• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.625-633
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• 1996

파속 식물체 내에 있는 활성물질을 추출 분리하여 생물검정하고, 이들 작물의 경엽을 직접 pot에 시용하여 벼를 재배하였을 때 생육 및 수량 구성 요소에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 유묘의 발근 및 생육을 촉진시키는 물질은 마늘의 염기성 분획과 대파, 양파, 부추 및 마늘의 약산성 분획에서 공통적으로 억제 물질보다 촉진물질의 활성이 높았으며 억제물질은 그 외 분획에서 활성이 높았다. 제 2엽초의 신장촉진 혹은 억제 물질은 공시한 파속 식물에는 내재하지 않았다. 2. 이앙 후 벼 유묘의 고사률은 이앙 당일에 비해 이앙 10일 전에 경엽을 시용한 처리가 높았고 특히 대파와 양파에 비해 부추와 마늘 시용구에서 높았다. 이앙 10일 전 동엽시용은 유효분얼수를 현저히 촉진시켰으며 특히 대파의 50g에서 400g까지, 양파의 50g에서 200g까지는 이삭입수의 증가도 나타나 표준시비구에 비해 수량 증가효과를 가져왔다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1995

Crude methanolic(80%) extracts from 109 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) uptake in primary cultured rat brainstem neurons. Rat brainstem neurons were cultured from embryonic day 14, and maintained for 7-9 days in vitro. Clomipramine (500 nM), a reference drug, decreased 5-HT uptake to 16% of control values. Of the 109 herbal drugs screened, Citri immaturi Pericarpium(靑皮), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃蓮), Cnidii Rhizoma(土川芎) showed the most potent 5-HT uptake inhibiting activities. These herbal drugs, at the concentration of $10{\;}{\mu}g/ml$, inhibited 5-HT uptake 69, 69, and 57% respectively, when inhibition(%) was expressed as a relative value compared to the 500 nM clomipramine-induced inhibition.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.650-655
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• 2017

Extraction methods for cultured sea mussels Mytilus edulis and the quality characteristics of resulting extracts were investigated. The crude protein, carbohydrate and volatile basic nitrogen content of raw sea mussels was 15.2%, 1.9%, and 11.2 mg/100 g, respectively. Extracts were prepared using three different methods: hot-water extract (WE), scrap enzymatic hydrolysate extraction (SE), and complex extraction (CE). The respective extracts contained 5.5%, 8.6%, and 6.6% crude protein; 281.7, 366.0, and 343.0 mg/100 g amino nitrogen,: and 2.0%, 1.1% and 1.8% salinity. Their extraction yields were 689, 323, and 1,012 mL/kg. The CE method was superior to the traditional WE method in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities, but not odor. Active taste components were evaluated and the total free amino acid content of the WE and CE methods was 5,667.0 and 7,006.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The concentrations of major components (for WE and CE methods, respectively) were as follows: glutamic acid (1,244.0 and 955.4 mg/100 g), taurine (987.9 and 746.8 mg/100 g), glycine (721.2 and 847.0 mg/100 g), alanine (341.9 and 423.8 mg/100 g), arginine (265.5 and 376.5 mg/100 g), lysine (199.8 and 270.4 mg/100 g), and proline (253.9 and 220.3 mg/100 g). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that there is potential for using the CE method to expand the commercial utilization of sea mussels as a flavoring substance resource.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.591-598
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• 1996

The water extracts of ten crude drugs were tested for the spasmolytic and anti-peptic ulcer activities on rat ileum smooth muscle contraction and aspirin-induced acute hemorrhag ic erosive gastritis respectively. The water extract of Aurantii immaturi pericarpium(AIP)($IC_{50}=1.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Aurantii nobilis pericarpium(ANP)($IC_{50}=2.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Cyperi rhizoma(CR)($IC_{50}=3.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l). Linderae radix(LR) ($IC_{50}=6.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)($IC_{50}=11.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Saussureae radix(SR)($IC_{50}=13.2{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) and Ponciri fructus(PF)($IC_{50}=23.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) showed inhibitory activity on the isometric contraction of rat ileum smooth muscle induced by electrical stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the water extracts of Arecae pericarpium(AP), Agastachis herba(AH) and Magnoliae cortex(MC) potentiated the isometric contraction. In the aspirin-induced acute gastritis, the water extracts of MC, AP and CR reduced significantly the gastric juice secretion, gastric juice acidity and pepsin activity. They also showed protective activity of gastric mucosal layer from erosion and petichial hemorrhage in gross and histological examination.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2015

Thailand is one of the largest citrus producers in Southeast Asia. Pathogenic infection by Phytophthora, however, has become one of major impediments to production. This study identified a pathogenic oomycete isolated from rotted roots of pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand as Phytophthora nicotianae by the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Then, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium cupreum and their crude extracts as biological control agents in controlling this P. nicotianae strain. Represent as antagonists in biculture test, the tested Chaetomium species inhibited mycelial growth by 50~56% and parasitized the hyphae, resulting in degradation of P. nicotianae mycelia after 30 days. The crude extracts of these Chaetomium species exhibited antifungal activities against mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, with effective doses of $2.6{\sim}101.4{\mu}g/mL$. Under greenhouse conditions, application of spores and methanol extracts of these Chaetomium species to pomelo seedlings inoculated with P. nicotianae reduced root rot by 66~71% and increased plant weight by 72~85% compared to that in the control. The method of application of antagonistic spores to control the disease was simple and economical, and it may thus be applicable for large-scale, highly effective biological control of this pathogen.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

