• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 1986

the purpose of this paper is to study on the proximate composition, mineral and saponin content in white sesame, black sesame, and perilla seed. For this purpose, we have compared six different materials: white-raw-sesame, white-roast-sesame, black-raw-sesame, black-roast-sesame, raw-perilla seed and roast perilla seed, and have come to the following results. The crude fat content was the highest in white-raw-sesame(55.3%). In all the six samples, the crude fat content in raw seeds was all higher than that in roast seeds. The crude protein content was the highest in the roast perilla seed(24.6%), and in the six samples, the crude protein content in roast seeds all higher than that in roast seeds. The total sugar content was found to be the highest in the roast perilla seed(8.29%). The reducing sugar content was higher in raw perilla seed(1.57%) than in other sample materials. The ash content was the highest in black raw-sesame(5.93%), and that percentage rates was the same as that of FAO and of Japan. Minerals like Cd. Mn. Cu. Na. Mg. Pb. and Ca. were found to be contained more in black sesame than in other sample materials. The minerals contained most in white sesame were Zn.(61.6ppm) and Fe(49.4ppm), and K was contained a little more in perilla seed than in the others. The sample materials which contain saponin most were white-roast-sesame(0.34%) and black-roast-sesame(029%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.258-262
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• 1978

Proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid in dried chicory root (moisture content 7.0%) are analyzed and subsequent results are as follows: Crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total sugar and ash content in chicory root are 8.6%, 1.6 %, 6.9%, 58.5% and 4.2%, respectively. Mineral content of Ca, P, Fe, Mg and Si in the root are 1,560, 180, 10,600 and 180 mg%, respectively. Other minerals such as K, Na, Al, Zn, Ag, Cu and Ti are also determined. Unsaturated fatty acid content in total fat of the root is 65.4%, Particularly high in linoleic acid. Uridine-5'-diphospho-glucose, as sole nucleotide-sugar in the root, was detected.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate in influence of inoculation B. sp. and lime types on nutrient content of peanut seed, and the correlation between nutritient contents in seed and plant. 1. Inoculated B. sp., content of crude protein, phenylalanine, isoleucine, cystine, histidine, aspartic acid, serine, and alanine in seed were increased significantly, but that of crude fat was decreased. 2. The content of crude fat was the highest without lime, glutamic acid was the highest with calcium sulfate, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, glycine and alanine with slaked lime, and histidine with calcium carbonate. 3. The content of crude protein in seed was negatively correlated with that of crude fat. The contents of chlorophyll, allantoin, ammonia, free amino acid, T-N, $P_2O_5$, and CaO in leaf at 100 days after sowing were positively correlated with the content of crude protein and various kinds of amino acid in seed, but negatively with the content of crude fat. The content of nitrate in leaf at 100 days after sowing showed the result of contrary tendency.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional constituents of pine pollen and the effects of pine pollen on rat liver. Using the chemical components analysis method, the constituents of pine pollen are crude protein(13.97%). crude lipid (6.50%), crude ash (3.25%). Detectable in pine pollen are main fatty acids and non-essential amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid such as oleic and linoleic acid and 18kinds of amino acid including essential amino acids. The effects of pine pollen on rat liver fed with a high fat diet for 6 weeks showed significant decrease in total lipid and triglyceride as compared with the group fed with a fat diet only. Total cholesterol content decreased by 20.33%. No significant difference was found in total protein content of each group. Pine pollen Is efficacious in preventing geriatric diseases (arteriosclerosis, hyper-lipidemia and cardiovascular system-related diseases).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2017

Purpose: Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is a nutritional food that has been used widely for treatment of heart disease, abnormal menstruation, and menopause. Methods: In this study, the crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash contents of two different Lycii fruits with different colors were investigated, and their color values, total sugar, pH, total anthocyanins and total carotenoids were analyzed. Results: Regarding crude ash, crude fat and crude protein contents, the L. barbarum showed higher in crude fat and crude protein contents than black fruits, whereas L. ruthenicum showed higher contents than black fruits. Regarding mineral composition, mineral contents were in the other of K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, and Fe. The K content was high in all of the samples, and the contents of Cr and Cu were not measured. The pH values of L. ruthenicum and L. barbarum were $5.00{\pm}0.01$ and $5.08{\pm}0.02$, respectively. The total sugar content of L. ruthenicum was 45.45% while that of L. barbarum was 45.43%. Ascorbic acid content of L. barbarum was $50.86{\pm}3.63%$ while that of L. ruthenicum was $6.3{\pm}1.40%$. The total anthocyanin content of L. ruthenicum was $462.22{\pm}0.41mg/100g$, although no anthocyanin was detected in L. barbarum. The total carotenoids content was $812.25{\pm}6.01mg/100g$ in L. barbarum, although that of L. ruthenicum was not measured. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that there is a large difference in the composition of functional ingredients of L. ruthenicum and L. barbarum. There is a strong possibility of L. ruthenicum to be developed into color food sources.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1150-1169
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• 2023

