• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.854-858
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• 2005

Methanol and water crude extracts, crude polysaccharides and crude polysaccharides-free of water crude extracts from Shiitake mush-room (Lentinus edodes) were investigated for their antioxidant capacity in total polyphenolics and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Total polyphenolics in the crude polysaccharides-free of water crude extracts were higher than that of the other ones. And crude polysaccharides-free of water crude extracts and water crude extracts show high on DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Positive correlations were found between total polyphenolics and their antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 1993

A study was performed to compare the anticancer effects of Korean and Chinese red ginseng roots. The whole crude extracts or chloroform, methanol and acetone fractions of the crude extracts were added in the culture medium of three cancer cell lines, a mouse leukemia cell line ($P_{388}$), a human colon carcinoma cell line (HT-29) and a human rectal carcinoma cell line (HRT-18), to screen the growth inhibition effects. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Crude extracts of both Korean and Chinese red ginseng roots inhibited the proliferation of all the three cancer cell lines tested in a dose dependent manner. However, the growth inhibition effects of Korean red ginseng extracts were significantly greater than that of Chinese red ginseng. 2. An acetone fraction showed the greatest antiproliferative effects among the 11'hole crude extracts, chloroform, methanol and acetone fractions of the crude extracts. 3. These results suggest that the active antiproliferative components of the crude extracts are present mostly in the acetone fraction.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 1991

As a part of studios on the Quality control of index components in crude drug preparations, extraction yields of ginseng saponins from crude drug extracts were identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC. So-Shi-Ho-Tang(小柴胡湯), Sa-Kun-Ja-Tang(四君子湯), Yook-Kun-Ja-Tang(六君子湯) and In-sam-Tang(人蔘湯) were extracted with water, 30%-ethanol, 50%-ethanol, 80%-ethanol and absolute ethanol to analyze ginseng saponins in the crude drug extracts prepared with various concentrations of ethanol. Ginseng saponins were extracted considerably more from the extracts with higher concentrations of ethanol than those with water or lower concentrations of ethanol. Extraction yields of ginseng-side-Rb$_1$, -Rb$_2$ and -R$_c$ from four crude drug preparations were the lowest as 4.9~45.9%, 5.0~40.1, and 6.3~43.7% in water extract and the highest as 29.5~62.6%, 26.7~61.4% and 31.4~62.0% in absolute ethanol extract, compared with those of 80%-methanol extracts.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.456-461
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• 1996

Vascular relaxation action of crude extracts of two kinds of Coptidis rhizoma (Coptis chinensis and Coptis japonica, Ranunculaceae) was investigated and compared with that of berberine and palmatine, active alkaloid components of these plants. The results show that total extracts, berberine, and palmatine induced a concentration-dependent vasodilatation of rat thoracic aorta contracted with phenylephrine (PE). Palmatine, unlike to berberine, did not inhibit contraction induced by KCI. In calcium-free media, not only berberine but also crude extracts inhibited calcium-induced contraction. Furthermore, pretreatment of crude extracts inhibited contraction induced by PE noncompetitively. In PE-induced contraction, berberine was 2.5 times more potent than Coptis chinensis in the relaxation of rat aorta in terms of $IC_{50}$ values. Analysis of the effects of crude extracts on the Emax and $IC_{50}(PE)IC_{50}(KCI)$ ratios provides information on selectivity and indicates that extracts exhibit greater inhibition of the contrac tile response induced by PE than by KCI. We concluded that crude extracts have .alpha.-adrenoceptor blocking action and possesses inhibitory effect on calcium influx, which may be at least in part responsible for the antihypertensive action.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 1997

