modified NDF method and FRI method were respectively $20.08\pm1.45g$/100g dry weight, $20.24\pm1.85g$/100g dry weight and $21.5\pm2.70g$/100g dry weight. The mean values of all mushroom samples by FRI method were significantly different from the mean values of the samples by modified NDF method and Southgate method. However, there was no difference in the mean values of the samples between modified NDF method and Southgate method. By Southgate method, total dietary fiber of mushrooms composed of 1.7-3.1% soluble fiber, 47.0-66.6% hemicellulose, 28.4-57.7% cellulose and 0.9-3.3% lignin. By modified NDF method, total dietary fiber of mushrooms composed of 61.8-79.1% hemicellulose, 5.4-32.9% cellulose and 4.5- l5.5% lignin. Therefore, dietary fiber contents of mushrooms were mainly hemicellulose. Our values for total dietary fiber for six mushrooms were 2~4 times higher than crude fiber in textbook.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The hemicellulose fraction of ryegrass straw was extracted with NaOH and used for production of glucose isomerase by Streptomyces flavogriseus. Up to 25％ crude hemicellulose (20％ as pentosan) could he obtained by treating straw with 1 to 24％ NaOH. The yield of hemicellulose was increased proportionately with increasing NaOH concentration up to 4％, but the rate of increase was slowed thereafter. The optimum condition for hemicellulose extraction from ryegrass straw was to treat straw with 4％ NaOH for 3hrs at 9$0^{\circ}C$ or 24hrs at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Highest level of glucose isomerase activity (3.04 units/ml culture) was obtained when the organism was grown for 2 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ on 2％ straw hemicellulose. The organism also produced a good quantity of glucose isomerase on xylan, xylose or H$_2$SO$_4$-hydrolysate of straw. The hemicellulose-extracted straw residue could be used as animal feed, because the residue had 75％ higher digestibility and 20％ better feed efficiency for weanling meadow voles than the untreated straw.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.176-179
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• 1985

Digestion trials were conducted to evaluate intake and digestibility of grass harvested at different dates. Silage was prepared from first-growth forage (predominantly timothy) which cutting dates; 4 June (vegetative, called early-cut) and 30 June (heading, called late-cut). The silage was fed to wethers at restricted and ad libitum levels of intake. The crude protein and crude fat of silage decreased with advancing maturity, while contents of fibre increased. DM intake of early-cut and late-cut silage were $99g/W_{kg}^{0.75}\;and\;75g/W_{kg}^{0.75}$, respectively. In digestibility and TDN, significant differences (p<0.01) between early-cut and late-cut silage were found. There was no significant difference in DM digestibility of early-cut silage between restricted and ad libitum feeding, but DM digestibility was decreased markedly in ad libitum feeding that out of account in fecal condition. Digestibility of all composition in early-cut silage, except for hemicellulose, was not observed with increasing levels of intake. Digestibility of crude protein, NDF and hemicellulose in late-cut silage were decreased (p<0.05) in ad libitum when compared with restricted feeding. Results of this study suggest that digestibility of early and late forages harvested as silage varies with levels of intake. Thus, relationship levels of intake and digestibility must be considered cautiously.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the feed value of rice straw as influenced by ripening stage, and to determine the effects of chemical treatments and ensiling on its feeding value, in situ studies using a rumen fistulated Korean cow nylon bag technique, and digestion trials with sheep were conducted. Experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farms, Woosuk University, Wanju in 1998. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The contents of crude protein and crude fat were decreased(P<0.05), while those of crude fiber and crude ash were increased as the ripening of rice straw progressed. The content of NDF was not affected by the ripening stage. After the yellow stage hemicellulose was remarkably decreased while cellulose and lignin were increased. 2. Degradation of rice straw NDF in the rumen was most rapid when at the heading stage, but degradation of straws after the milky stage were similar each other. Degradation of rice straw ADF, on the other hand, did not show any difference with advancing ripening stage. In Conclusion, the change of chemical composition and degradation rate of rice straw in the rumen under the different ripening stage, it can be concluded that the lignification of rice straw was accelerated after the heading stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 1986

