• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2021

Background: Conscious sedation is a useful adjunct in the treatment of patients in dentistry; however, a lack of knowledge among the dental profession regarding sedation is a restricting factor in the practice of dental sedation. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of sedation in dentistry among dental professionals in Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted for five months targeting all practicing dental professionals in Tanzania. A modified questionnaire contained 14 questions regarding knowledge about sedative agents and a section on the practice of sedation. The data obtained from this study were coded and entered into a computer program and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. The data are presented as frequencies and percentages in tables and charts. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The age range of participants was between 24 and 63 years (mean 36.6 ± 7.7 years). There were 107 men (78.1%), and the male-to-female ratio was 3.6:1. The majority (76.6%) of participants only had an undergraduate dental degree. Thirty-one percent of participants only worked in publicly owned health facilities. Slightly more than half (59.9%) of participants had satisfactory knowledge regarding sedation in dentistry. There was no statistically significant association between the level of sedation-related knowledge and the demographic characteristics of the participants. Only 21.9% reported using sedation in their practice, and the most commonly used sedative drug was diazepam. The reasons for not using dental sedation in clinical practice included a perceived lack of knowledge on sedation, lack of equipment, and cost. Conclusion: Most dental professionals in Tanzania have basic knowledge of sedation in dentistry, although knowledge regarding sedative agents is generally low. The practice of sedation in dentistry in Tanzania is very low compared to that in middle- and high-income countries. Inadequate knowledge, lack of equipment, and the cost of practicing sedation are the main reasons for not practicing sedation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.192-204
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the association between dietary behaviors and perceived health status among Korean adolescents from multicultural families. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2,459 Korean adolescents from multicultural families (aged 13 ~ 18 years) who participated in the 2017 ~ 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Information on the sociodemographic variables, dietary behaviors, and lifestyle variables was self-reported using a web-based questionnaire. The dietary behaviors analyzed in this study were the breakfast and food intake frequencies, including fruit, vegetable, milk, fast food, carbonated drink, sweet drink, and high caffeine/energy drinks. The adolescents' health perception was self-rated as healthy, average, or unhealthy. The dietary behaviors associated with health perception were examined using a multiple logistic regression after adjusting for the confounding variables. Results: In this study population, 7.6% of adolescents perceived their health status as unhealthy, and 25.4% perceived it as average. The adolescents who were girls, middle school students, and in households with a low economic status showed significantly higher percentages of poor health perception (P-values < 0.001). Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with a negative health perception. Compared to the adolescents who consumed fruits every day, those who did not consume fruits during the previous week showed a higher odd ratio (OR) for a negative health perception [OR = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-3.97]. The adolescents who frequently consumed carbonated drinks (≥ 5 times/week) perceived their health status as unhealthy relative to those who did not consume carbonated drinks (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.25-3.71). Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with an increased OR for a negative health perception in girls but not in boys. Compared to adolescents with a normal weight, those with overweight/obesity (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.21-2.52) and underweight (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.25-3.82) showed higher ORs for negative health perception. Positive associations of overweight/obesity and underweight with negative health perception were observed in boys but not in girls. Conclusions: Dietary behaviors and weight status were associated with the health perception in Korean adolescents from multicultural families. These findings suggest that nutrition interventions on breakfast intake and healthy food choices for this population might effectively improve their weight and perceived health status.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Background: A high incidence (40-73%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reported following orthognathic surgery, and various risk factors have been associated with it. Identifying PONV risk factors based on initial onset time will help establish preventive measures. This study aimed to identify factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This study included 590 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that are significantly related to PONV. The objective variables were classified into three categories: no PONV, early PONV (initial onset time: 0-2 h after anesthesia), and late PONV (initial onset time: 2-24 h after anesthesia). The explanatory variables included relevant risk factors for PONV, as considered in previous studies. Results: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol was a significant depressant factor for early PONV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.209-0.555) and late PONV (aOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.352-0.814). The administration of a combination of intraoperative antiemetics (vs. no administration) significantly reduced the risk of early PONV (aOR = 0.464, 95% CI = 0.230-0.961). Female sex and young age were significant risk factors for late PONV (aOR = 1.492, 95% CI = 1.170-1.925 and unit aOR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.010-1.057, respectively). Conclusion: We identified factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol significantly reduced the risk of PONV not only in the early period (0-2 h after anesthesia) but also in the late period (2-24 h after anesthesia).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2023

