• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.443-452
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• 2001

The 2x3 cross-over design is proposed for the bioequivalence of two test drug formulations with a reference drug formulation. Oh et al.(1999) and Park et al.(1998) derived 3x2 cross-over design and discussed its benefits, since the 3x3 cross-over design may not be of practical design. We discuss the statistical issues for2x3 cross-over design and show its statistical properties. Bioequivalence problem in 2x3 cross-over design is considered statistically and an illustrated example is given.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.399-406
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• 1996

The orientational cross-over phenomena in an RF sputtering growth of TiN films were studied in an in-situ, real-time synchrotron x-ray scattering experiment. For the films grown with pure Ar sputtering gas, the cross-over from the more strained (002)-oriented grains to the less strained (111)-oriented grains occurred as the film thickness was increased. As the sputtering power was increased, the cross-over thickness, at which the growth orientation changes from the <002> to the <111> direction, was decreased. The addition of $N_2$ besides Ar as sputtering gas suppressed the cross-over, and consequently resulted in the (002) preferred orientation without exhibiting the cross-over. We attribute the observed cross-over phenomena to the competition between the surface and the strain energy. The x-ray powder diffraction, the x-ray reflectivity, and the ex-situ AFM surface topology study consistently suggest that the microscopic growth front was in fact always the (002) planes. In the initial stage of growth, the (002) planes were aligned to the substrate surface to minimize the surface energy. At later stages, however, the (002) growth front tilted away from the surface by about $60^{\circ}$ to relax the strain, which caused the cross-over of the preferred growth direction to the <111> direction.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2008

Many cross-over errors due to position errors, meter errors, observation errors, sea conditions and so on occur when marine geophysical data collected by own and other agencies are merged, and these errors can create artificial anomalies which cause an improper interpretation. Many methods have been introduced to reduce cross-over errors. However, most methods are designed to compare each point or segment data to find cross-over points, and require a long processing time. Therefore, FORTRAN program (FastXcorr) is presented to fast determine cross-over points using an overlap-sector, and to adjust cross-over errors using a weighted linear interpolation algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.153-160
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the mutual influences between adolescents' multicultural acceptability and school adjustment. Research problems for research are as follows. First, is multicultural acceptability and school adjustment stable over time? Second, what is the longitudinal impact of school adjustment on multicultural acceptability over time? Third, what is the longitudinal impact of multicultural acceptability on school adjustment over time? The results of analyzing the research problems by applying the autoregressive cross-lagged model are as follows. First, the autoregressive model of school adjustment has a significant effect on the future time point and is stable over time. Second, the autoregressive model of multicultural acceptability have a significant effect on the future time point and is stable over time. Third, cross-lagged effect from school adjustment to multicultural acceptability has a statistically significant effect on the multicultural acceptability at a later time, and is stable over time. Fourth, cross-lagged effect from multicultural acceptability to school adjustment was not statistically significant at the time of multicultural acceptability, and there was no change with time. This study is meaningful to provide the theoretical and practical implications by verifying the influence of the three - year term data over time.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.39-42
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• 2002

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.991-998
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• 1989

This investigation was carried out for the purpose of studying the turbulent flow and mixing characteristics after collision of two jets depending upon the cross angle variations. For effectuating this experimental study, a subsonic wind tunnel and a constant temperature type two channel hot-wire anemometer system have been utilized. The jets issuing from two nozzles have same Reynolds numbers and their cross angle was variable. After collision of two jets, the cross section of the mixing flow, mean and fluctuating velocities and Reynolds stresses have been measured, and analyzed comparing them with semi-empirical equations. It was found that the nondirectional contour of the cross section agreed well with an elliptic formula and the mean velocities along the centerline had a good similarity independent of cross angle variations. The distributions of U over bar-components measured in the Y direction have a good similarity and agree well with semi-empirical equations of Hinze and Gortler. The Reynolds stresses of u'v' over bar on the Y axis show a similar distributions and their agreement with the theoretical curve is remarkable but those of u'w' over bar measured along the Z axis are randomly scattered.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2018

Since 2009, consumers could access a new shopping channel called 'mobile shopping' with the generalization of smartphones. Mobile shopping (based on wireless communication technology), emphasizes convenience differentiated from internet shopping. A recent report introduced fashion products as powerful global drivers for mobile shopping sales. Korea and China have the highest percentage of consumer mobile shopping experiences compared to other countries. This study investigates the effects of cross-over shopping orientation, perception of app attributes, and flow on app loyalty that compared Korean and Chinese consumers. We obtained 652 usable questionnaires from two local college students; subsequently, data were analyzed by using factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 Package. The study results showed that the cross-over shopping orientation affected perception of app attributes that included Review/Information, Design, Response and Product. Product only affected Flow, which reflected a high similarity between Korean and Chinese consumers. However, Korean and Chinese consumers showed remarkable differences in the factors related to app loyalty. Therefore, the results indicate that retailers of fashion products have developed strategies to improve mobile sales and increase the app loyalty of cross-over shopping orientation consumers.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.781-791
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• 2012

A $2{\times}2$ Cross-over design is widely used in clinical trials for comparison studies of two kinds of drugs or medical treatments. This design has many statistical methods such as Hills-Armitage's (1979) method or Koch's (1972) method. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric test for $2{\times}2$ Cross-over design based on a two-sample test suggested by Baumgartner et al. (1998). In addition, a Monte Carlo simulation study is adapted to compare the power of the proposed methods with those of previous methods.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

In this paper, we present a cross-layer analysis of wireless TCP systems over correlated channels. The effects of error correlation on the behavior of link retransmission strategy and the end-to-end throughput of TCP layer are investigated. Based on the cross-layer analysis, an efficient refinement of link layer protocol is proposed by consciously utilizing the information of channel correlations, which leads to the performance improvement of wireless TCP systems.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.3 s.178
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

Cross-over errors (XOEs) may mislead scientists when interpreting marine geophysical data. Such risk can be reduced by correcting the data proportionally between two cross-over points (XOPs). C program is presented to determine XOPs using a quick rejection test and a straddle test, and to adjust XOEs using a weighted linear interpolation algorithm.