• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1986

These studies were carried out to obtain the basic information about transformation of ginseng plant by potential vector system, utilization of opine compound by Agrobacterium sap. , and initiation of crown gall tumor callus. Crown gall tumors were induced from stem of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer by infection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Therefore, it was clarified that transformation of ginseng by Ti plasmid was possible. The crown gall tumors induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens isolated. from the soil were different in a shape, size, and growth rate. Especially, infection of ginseng by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Y104 led to the amorphic tumor, Tumor tissue derived from stem crown gall could not be continuously cultured on the medium which did not contain phytohormone, and did not form the callus even on the medium supplemented with 2,4-D. On the other hand, the root crown gall tumors formed the calli but the formation rate of callus was quite low. As for the utilization of octopine and nopaline, it was found that 3 strains of Agrobacterium app., Y104, Y110 and C58, utilized nopaline only, Y109 utilized octopine, and Y101 failed to utilize either compound.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1999

Morphological characteristic during formation of tobacco crown gall tumor and genetic tumor, and their differential response to growth regulator were investigated in in vitro culture. Crown gall tumor was induced from tumor tissue transformed by infecting Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. Genetic tumor was induced from tumor tissue which was induced spontaneously from reciprocal interspecific hybrids between Nicotiana glauca (2n=24) and Nicotiana langsdorffii (2n=18). Morphological characteristic of crown gall tumor, genetic tumor, and teratoma shoot was very similar, and they were actively proliferated on hormone-free medium. Typical tumor callus and teratoma shoot formed from crown gall tumor on the hormone-free medium. On the contrary, tumor callus derived from genetic tumor formed as a crown gall tumor callus on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D, and lots of teratoma shoots without any root formed on the hormone-free medium. Root development from the teratoma shoots was hardly obtained on the medium with IAA, GA and active carbon. However, teratoma shoots with roots, as normal shoots, were initiated occasionally on the hormone-free medium. These shoots also formed new genetic tumor on the stem, which leaves formed lots of teratoma shoot on the hormone-free medium in in vitro culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.176-176
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• 1998

This study was carried out to obtain the information for growth characteristics of crown gall tumor and hairy root transformed by Agrobacterium spp,. on the media with phytohormones, casein hydrolysate and activated charoal. Crown gall tumors and hairly roots were formed respectively on potato tuber discs infected by tumerfaciens A ch 5 and A.rhizogenes ATCC15834. These tumors and roots could be grown on the phytohormone free media. PCR analysis of Rol C and Vir C gene fragments confirmed that crown gall root was prompted on the medium containing 2,4-D 2mg/l with casein hydrolysate lg/l. The survival ration of crown gall tumor callus derived from potato increased on medium containing the activated charcoal 0.5∼0.2mg/l because of the prevention, on the other hand, hairly roots were necrosis on the same medium. Callus derived from hairly root were excellently grown for a short time by suspension culture on liquid medium containing 2.4-d 2mg/L and casein hydrolysate lg/l.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1998

This study was carried out to obtain the information for growth characteristics of crown gall tumor and hairy root transformed by Agrobacterium spp,. on the media with phytohormones, casein hydrolysate and activated charoal. Crown gall tumors and hairly roots were formed respectively on potato tuber discs infected by tumerfaciens A ch 5 and A.rhizogenes ATCC15834. These tumors and roots could be grown on the phytohormone free media. PCR analysis of Rol C and Vir C gene fragments confirmed that crown gall root was prompted on the medium containing 2,4-D 2mg/l with casein hydrolysate lg/l. The survival ration of crown gall tumor callus derived from potato increased on medium containing the activated charcoal 0.5∼0.2mg/l because of the prevention, on the other hand, hairly roots were necrosis on the same medium. Callus derived from hairly root were excellently grown for a short time by suspension culture on liquid medium containing 2.4-d 2mg/L and casein hydrolysate lg/l.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2023

Rose crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a major disease that damages the production of cutroses in Korea. The effective prevention methods for this disease include the use of resistant varieties. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 58 Korean cultivars and six foreign cultivars to crown gall disease with nodal explants in vitro. Among 180 A. tumefaciens strains, pathogenic strain RC12 was selected as an inoculant strain. The strain RC12 was identified based on characteristics of some selective media, pathogenicity test, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Forty rose cultivars formed tumors on explants inoculated with A. tumefaciens RC12. However, 24 cultivars, including 22 Korean cultivars and 2 foreign cultivars, showed resistance to A. tumefaciens RC12 without forming any tumors. Six cultivars with tumor formation rates of over 30% formed initial tumors within 23 days after inoculation. Six cultivars with low tumor formation rates of around 5% formed initial tumors after 28 days of inoculation. It was found that gall formation rate was highly correlated with the initial gall formation period. Thus, the relationship between the period of gall formation and the rate of gall formation could be useful for assessing resistance to crown gall disease. In vitro inoculation methods could be used to evaluate resistance of cut-rose cultivars to crown gall diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 1987

