• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.324-340
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• 2010

Video streaming service over wireless networks is a challenging task because of the changes in the wireless channel conditions that can occur due to interference, fading, and station mobility. To provide an efficient wireless video streaming service, the rate adaptation scheme should improve wireless node performance and channel utilization. Moreover, the quality adaptation scheme should be considered at the streaming application. To meet these requirements, we propose a new cross-layer design for video streaming over wireless networks. This design includes the rate and quality adaptation schemes. The rate adaptation scheme selects the optimal transmission mode and resolves the performance anomaly problem. Based on performance improvement by the proposed rate adaptation scheme, our quality adaptation scheme improves the quality of video streaming. Through performance evaluations, we prove that our cross-layer design improves the wireless channel utilization and the quality of video streaming.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2016

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura . Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-149
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• 2016

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self-and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura. Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제28권
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

Ever since they were first produced, more than four hundred years ago, Shakespeare's plays have been reproduced and adapted into countless film and TV productions, into ballets and operas and theatre performances across the globe. The present paper, within a broad conceptual framework, aims to investigate the cross cultural dimension of adaptation of a stage play, written for the Renaissance England, into a $21^{st}$centuryIndianfeaturefilm. The paper uses Omkara, an adaptation of Othello by Vishal Bharadwaj, as a case study to: (i.) Explore the use of the idiomatic language of cinema in such an adaptation. (ii.) Posit a re-reading of Shakespeare with the help of local/native signifiers.

• 대기
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) introduced the Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) to support the developing countries in order to help to make adaptation policy and strategy to climate change. This study provides the summary of the APF and will help for preparing policy regarding the impact of climate change and its adaptation. APF consists of five basic and two cross-cutting steps. Five basic steps are made of (a) defining project scope and design, (b) assessing current vulnerability and adaptation, (c) assessing future climate-related risks, (d) developing an adaptation strategy, and (e) continuing the adaptation process. Cross-cutting steps consist of engaging stakeholder and enhancing adaptive capacity. The project scope and design process includes four major tasks: scope the project and define its objectives, establish the project team, review and synthesize existing information on vulnerability and adaptation, and design the APF project. The main purpose of assessing current vulnerability and adaptation is to understand the characteristics of current climate-related vulnerability in priority systems and the scope of adaptive responses. Future climate-related risks are assessed in order to characterize future climate-related risks, so that adaptation policies and measures can be designed to reduce the system's exposure to future climate hazard. In developing an adaptation strategy, all of the preceding APF-related work is synthesized into a well-considered strategy that can direct real adaptation action. Continuing the adaptation process is in order to implement and sustain the APF-strategy, polices, and measure. The purpose of involvement of stakeholders is to communicate between individuals and groups about projects. Finally, enhancing adaptive capacity provides guidance on how adaptive capacity can be assessed and enhanced.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-58
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• 2009

무선랜 환경에서 효율적인 비디오 스트리밍 서비스를 제공하기 위해서, 네트워크 하위 계층은 무선 채널의 상태 변화에 적응적으로 전송모드를 조절할 수 있어야 하며, 상위 계층의 비디오 스트리밍 응용은 선택된 전송모드에 따라 적절히 서비스되는 비디오 스트림의 품질을 조절할 수 있어야 한다. 상대적으로 높은 대역폭을 요구하는 비디오 스트리밍 응용을 위해서 본 논문에서는 새로운 전송률 적응기법을 포함하는 크로스레이어 디자인을 제안한다. 제안하는 새로운 전송률 적응기법은 연속적인 프레임 전송을 통해 무선 채널의 대역폭을 보다 효율적으로 사용하며, 전송모드별 Goodput 계산을 통해 최적의 성능을 보이는 전송모드를 선택하게 된다. 선택된 전송모드를 기반으로 무선 채널의 한계 대역폭을 계산하며, 이를 상위 계층의 비디오 스트리밍 응용에 알려줌으로써 전송되는 비디오 스트림의 품질을 조절하게 된다. 즉, 네트워크 하위 계층과 상위 계층과의 연동을 통해 무선랜 환경에서 보다 효율적인 비디오 스트리밍 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 된다. 시뮬레이션을 이용한 성능 검증을 통해 제안하는 새로운 전송률 적응기법의 성능 향상을 검증하였으며 크로스레이어 디자인을 통해 비디오 스트리밍 서비스의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 L. fermentum KLB12을 열 전처리 함으로서 제제화 과정 동안 거치게 되는 열 스트레스에 대한 내성이 증진됨을 확인하고, 최적의 열 전처리 조건을 수행하였다. 또한 열 전처리 뿐만 아니라, 저온과 열 전처리 조건에도 열 스트레스에 대한 간섭 효과를 확인하였다. 그리고 내성 증진에 신규 단백질 합성이 필요함을 확인하였으며 나아가, 2-D electrophoresis를 통하여 7개의 신규 단백질을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 균주를 제제화하기 위한 방법으로 열 전처리를 이용할 경우 생균력 유지에 큰 효과를 얻을 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to explore the experience of cross-cultural communication adaptation between local and expatriate employees at PT. XX Organizational culture in the company is the most important factor to helpemployees in the company to work efficiently and effectively in order to achieve company goals. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis methods used in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing a conclusion. From this collaboration, the cultural adaptations arouse due to the challenges for workers who have to work together with different cultural backgrounds. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection methods used is employee interviews at PT. XX with triangulation conducted on 2 expatriates and 2 local employees. Results: Studies show that successful management is highly dependent on employees adapting to local culture and work situations. This process rarely runs smoothly because the persons in intercultural interaction do not use the same language and the lack of adaptation.. Conclusions: . In order to maintain its existence, the company strives to expand its wings in the global market and establish partnerships to expand cooperation. PT. XX from South Korea cooperated with Krakatau Steel, a state-owned Indonesian company

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.242-253
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess immigrant women's needs for pregnancy and postpartum adaptation and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Methods: To construct scale items, critical issues and difficulties associated with pregnancy and postpartum adaptation of immigrant women were identified and categorized through a literature review. Fifty-two scale items were constructed, and data for validity and reliability testing was collected with a questionnaire survey from 367 immigrant women. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and reliability coefficients. Results: The final measurement scale to assess immigrant women's pregnancy and postpartum adaptation consisted of 48 items and 7 factors (adaptation to daily activity during pregnancy, cross-cultural understanding and personal respect, understanding of the process of pregnancy and delivery, baby rearing and family support, physical and emotional adaptation after childbirth, nutrition during pregnancy, and sexual life adaptation). The seven factors accounted for 64.26% of the variance, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .96. Conclusion: The scale developed by this study is a reliable and valid instrument and can be used to assess needs of pregnancy and postpartum adaptation and can be utilized in providing nursing interventions for immigrant women.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2266-2284
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• 2012

Recent studies have indicated that a significant improvement in wireless video throughput can be achieved by Cross Layer Design with Side-information (CLDS) protocols. In this paper, we derive the operational rate of a CLDS protocol operating over a realistic wireless channel. Then, a Rate-Distortion (R-D) empirical model for above-capacity Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is deduced to estimate the loss of video quality incurred under inaccurate rate estimation scenarios. Finally, we develop a novel Unequal Error Protection (UEP) scheme which leverages the characteristics of LDPC codes to reduce the distortion of video quality in case of typically-observed burst wireless errors. The efficacy of the proposed rate adaptation architecture over conventional protocols is demonstrated by realistic video simulations using actual IEEE 802.11b wireless traces.