• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 1994

Fifty-one Thai Native (TN) and Anglo-Nubian (AN) $\times$ TN does were studied. The purpose of the study was to investigate the reproductive performances of different goat genotypes grazing improved pasture with or without supplementary feeding. The feeding regimes were: 1. no concentrate supplement (T1), 2. supplemented for 15 days before mating and 45 days during mating period (T2), 3. supplemented from 15 days before mating to 42 days after kidding (T3) and 4. supplemented for 30 days before kidding, followed by 42 days after kidding. Cross-bred does tended to have higher conception rates, kidding opportunities and higher multiple birth rates than TN does. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05), and concentrate supplementation under the various regimes did not increase reproductive performance. TN kids had significantly (p<0.01) lower birth weights and lower weights at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age than those of the cross-bred kids. However, there was no significant difference between the genotypes in growth rate (g/d or $g/kg^{75}/d$) of kids during these periods. Supplementary feeding did not significantly affect either kid birth weight or weight gain in the first 6 weeks after birth and during this period supplementary adequate in both quantity and quality, substantial reproductive performances were achieved from both TN and AN $\times$ TN does without concentrate supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.555-561
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• 1994

This paper presents results from a study of the body composition and sensory characteristics of female weaner goat meat. A completely randomized $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai native; TN, 75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian; AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN), feeding {grazing only, low (1.0% BW/d) and high (1.5% BW/d) concentrate supplementation and parasite control (undrenched and drenched)}. It was shown that there was no effect of genotype on body components and dressing percentage. However, TN and 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN kids had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle to bone ratios (4.20% and 4.20%, respectively) compared with 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN kids (3.88%). Kids on grazing only had significantly (p<0.01) higher muscle percentage (64.12%) than did kids in low (61.30%) and high (60.62%) supplementary feeding program, but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between low and high supplementary feeding groups. Kids offered supplementary feeding had significantly (p<0.01) higher percentages of total fat, intermuscular fat, pelvic fat and kidney fat than those of grazing only. Kids offered supplementary feeding had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle to bone ratios and significantly (p<0.01) higher muscle plus fat to bone ratios compared with those of grazing only. This may be due to significantly lower (p<0.01) bone contents (14.95, 14.17 and 16.8% for kids offered low and high supplementary feeding and grazing only, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensory characteristics of goat meat between genotypes or feeding groups.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

The behavioral phenotypes of out-bred ICR mice were compared with those of in-bred C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In particular, this study examined the locomotor activity and two forms of hippocampus-dependent learning paradigms, passive avoidance and object recognition memory. The basal open-field activity of the ICR strain was greater than that of the C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains. In the passive avoidance task, all the mice showed a significant increase in the cross-over latency when tested 24 hours after training. The strength of memory retention in the ICR mice was relatively weak and measurable, as indicated by the shorter cross-over latency than the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In the object recognition memory test, all strains had a significant preference for the novel object during testing. The index for the preference of a novel object was lower for the ICR and BALB/c mice. Nevertheless, the variance and the standard deviation in these strains were comparable. Overall, these results confirm the strain differences on locomotor activity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1991