Grown-gall tumor was induced from the infection of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and the tumor calli were formed on the phytohormone free MS medium. The calli were friable and rough in appearance. Calli obtained from crown gall tumor were similar to and indistinguishable from each other. The tumor callus was quite different from normal callus. Tumor callus grew rapidly, whereas mal callus appeared late. The growth of tumor callus was better in the dark than in the light. In suspension culture, the fresh weight of tumor callus was twice as much in comparison with normal callus.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-10
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• 1966

The relationships between tumor score and peroxidase activities of tomato stems infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A6Kl, B6, T372 11BNV6, 11BV7 and wounded stem as a control were examined in relation to crown gall tumor development on purpose to study the lignification of tumor tissue which is affected to the development of crown gall tumor. As the previous paper has been mentioned the fact that the induction of tumor tissues were inhibited or limited in the lignified stem of host plant. It was presumed that the activities of peroxidase related to the development of lignification were decreased during the period of tumor development. But the experimental result in this experiment shows that the peroxidase activities of crown gall tumor-tissues infected with the A. tumefaciens strains which are already known as virulent are increasing during four weeks, however, in the strain 11BNV6 and wound the peroxidase activities are decreasing on the second week after the inoculation of the bacteria strains. These results could be explained on the basis of that possible regulatory agents of lignification which were accumulated in tumor tissues, IAA, ascorbic acid, glutathion(GSH) and caffeic acid esters, were postulated to act as antioxidants which has been suggested by Stafford. Total nitrogen contents in relation to crown gall tumor development were determined for the detection of protein synthesis related to the enzyme activities which are increasing in the time of plant growth. Generally six groups are contained the largest amount of nitrogen on the second week after the inoculation of the bacterium. Comparing to the tumor score, it is presumed that the all of enzyme activities including peroxidase in tumor tissues are increasing from the second week through the third week after the inoculation of bacterium and the protein synthesis is stimulated under the most appropriated temperature during the above periods.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.235-238
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• 2003

The resistance to crown gall in grape rootstocks was evaluated by inoculating cuttings from 27 grape rootstock varieties with Agrobacterium vitis strain Cheonan 493. Thmors were formed in all varieties of grape rootstocks tested in this study. The symptoms were observed in the stems of all plants tested including '196-17' and '41B'. Based on the measurement of tumor weight on the stems of grape rootstocks, '779P' was found to be higbly susceptible to crown gall. While some varieties such as 'Gloire', '140R', '101-14M', '3309C', and '333EM' were found to be relatively resistance to crown gall. Varieties such as '99R', '1447P', 'Rupestris du lot', 'll0R', 'Freedom', and '41B' were also found to be susceptibl~ to crown gall. Other~ varieties including 'l103P', 'Teleki. 5C', '420A', 'Golia', and '5BB' were found to be moderately susceptible.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1984

The soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that cause3 crown gall tumors by infecting the wounded dicotyledonous plants and subsequent integration of bacterial DNA into plant nuclear DNA. Virulent A. tumefaciens strains harbor a large Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid that carries genes essential for tumorigenesis. In the present study, 13 strains (Malus pumila Mill; $A_{1-3}$, Populus monilifera; $W_{1-6}$, Populus tomentiglandlosa; $P_{1-3}$ and Rosa species; $R_1$) of Agrobacterium isolated in korean crown gall tumors and plasmids were observed in 6 strains ($W_2$, $W_3$, $W_6$, $P_1$, $P_3$ and $A_2$). The test for crown gall tumor formation was resulted only in ATCC15955 and $KW_2$ strains inoculated into the stem of sun flower and the development was observed for 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation. Above two Ti plasmids (pTi) were purified by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation and digested with restriction enzyme and fragments of pTiATCC 15955 and $pTiKW_2$ observed by EcoR I ; 25&27, Hind III; 23&21, BamH I ; each 20 and Hpa I ; 12&27, and sizes of pTiATCC15955 and and $pTiKW_2$ calculated as 200 and 87 kbases. Octopine was isolated from tumor tissue ($W_{1-6}$ and $P_{1-3}$) and these strains confirmed as octopine type.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

Crown gall on rose was observed in greenhouse during year 2003-2005. The disease incidence was up to 28.3% and the disease was the severer in hydrophonics culture than that in soil. The typical gall symptom occurred mainly on the root and crown resulting in poor foliage, stunting, and fewer blossoms. Sixty-three rose cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium. tumefaciens isolated from rose crown gall, to evaluate rose cultivar-specific resistance. The size of galls from inoculated rose stems was measured in a greenhouse test. Tumors formed in almost varieties of rose inoculated. Based on the frequency of tumor occurrence and weight of galls formed on the stem of rose, it was shown that 'Little Marble', 'Golden Gate' and 'Rosa Rox-ette' were extremely susceptible to crown gall. Some varieties such as 'Little Silver' appeared to be resistant to the crown gall.