Background: There are no clear guidelines to determine whether to perform D1 or D1+ lymph node dissection in early gastric cancer (EGC). This study aimed to develop a nomogram for estimating the risk of extraperigastric lymph node metastasis (LNM). Materials and Methods: Between 2009 and 2019, a total of 4,482 patients with pathologically confirmed T1 disease at 6 affiliated hospitals were included in this study. The basic clinicopathological characteristics of the positive and negative extraperigastric LNM groups were compared. The possible risk factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Based on these results, a risk prediction model was developed. A nomogram predicting extraperigastric LNM was used for internal validation. Results: Multivariate analyses showed that tumor size (cut-off value 3.0 cm, odds ratio [OR]=1.886, P=0.030), tumor depth (OR=1.853 for tumors with sm2 and sm3 invasion, P=0.010), cross-sectional location (OR=0.490 for tumors located on the greater curvature, P=0.0303), differentiation (OR=0.584 for differentiated tumors, P=0.0070), and lymphovascular invasion (OR=11.125, P<0.001) are possible risk factors for extraperigastric LNM. An equation for estimating the risk of extraperigastric LNM was derived from these risk factors. The equation was internally validated by comparing the actual metastatic rate with the predicted rate, which showed good agreement. Conclusions: A nomogram for estimating the risk of extraperigastric LNM in EGC was successfully developed. Although there are some limitations to applying this model because it was developed based on pathological data, it can be optimally adapted for patients who require curative gastrectomy after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.302-316
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• 2023

Objectives: The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics. Methods: Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type. Results: Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019. Conclusions: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess the distribution of Sasang constitution(SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in metropolitan region from October 2005 to October 2006 by Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Clssification II(QSCCII). We investigated general characteristics, stroke type, blood test results, alcohol drinking, smoking and dietary preferences according to SC. Results : 236 subjects were included into the final analysis. 1. This study showed that the proportion of So-yang was highest of all constitutions(45.3%). And the body weight, body mass index, the waist circumference(WC), the hip circumference(HC), and the WC/HC ratio recorded the significantly high result in Tae-eum. 2. In the TOAST classification, SVO was the major type occupying 81.7% in the total subjects. 3. In Tae-eum, total cholesterol, triglyceride and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose level were the highest and fasting glucose was significantly highest of all constitutions. Conclusion : From this study, we could roughly seize the distribution of Sasang constitution in acute stroke patients. For the further research, it seems to be necessary to construct fundamental databases for stroke by increasing the number of patients and by analyzing delicate characteristics of each constitution type.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2018