Antifungal activities of the crude extracts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Coptis japonica and Phellodendron amurense were tested against Phvtophthora capsici. and the control effect on red-pepper phytophthora hlight and phytotoxicities of red-pepper were investigated. The results were summarized as follows; Mycelial growth and zoosporangial germination of the red-peppcr phytophthora hlight organism P. capsici were inhihited hy thc crude extracts of plant materials. Methanol extracts or plant materials had hctter antifungal activity than water extracts at hoth a room temperature and a hoiling condition. Antifungal activities of three crude extracts were gradually decreased with prolonged storage period. Red-pepper phytophthora hlight was effectively controlled hy the crude extracts of three plant materials. Of these. the crude extract of C. japonica was marvelously effective. Phytotoxic symptom to red-pepper seedling showed hy water cultural method hut not by pot test. Seed germination and radicle growth of red-pepper were inhihited hy the crude extracts of three plant materials. Phytotoxic symptoms in the leaves and fruits of red-pepper were not ohserved with exogenous foliage application of the three crude extracts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 1995

To find serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-antagonizing activities in traditional herbal drugs, crude extracts from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxytryptophan(HTP)-induced diarrhea in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg) induced diarrhea in 92% of mice, when observed from 10 to 15 min after injection. Crude extracts(2 g/kg) from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were orally pretreated for 1 h before 5-HTP injection. Of the 66 herbal drugs screened, Ephedrae Herba(麻黃), Cimicifugae Rhizoma(升麻), Anisi stellati Fructus(八角茴香), Aurantii Fructus(枳實), Polygalae Radix(遠志) showed the most potent inhibiting activities against 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg)-induced diarrhea in mice. There are at least 3 possible mechanisms that would be responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea; 1) crude extract-induced inhibition of the activity of aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase catalyzing the conversion of 5-HTP to 5-HT, 2) crude extract-induced blockade of 5-HT receptor(s) in the gastrointestinal tract responsible for 5-HTP-induced diarrhea, 3) crude extract-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal activity, irrespective of 5-HT system. The exact mechanisms and molecules, responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea remain to be clarified.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.4 s.94
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• pp.514-520
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts were investigated in this study. The contents of moisture, crude protein, and crude fat were not significantly different in the doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts. The crude ash content was significantly higher in the doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts. The doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts showed higher a-value. Antioxidative activity was evaluated by using the thiobarbituric acid reaction products assay and peroxide value. Antioxidative activity and hydrogen donating activity were increased in doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts. Doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts showed no differences with traditional doenjang in sensory profiles of taste, color, flavor, and overall quality. These result showed the applicability and higher quality of doenjang which contained Astragalus membranaceus water extracts.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

02PS15 extracts (BuOH, $H_2O$, and crude extracts) significantly inhibited IL-4 and IL-6 secretion from the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cleas (P<0.05). 02PS15 extracts (BuOH and crude extracts) also significantly inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (P<0.05). Significant reduced levels (P<0.05) of PMA- and A23187-induced IL-8 were observed in the human mast cell line, HMC-1, with O2PS15 extracts (BuOH and crude extracts). 02PS15 extracts (BuOH and crude extract) downregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in the activated HMC-1. These results suggest that O2PS15 has the inhibitory effect of atopic allergic reaction anil this might be useful for clinical application to treat several allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

To develop a natural antioxidant and anti-hemolytic agents, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of Rubus coreanus Miquel (crude extracts). Crude extract was extracted with ethanol. Antioxidant activity of crude extracts was evaluated by employing two different assays, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity. Also, anti-hemolytic activity of crude extract was determined using $H_2O_2$-induced hemolysis in normal rat red blood cells (RBC) or plasma. The extracts obtained from crude extract dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH-induced radicals and SOD-like activity. RBC oxidative hemolysis induced by $H_2O_2$ was significantly suppressed by the extracts of Rubus coreanus Miquel in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that crude extracts may have value as the potential antioxidant and anti-hemolytic medicinal plant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.177-179
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• 1971

The study on cytotoxicities of domestic antitumour crude drugs were carried out in order to evaluate the antitumour activity. The eleven crude drugs were studied in this paper. No cytotoxicities were observed both at 0.1ml of water extracts and alcohol extracts deuted against monkey kidney cell and HeLa-cell after 3 days cultivation at $37^{\circ}C$. The sample shown the heavy cytotoxicities against monkey kidney cell at 0.3ml alcohol extracts diluted sample solution are Lonicerae Flos and Puchrestae Radix.