Pectic substance of hot pepper crude cell wall was fractionated during ripening and softening. The pectic substance was divided ionically associated pectin(IAP) and covalently bounded pectin with hemicellulose(CBP). And then, the composition and the modification of the pectic substance using gel filtration chromatography were studied. The polyuronide associated with the CBP increased owing to decreasing of pectin bound hemicellulose linked to galactose by the turning stage showed softening. The molecular weight profiles of IAP shifted from low molecular weight profiles of IAP shifted from low molecular weight to high molecular weight polymers. While, the CBP changed from high molecular weight to low molecular weight polymers during ripening. It is suggested that the changes in the pectic substance associated with fruit softening should involve the alteration of CBP-bound hemicellulose like galactan.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of application levels of food waste compost andmineral nitrogen in 3 cuttings per annurn on the nutritive value and nutrient yields of orchardgrass (Dactylisglomerata L.). Annual food waste compost (FWC) and mineral nitrogen were applied at levels of 0, 10, 20,40 and 60 ton ha-', and 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-', respectively. The contents of crude protein (CP, %) oforchardgrass were significantly higher at the application levels of 40 ton ha-' yr-' by FWC than those atapplication levels of 0 ton ha-' yr-' (p<0.05), the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %), acid detergentfiber (ADF, %) and hemicellulose were also higher in FWC applied plots, except for the FWC levels of 10and 60 ton ha-' yr-'. The contents of total digestible nutrient (TDN, %) and relative feed value (RFV) oforchardgrass were significantly higher at FWC levels of 10 and 60 ton ha-' yr-' than at levels of 0 ton ha"yr-'. Annual yields of CP and TDN were increased with increase the FWC levels. The highest contents ofCP of orchardgrass were obtained at 1st cut, NDF and ADF at 2nd cut. As the mineral nitrogen fertilizationwas increased, the contents of CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose of orchardgrass were significantly increased,but TDN and RFV were decreased. .Annual yields of CP and TDN of orchardgrass were significantlyincreased with increase the mineral nitrogen fertilization.(Key words : Food waste compost, Mineral nitrogen, Crude protein, Neutral detergent fiber, Acid detergentfiber)rgent fiber, Acid detergent fiber)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 1996

This study was conducted to determine changes in th contents and composition of dietary fiber during the growth of soybean sprout. Soybean was soaked in water at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs and cultivated at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days under dark condition. The soybean sprouts were divided into cotyledon and axis and sampled every 24hrs. The analysis methodlogies used were Van Soest's NDF, AOAC's ADF and lignin and Prosky's IDF, SDF, TDF. The weight of 100 sprouts increased gradually from 20.26g to 90.12g during the growth periods. The weight increased to 344.9% of the original weight. The germination rate was 100% after soaking at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. Root length increased gradualy from 0.6cm at 1st day to 17.2cm at 7th day. The crude ash and crude fat contents showed no significant change in the cotyledon and axis. The crude protein contents increased in the cotyledon and axis, whereas the total carbohydrate content didn't have general tendency. The insoluble dietary fiber(IDF), soluble dietary fiber(SDF) and total dietary fiber(TDF) contents of cotyledon were no significantly different from 20.01%, 1.45%, 21.46% at 1st day to 22.75%, 2.07%, 24.82% at 7th day on dry basis. In axis those contents increased from 23.19%, 1.97%, 25.16% at 1st day to 32.78%, 3.02%, 35.80% at 7th day, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 4.35% to 6.39% and from 6.44% to 26.60% respectively on dry basis. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 2.84% to 4.91% and from 2.5% to 4.7%, but there were no significantly different in the hemicellulose and lignin contents on dry basis. The hemicellulose and lignin contents of axis increased with culture periods from 1.70% to 4.41% and from 0.20% to 2.11%, respectively. The cellulose contents increased from 4.54% to 20.35% on dry basis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.852-856
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine on the proximate analysis and the several structural carbohydrate for 11 kinds of new vegetables. The samples were dried at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs and ground to pass a 0.5 mm screen. The crude protein and crude fat contents of new vegetables were 2∼3 times higher than those of grain as dry matter basis. However the crude ash content of new vegetables was 7 times higher than that of grain. Total dietary fiber was ranged from 32.61% (Costamary) to 41,22% (Treviso) as dry matter basis. Insoluble dietary fiber was ranged from 21.58％ (Red leaf beet) to 28.95％ (Treviso) as dry matter basis. Soluble dietary fiber was ranged from 6.60% (Nakai) to 14.70% (Common danelion) as dry matter basis. Total carbohydrates was ranged from 73.62% (Salad bowl) to 36.30% (Red leaf beet) as dry matter basis. Neutral detergent fiber was ranged from 48.83% (Nakai) to 29.60% (Red leaf beet) as dry matter basis. Acid detergent lignin was ranged from 27.65% (Salad bowl) to 2.92% (Corn salad) as dry matter basis. Hemicellulose was ranged from 22.55% (Nakai) to 2.15% (Salad bowl).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.474-478
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• 2001

Eighteen Murrah male buffalo calves were allotted into three groups of six each. The calves in group I (control) were fed with whole milk, skim milk, calf starter and green maize fodder. The calves in group II (high butyric acid) and group III (low butyric acid) were fed with the same diet as control along with 24 ml and 12 ml of butyric acid/calf/day for 120 days, respectively for 120 days. Dry matter intake was higher in group II and III as compared with group I. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose was the highest in group II followed by group III and the control group. Body weight gain and conversion efficiency of dry matter, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients were better in group II. Cost of feed for per unit of live weight gain was the lowest in group II. It was concluded that dietary addition of butyric acid (24 ml/day) was economical and had positive effect on the performance of Murrah buffalo calves.