• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1985

Each parching Anemarrhenae Rhizoma with 25% ethanol and normal saline has been used for anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antipyretic, sedative and diuretic, and so on. In order to investigate the differences of referential efficacy about each fractionated part of the aqueous extracts, pharmacological studies were carried out. The results of studies were summerized as follows : 1. By the administration of 25% ethanol treated preparation (F-I-1), the increase in urinary volume and $Na^+$ extraction was significantly recognized. 2. The excretion of electrolyte $Na^+$ by saline solution treated preparation (F-II-1) was significantly recognised in normal rats. 3. The increase of urinary volume and urinary $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ excretion by F-I-1 and n-butanol insoluble parts of F-I-1 (F-I-3) was significantly recognized in $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure of rats. 4. The increase of plasma $Na^+$ by F-I-1 and urea nitrogen by F-I-1 and F-I-3 in acute renal failure of rats was significantly recognized. 5. The increase of urinary volume by F-I-1 and F-I-3 was recognised in mice.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the sanitary and nutritional requirements for the industrialization of commercial kwamegi from Pacific herring Clupea pallasii (CK-PH). The proximate composition of CK-PH was 46.4-47.2% moisture, 24.7-25.6% crude protein, 23.6-25.2% crude lipid, and 2.5-2.9% ash, which differed significantly from that of commercial kwamegi from the Pacific saury Cololabis saira. According to the volatile basic nitrogen content, heavy metal content, and viable cell and coliform group counts, products K and F (prepared by a general process) maintained their freshness, whereas product T (treated with green tea extract) did not. Products K and F contained five types of biogenic amine: agmatine sulfate (2,596 and 2,067 mg/kg, respectively), putrescine dihydrochloride (8.5 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively), cadaverine (3.7 and 3.9 mg/kg, respectively), histamine (17.0 and 12.4 mg/kg, respectively), and spermidine (8.7 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively). Product T contained six amine types: tyramine (12.5 mg/kg), agmatine sulfate (2,723 mg/kg), putrescine dihydrochloride (29.4 mg/kg), cadaverine (321.6 mg/kg), histamine (45.3 mg/kg), and spermidine (13.6 mg/kg). The total amino acid content of product K (22.16/100g) was 5.8% lower than that of product F. The major amino acids of products K and F were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine. No difference was found in the fatty acid composition of products K and F. The major fatty acids in products K and F were 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. Based on the recommended daily dietary allowances for Koreans, the significant minerals in products K and F were calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.130-141
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• 2000

The dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) have been used in the traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes, fever and dysuria, etc. In order to investigate the quality evaluation of the dried roots of RG, we conducted the physico-chemical and biological evaluation method. The amount of catalpol from commercial samples is very diverse about $0.00{\sim}3.89%$ by using HPLC method, because it is easily decomposed by processing of RG. So, we should try to identify the correlation with the contents of catalpol and biological activities of RG. We chose 3 samples which were a wide difference of catalpol contents between each sample (Sample-I; 3.4%, Sample-II; 2.8%, Sample-III; 0.05%). Sample-I and Sample-II were found to be more effective than Sample-III on the DPPH free radical scavenging effect and inhibitory effect on $H_2O_2-catalyzed$ lipid peroxidation in rat liver in vitro. And, Sample-I and Sample-II exhibited more significant effects than Sample-III on accelerating actions of the small and large intestinal transport, and diuretic action in mice. So, it is suggested that the quantitative determination of catalpol should be required for the tandardization of the dried roots of RG.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.200-230
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• 2012