Twenty five 75% Holstein Friesian cross bred bullocks fed rice straw (Oryza sativa) of long form, were fed with the following five treatments. 1. Rice straw, untreated (RS) 2. RS + water (1:1), stored for 24 hours (WRS) 3. RS (100 kg) + urea solution (4 kg urea/100 litre water) and dried (USRS) 4. RS (100 kg) + urea solution (as in 3) stored in wet condition for 24 hours (UWRS) 5. RS (100 kg) + urea solution (as in 3) stored in pit for 21 days (UTRS). Potential digestibility of treatments of RS was evaluated by monitoring (in vitro) Simulating Rumen like Fermentation (SRLF). The results indicated that Dry Matter Intake (DMI), digestibility of nutrients, N utilization were of the order UTRS > UWRS > USRS > WRS and RS (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). SRLF index was high (255.84) for UTRS and least (145.58) for USRS. It was intermediary (199.66) for UWRS. The acetyl content (AC) of UTRS with higher hemicellulose (HCE) digestibility (80.8%) was low compared to UWRS, USRS, RS and WRS. The acetate content was of the order UTRS < UWRS < USRS < WRS and RS thereby indicating that reduction in acetyl content was an index of positive response of urea-treatment of RS. In addition, the ratio of HCE/AC in faeces of UTRS was 0.87 as against the ratios (2.26-2.48) observed in other treatments recording reduction in AC due to urea-treatment. Among the treatments, USRS only supplemented N while UTRS in addition to utilization N, increased the digestibility of structural carbohydrates. Reduction in treatment time from 21 days to 1 day (UWRS) resulted in improvements similar to those of UTRS.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris is controlled by multi-allele system in a single genetic locus, the S locus, and it is elucidated that S-glycoproteins are S gene products. In this experiments, we examined the genetic mode(pollen tube behavior and segregation of S-glycoprotein), characteristic of S-glycoproteins and DNA constitution within nuclear genome on S gene family that unexplained by single locus model, and investigated the segregation pattern of S-glycoproteins in bred F1 generation. By diallel cross among the 15 plants within one family the existence of three types of homozygotes and three types of heterozygotes were observed, and segregation of S-allele could not explained by single locus model. From the results of IEF-immunoblot analysis for non-segregated individual plant, the segregation pattern of S specific bands was corresponded with results of diallel cross except with one case(SaSa genotype). The molecular weight of 6 different S-genotype varied in near by 50 kD, and each genotype expressed with 2 or 3 bands. Specific bands in SaSa, SbSb, ScSc has almost similar molecular weight between them. Southern analysis of genomic DNA probed with S-glycoprotein cDNA for 6 different genotypes revealed that there are clear difference in polymorphism, multiple bands of hybridization, when restriction enzymes of EcoR I were used. It could be assumed that there are several sequences related to the S-glycoprotein structural genes within their nuclear genome. Therefore, we suggested the possibilities that S-allele system could be controlled by multi-locus, that dominance-recessive interactions could be explained by modifier gene or supressor gene based on the results of abnormal segregation of S-glycoprotein in bred F1. The F2 analyses are progressing in now.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The experiment were protein and metabolizable energy level in performance and carcass rate in cross bred chicks. One day old, 720 male and female cross bred chick were used for the experiments, and 20 chicks were placed at each pen. The energy level of feed was maintained about 2,950, 3,000, 3,050 kcal/kg, and protein content was adjusted about 19, 20, 21% from 0 to 5 weeks and energy level was maintained about 3,100, 3,150, 3,200 kcal/kg, and protein content was adjusted about 17, 18, 19% from the 6 to 10 weeks old of the experiment. At the whole time, ME 3,100 (2,950), 3,150 (3,000) and 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treatment groups was not significant difference in weight gain, feed intake, but 3,150 (3,000), 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treated groups revealed to show improved feed conversion rate than the group treated with ME 3,100 (2,950) kcal (P<0.05). And CP 17 (19), 18 (20), 19 (21)% treatment groups did not significant difference weight gain and feed intake but CP 19 (21)% treated group wan significant difference feed conversion rate than the CP 17 (19)% treated group (P<0.05). ME level of 3,100 (2,950), 3,150 (3,000), 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treatment groups in carcass rate and abdominal fat rate was not signficant difference and protein of 17 (19), 18 (20), 19 (21)% treatment groups after end of experiment. Between ME and CP of dietary was significant appeared to interact at 6~10 weeks (P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.399-405
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• 2009