본 연구는 여성노인의 허약 상태에 대한 보행 변동성과 체력의 역할을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구 기관의 지역사회에 거주하는 65세 이상 여성노인 168명(나이 75.07±5.40)을 대상으로 인구사회학적 특성, 신체조성, 보행 변인 및 변동성, 체력, 인지기능, 우울상태를 측정하였다. 그리고 Fried et al.(2001)의 허약진단 지표(체중감소, 정서적 고갈, 신체활동, 보행속도, 악력)를 기준으로 정상, 전-허약, 허약으로 구분하였다. 허약 상태 예측을 위한 보행 변인 및 변동성 그리고 체력의 역할을 검정하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 나이, 교육수준, 보유한 질병 수, 일상생활수행능력 및 인지기능 점수와 우울점수를 통제 한 후 허약그룹은 정상그룹(OR=1)과 비교하였을 때, 두 다리 지지비율(OR=1.48, 95% CI=0.10-2.21, p=.049) 및 분당 보폭수(OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.20-3.43, p=.009)의 변동성이 통계적으로 높게 나타났으며, 상체근력(OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.31-0.77, p=.002)이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 허약의 예측인자로 나타난 두발 지지비율 및 분당 보폭수의 변동성 그리고 상체근력은 허약 상태를 예측하고 평가하는데 중요한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the workload of healthcare workers (HCWs), impacting their health. This study aimed to assess sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and identify factors associated with poor sleep among HCWs in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 frontline HCWs were recruited from various healthcare facilities in Vietnam between October 2021 and November 2021. Data were collected using a 3-part self-administered questionnaire, which covered demographics, sleep quality, and factors related to poor sleep. Poor sleep quality was defined as a total PSQI score of 5 or higher. Results: Participants' mean age was 33.20±6.81 years (range, 20.0-61.0), and 63.0% were women. The median work experience was 8.54±6.30 years. Approximately 6.3% had chronic comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. About 59.5% were directly responsible for patient care and treatment, while 7.1% worked in tracing and sampling. A total of 73.8% reported poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between poor sleep quality and the presence of chronic comorbidities (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 5.24), being a frontline HCW directly involved in patient care and treatment (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.16), increased working hours (OR, 1.84; 95% CI,1.37 to 2.48), and a higher frequency of encountering critically ill and dying patients (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.95). Conclusions: The high prevalence of poor sleep among HCWs in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to that in other countries. Working conditions should be adjusted to improve sleep quality among this population.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2018

본 연구는 국민건강 영양조사 자료를 활용하여 한국 성인의 안정시 심박수와 대장암 유병율의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 데이터는 국민건강 영양조사 2005년부터 2014년 자료를 통합하여 만 19세 이상 성인 총 10,564명을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 안정시 심박수가 가장 높은 그룹은 안정시 심박수가 가장 낮은 그룹에 비해 대장암 유병율이 2.27배 (95%CI: 1.34-3.85) ~ 3배 (95%CI: 1.30-6.92) 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 안정시 심박수가 10 회/분 (beat per minutes)씩 증가할수록 대장암 유병율은 1.27배 (95%CI; 1.03-1.58) 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 65세를 기준으로 연령과 성별을 층화하여 분석한 결과, 65세 이상에서 안정시 심박수가 가장 높은 그룹은 안정시 심박수가 가장 낮은 그룹에 비해 남자는 3.19배 (95%CI: 1.10-9.24) ~ 3.38배 (95%CI: 1.18-9.73), 여자는 2.90배 (95%CI: 1.13-7.42) ~ 5.59배 (95%CI: 1.20-25.99) 대장암 유병율이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 대장암 유병율 예측 인자로써 안정시 심박수의 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며 특히, 65세 이상의 연령이 65세 미만 연령에 비해 안정시 심박수가 대장암 유병율과 밀접한 관련성이 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2023

철근 콘크리트 구조물은 부식이 증가함에 따라 부식생성물로 인한 균열이 발생하고 하중저항 능력이 감소한다. 본 연구에서는 140시간 동안 촉진염해시험(ICM)을 적용하여 부식을 유도하였으며 부식 전후의 초음파속도 변화, 휨파괴 하중, 부식생성물량을 평가하였다. 피복두께를 3수준(20 mm, 30 mm. 40 mm)으로 고려하였는데, 피복두께가 증가할수록 균열발생시기 및 부식생성량이 증가하였다. 또한 초음파 속도는 피복두께의 감소 및 부식생성량의 증가에 따라 뚜렷한 선형관계를 가지고 감소하였다. 휨파괴 하중의 경우 부식에 따라 10 % 이상 휨하중이 감소하였으나, 명확한 상관성을 도출할 수 없었는데, 이는 부식률이 작으므로 철근단면적의 감소 영향보다 슬립에 의한 영향이 크기 때문이다. 피복두께가 증가함에 따라 부식생성량 및 초음파 속도는 뚜렷한 선형관계를 가지고 변화하였으며, 부식으로 인한 균열발생 시간은 평가된 전류의 기울기를 분석하여 추측할 수 있었다.