The crude ethanol extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and two triterpenes, $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol, isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanolic extract of Duranta repens stem, were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The chloroform soluble fraction of stem and ethanol extract of fruits possess potent antishigellosis activity and also exhibited moderate activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi but the isolated compound 1 (mixture of $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol) showed mild to moderate inhibitory activity to microbial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and compound 1 were found to be in the range of 32$\sim$128 ${\mu}g/ml$. The chloroform soluble fractions of stem and ethanol extract of fruit showed significant cytotoxicity with $LC_{50}$ value of 0.94 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 0.49 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively against brine shrimp larvae.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2018

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors composed of cancer cells in an increased state of expression. This study evaluates the inhibitory effect of Carex pumila on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells using gelatin zymography, MMPs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assay. C. pumila was extracted twice with dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$) and methanol (MeOH). Treatment with $CH_2Cl_2$ extract and MeOH extract in PMA-stimulated HT-1080 cells effectively reduced the production of MMP-2 and 9. Also, the combined crude extracts ($CH_2Cl_2$ and MeOH) significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in mRNA and protein levels. The combined crude extracts were partitioned between $CH_2Cl_2$ and water. The organic layer was further fractionated with n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH) and the aqueous layer was separated into n-butanol and water, successively. Of the fractions, 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in gelatin zymography and MMP ELISA kit. Furthermore, 85% aq.MeOH fraction most significantly suppressed cell migration. In RT-PCR and Western blot assay, n-butanol and 85% aq.MeOH fractions exerted the greatest inhibition on mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. As a result, C. pumila can be used as a good anti-invasive agent source.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.399-410
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• 2022

To enhance the bioavailability and bioactivities of mixed herbal medicines (RW), they were fermented with lactic-acid bacteria isolated from kimchi into postbiotics (FRW). Then, from the results of the 16s rRNA sequencing analysis, lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi were identified to be of two species, namely Lactobacillus sakei and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The FRW prepared from the RW were extracted using hot water (HW) and 70% EtOH (EtOH) for comparison of their macrophage-stimulating activities. Based on a comparison of the activities of the FRW extracts, nitric oxide (NO) production of HW was significantly higher than that in EtOH. An analysis of the chemical properties of the extracts showed that HW had higher contents of neutral sugar and uronic acid than EtOH as well as contained a large amount of glucose. In addition, crude polysaccharide (CP) was prepared to enhance the macrophage-stimulating activity. The FRW-CP not only secreted immunostimulatory mediators but also increased the expression of immunostimulatory genes (iNOS, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6). The fractionated FRW-CP contained about 90% neutral sugars, and these sugars were mainly composed of glucose, galacturonic acid, and arabinose. Thus, FRW prepared by fermentation of RW with kimchi lactic acid bacteria were found to be immunostimulatory modulators.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

본 연구는 두부에 알팔파가 갖는 우수한 생리기능을 활용하여 기능성이 우수한 두부를 개발하고자 알팔파 추출물을 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 및 1.0% 수준으로 첨가하여 제조한 두부의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 제조된 두부의 수분 함량은 알팔파 추출물 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 무첨가 두부에 비해 높았으며, 조단백 함량은 첨가량에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 조회분의 함량은 시료 간의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 두부의 수율은 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였지만 무첨가 두부보다는 높았다. 알팔파 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 탁도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 두부의 색도는 알팔파 추출물을 첨가하였을 때 L값은 감소하고 a값과 b값은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 a값은 모두 음(-)을 나타내어 녹색의 경향을 띄었다. 알팔파 추출물 첨가 두부의 견고성은 첨가량에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였고 응집성, 탄력성, 검성 및 깨짐성은 첨가량에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 알팔파 추출물 첨가 두부의 이소플라본 함량은 첨가량에 비례하여 daidzein, genistein은 각각 322.6~348.6, $342.0\sim385.3{\mu}g/g$으로 증가하였다. 두부의 관능검사 결과 점수는 알팔파 추출물 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 0.5% 첨가 두부가 대조군에 비해 다소 높은 점수를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 알팔파 추출물의 첨가는 전체적인 조직감 및 이소플라본 함량 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 두부의 품질 특성은 유지하면서 관능적 특성 및 기능성의 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 또한 알팔파 추출물을 0.5% 이내로 첨가하였을 때 두부의 조직감 및 기호도를 높일 수 있는 가장 적절한 농도로 판단된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1995

인삼추출물의 품질은 유효성분인 사포닌의 함량뿐만 아니라 추출물의 물리성 및 색도도 주요한 요인이다. 따라서 년근별 원료삼에서 추출한 추출물의 사포닌함량, 물리성 및 색도를 조사함으로써, 인삼추출물 제조시 우량원료삼을 선택을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 원료삼의 년수가 증가할수록 추출물 중의 전당 및 sucrose의 함량과 추출물의 수율은 증가하였으나 조saponin함량은 년근 간에 유의성이 없었다. 조회분함량은 4년근의 추출물에서 가장 많았으며, 5년근의 추출물에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 인삼추출물의 탁도는 인삼근의 년수가 증가할수록 감소되었으나, 점도는 년근별 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 갈변반응의 중간생성물의 흡광도는 인삼근의 년수가 증가할수록 감소되었으며, 5년근 추출물의 명도 및 황색도가 가장 높았다.