Two experiments were conducted to establish the basic data of feeding system in cross-bred Korean native chicks. A total of seven hundred twenty chicks were replaced the 36 floor pen for the first five weeks with $3{\times}3$ factorial design in Experiment 1. Four hundred eighty of five weeks old chicks were raised from six to ten weeks of age with $3{\times}2$ factorial design in Experiment 2. Dietary ME and CP were formulated to contain 3,000, 3,050, 3,100 kcal/kg and 21, 22, 23%, respectively in Experiment 1 and 3,050, 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg and 18, 19% in Experiment 2. Weight gain, feed intake were measured and calculated the feed conversion. Blood were collected and analyzed at the end of experiments. In Experiment 1, weight gain showed significantly higher in 3,050, 3,100 kcal/kg treatments than 3,000 kcal/kg treatment (P<0.05), but was not different in CP treatments. Feed intake was statistically high in 3,000 kcal/kg treatment compared with 3,050 and 3,100 kcal/kg ones (P<0.05), and more increased in 21% CP treatments compared to that of 22 and 23 CP treatment (P<0.05). Feed conversion of birds fed 3,050 and 3,100 kcal/kg diet showed much lower than 3,000 kcal/kg treatments (P<0.05). FCR was signicantly improved (P<0.05) in chicks fed diets containing 21 and 22% CP as compared to that fed 20% CP. Blood protein, glucose, and total cholesterol tended to increase in high energy and diet treatments. Blood HDL was increased as dietary energy increased, whereas LDL increased in low CP treatments. In Experiment 2, weight gain was not consistent between treatments, but more increased in 18% CP treatments compared to that of 19% CP treatment from six to ten weeks old in cross bred chicks (P<0.05). Feed intake was similar to the result of weight gain, but more increased in 19% CP treatment than 18% CP treatment (P<0.05). There were no statistically difference in FCR, but seemed to improve as dietary ME increased. Blood total protein and glucose increased as dietary CP was high, but triglyceride and HDL increased in high versus low ME (P<0.05). The results of these experiments suggested that optimum dietary ME and CP, were 3,050, 3,150kcal/kg and 22, 19% for the first five weeks and second one, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of individual management and group management of Jeju cross-bred horses on the physiological characteristics, productivity, and characteristics of the loin muscle of the horse meat. Sixteen herds of Jeju cross-bred horses older than 44 months were selected as experimental subjects. The experiment was conducted by dividing the herds into eight herds for individual management and another eight herds for group management. Herds were fed with concentrated feed of 2.5% of the body weight for four times a day and roughage and water were fed ad libitum. In the 12th week, the intestinal pH was statistically significantly lower with group management than with individual management (p<0.05). However, no symptoms of colic were observed. With regard to the general composition of the loin muscle, fat content was a statistically significant difference between the 7.83% with individual management and 5.65% with group management (p<0.05), indicating that individual management is more effective than group management in terms of fattening. In conclusion, feeding a concentrated feed at a level of 2.5% of body weight with individual management during fattening of Jeju cross-bred horses could be utilized as a fattening method.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

By treatment(dropping) of 0.1~0.4% colchicine solution on the sprouts of winter buds of hard wood cutting slips for 4~5 days, two lines of artificial autotetraploids from Yongchonppong and one line from Yeongbyonppong were bred and the important cultivative characteristics of those new lines were as follows. The greentip sprouting stage of the new bred lines in spring season is later than the parental varieties by two days, but growth speed of the new lines after sprouting was faster than that of the parental varieties reaching the same level development with the parental varieties at the fifth leaf sprouting stage to be mid varieties same as the origins. The leaf shape of the new bred lines was wide round and the petioloes were long and thick. The thickness of leaf was thicker than the parental varieties by 17-33% and single leaf weight was heavy. The leaf area weight increased by 21-31% and the content of chlorophyll was also higher by 11-33%. With all the characteristics, the new breds produced good quality of leaves. The length and number of branches were shorter and less, respectively, than the parental varieties, but the internode length was either same or longer than the parents. Looking at the characteristics, the constitution of shoots was slightly inferior to the parental varieties. The cold hardness expressed by the death top rate of Sawonppong 23 and Sawonppong 24 was same level as that of Yongchonppong, but Sawonppong 25 was stronger than Yeongbyonppong in it with a high infection rate of dwarf disease. The productivity was lower than the parental varieties, but young shoot rate to shoot and branch and the ratio of leaf to young shoot were higher than the parental varieties. The fertility of Sawonppong 23 and Sawonppong 24 was comparatively high with 62% of cross success, but that of Sawonppong 25 was low with 23.9% of cross success.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 1997

Highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) was found between body weight and chest circumference of the local Katjang and cross-bred (local Katjang ♀ ${\times}$ German Fawn ♂ bucks under study. Increase in body length, chest circumference, depth of chest and height at withers (p < 0.001) reflected significantly the increase in body weight of the bucks. At the same age the cross-breds were bigger than the indigenous breed. No significant correlation was detected between body weight and scrotal circumference, or the latter with sperm counts in both buck types under study. However, the fluid portion of the semen increased in acidity and volume, the latter being significant (P < 0.01) in the local Katjangs, with increase in scrotal circumference. Although the effects of body condition on buck libido of both groups were not significant, the reaction time taken to mount the teaser females were significantly diminished (p < 0.001) with better body condition, at least in the local Katjangs. The reaction time gad an inverse, though not necessarily significant, relationship with semen characteristics such as volume, pH (in local Katjangs, p < 0.05), concentration, color (in cross-breds, p < 0.05), agglutination and mass movements in both phenotypes.