Objectives: Ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A., white ginseng, has been used for thousands of years in Traditional Korean Medicine. Red ginseng can be made by a steaming process of white ginseng changing a variety of ginsenosides and ingredients such as dencichine. This article reviews red ginseng for mechanisms for pharmacodynamics and toxicity based on the content of ginseng's active ingredients, ginsenoside changed by steaming. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Science Direct and Chinese Scientific Journals full text database (CQVIP), and KSI (Korean Studies Information) from their respective inceptions to June 2012. Results: Compared with unsteamed ginseng, the content of ginsenosides Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rh1, Rh2 and Rk1 called red ginseng-specific ginsenosides increased after the steaming process. Different ginsenosides have shown a wide variety of effects such as lowering or raising blood sugar and blood pressure or stimulating or sedating the nervous system. Especially, the levels of Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rh1, Rh2 and Rk1 were increased by the steaming process, showing a variety of pharmacodynamics in biological systems. Also, various processing methods such as puffing and fermentation have been developed in processing crude ginseng or red ginseng, affecting the content of ginseng's ingredients. The safety issue could be the most critical, specifically, on changed ginseng's ingredients such as dencichine. The level of dencichine was significantly reduced in red ginseng by the steaming process. In addition, the possible toxicity for red ginseng was affected by cytochrome P450, a herbal-drug interaction. Conclusions: The variety of pharmacological and toxicological properties should be changed by steaming process of Panax ginseng C. A., white ginseng. Even if it is not sure whether the steaming process of white ginseng would be better pharmacologically, it is sure that steaming reduces the level of dencichine causing a lower toxicity to the nervous system.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2015

본 연구는 귀뚜라미 소재를 식품으로서의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 다양한 가공방법에 따른 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 일반성분 중 조단백과 조회분 함량은 동결건조 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 수분함량과 조지방은 튀김건조 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 조섬유는 각각의 처리구에서 유사하게 나타났다. 열풍건조 처리구의 키틴함량은 약 12%로 튀김건조 처리구의 6%의 약 2배 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 동결건조 귀뚜라미 시료의 지방 100 g 중에서 불포화지방산이 63.55 g으로 가장 높게 측정되었고, 포화지방산은 튀김건조 처리구가 지방 100 g 중에서 31.88 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 무기질 함량은 동결건조 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 열풍건조, 볶음건조 및 튀김건조 순으로 나타났다. 건조조건에 따른 귀뚜라미의 안전성을 알아보기 위하여 중금속과 미생물 분석을 한 결과, 카드뮴과 수은이 검출되었으나 이는 각각 중금속의 식약처 고시 기준인 0.2 ppm, 0.5 ppm 보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났으며, 납과 비소는 모든 처리구에서 검출되지 않았다. 또한 병원성 미생물도 모든 처리구에서 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2009

연어 가공 부산물인 연어 가슴지느러미 부근 근육의 식품성분 특성에 대하여 살펴보았고, 아울러 연어 fillet 근육과 비교 검토하였다. 연어 가슴지느러미 근육의 일반성분은 수분함량이 64.4%, 조단백질 함량이 17.2%, 조지방 함량이 16.2%, 조회분 함량이 1.4%이었고, pH 및 휘발성염기질소 함량은 각각 6.73 및 7.8 mg/100 g이었으며, fillet 처리 근육을 기준으로 한 수율은 7.4%이었다. 연어 가슴지느러미 부근 근육의 TCA 가용성 질소 함량은 479 mg/100 g으로, fillet 근육의 612 mg/100 g에 비하여 낮았고, 명도, 적색도, 황색도 및 색차는 각각 54.86, 22.08, 22.41 및 52.35로, fillet 근육에 비하여 차이가 없었다. 연어 가슴지느러미 부근 근육의 아미노산 총 함량은 17.1 g/100 g이었고, 주요 아미노산은 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine 및 lysine 등이었으며, 주요 구성 지방산은 16:0, 18:1n-9 및 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3 및 22:6n-3 등으로, fillet 근육의 그것과 차이가 없었다. 연어 가슴지느러미 근육의 칼슘과 인의 함량은 각각 19.1 mg/100g 및 211.7 mg/100 g이었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 연어 가슴지느러미 부근 근육은 수산가공품 재자원으로 이용 가능하리라 판단되었다.