Edible insects are gaining popularity as a potential future food source because of their high protein content and efficient use of space. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are noteworthy because they can be used as feed for various animals including reptiles, dogs, fish, chickens, and pigs. However, if the edible insect industry is to advance, we should use automation to reduce labor and increase production. Consequently, there is a growing demand for sensing technologies that can automate the evaluation of insect quality. This study used short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging to predict the proximate composition of dried BSFL, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content. The larvae were dried at various temperatures and times, and images were captured using an SWIR camera. A partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the proximate content. The SWIR-based hyperspectral camera accurately predicted the proximate composition of BSFL from the best preprocessing model; moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content were predicted with high accuracy, with R² values of 0.89 or more, and root mean square error of prediction values were within 2%. Among preprocessing methods, mean normalization and max normalization methods were effective in proximate prediction models. Therefore, SWIR-based hyperspectral cameras can be used to create automated quality management systems for BSFL.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.377-388
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the content attributes and sensory characteristics of ice cream flavored with lotus leaf and seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). Analysis of freeze dried lotus leaf powder produced the following technical results: Freeze dried lotus leaf powder contained moisture 12.2, crude protein 5.9, crude fat 1.2, crude ash 7.0, crude fiber 13.4g/100mg; raw lotus seed powder contained moisture 65.0, crude protein 8.2, crude fat 0.3, crude ash 1.0, crude fiber 10.8g/100mg; freeze dried lotus seed powder contained moisture 14.0, crude protein 17.1, crude fat 1.9, crude ash 4.0, crude fiber 2.8g/100mg. Lotus seed was processed by 4 methods: freeze dried, roasted, freeze dried peeled inner layer, cooked cut peeled inner layer. Analysis of the color value produced the following technical results: freeze dried lotus leaf powder were L(lightness) 14.5, a(redness) 4.4, b(yellowness) 24.0; freeze dried lotus seed powder L 57.3, a 14.4, b 12.0; roasted lotus seed powder L 52.7, a 22.5, b 11.9; freeze dried lotus seed peeled inner layer L 60.0, a 1.4, b 12.3. Proportional lotus ingredients used for ice cream were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% for lotus leaves and 1%, 3%, 5% for lotus seeds. The maximum over run ratio for lotus leaf ice cream was 45.3~56.9% at 20~25 minutes operating time. Over run was significantly decreased by increasing the contents of lotus leaf powder. A maximum over run ratio for lotus seed ice cream was 46.1~54.3% at 20~25 operating time. Over run was not significantly different based on content of lotus leaf versus lotus seed. Sensory evaluation of lotus leaf ice cream produced the following results: the highest score was for color of 4.42 and the lowest score was for sweetness of 3.30. The total mean score significantly decreased by increasing the content of lotus leaf powder. Sensory evaluation of lotus seed ice cream produced the following results: the highest score was for cooked cut peeled inner layer type and the lowest was for freeze dried type 3.86. The sensory scores were not significantly different based on the content of lotus seed. Texture was evaluated highest with a rating of 4.21 and the taste was evaluated lowest with a rating of 3.68 For whole evaluation. This study concluded that lotus leaf ice cream demonstrates relative strength in terms of color and taste, and a relative weakness in terms of over run and sweetness. Suitable content of lotus leaf ranged from 1~5%. The lotus seed processed by the cooked cut peeled inner layer method received a higher rating than dried powder for lotus seed ice cream.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

This study was performed to the investigate the Yackwa quality according to the addition level of cellulose(0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% w/w flour). The color(L, a and b value), hardness, crude lipid content and sensory evaluation of Yackwa were measured. The values for color(L, a and b value) were not shown any significant difference among the all of Yackwa groups, but L(lightness) tended to be increased in 5 and 7% cellulose Yackwa groups than cellulose free Yackwa(control). The 7% cellulose Yackwa was harder than control, but the hardness of Yackwa didn't show difference in groups added below 5% cellulose compare to control. Crude fat contents showed no significant difference in the all Yackwa groups but tended to decrease in Yackwa groups added above 1% cellulose than control. It could be thought that fat absorption of Yackwa was affected due to adding a cellulose. There were not found any significant differences in the taste values for sensory evaluation according to cellulose level, and overall acceptability in below 5% cellulose Yackwa groups didn't differ from control. On the other hand the higher level of cellulose, the more crispness which was positively associated with overall acceptability. These findings could be thought that the addition of 3% cellulose(w/w) in preparing Yackwa were needed to reduce the fat absorption and to increase the crispness without changing the tastes and overall acceptability of Yackwa.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the seeding dates on the yield and feed value in cultivating Italian rye grass on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with seeding dates of Oct. 19 (T1), Oct. 26 (T2), Nov. 2 (T3), Nov. 9 (T4), and Nov. 16 (T5) treatments. Plant length, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Crude protein, Crude fat and crude ash were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). On the other hand, NDF, ADF and Crude fiber were decreased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Total mineral contents were higher in the order of T4 > T3 > T5 > T1 > T2 (p<0.05). The total composition amino acid content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the seeding dates delayed. Total free sugar content was highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Nutrition yields (crude protein, crude fat, amino acid and free sugar) were increased significantly with early seeding dates (p<0.05). The above result indicated that it is favorable to seed soon after rice harvest to increase dry matter yield and nutrition yield of Italian ryegrass in the midlands.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2018

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, $24-399{\mu}m$, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield ($R^2=0.791$). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.