• 식물병연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2020

2019년 Paratylenchus projectus에 의한 심각한 상추 피해를 국내 처음으로 보고하였다. 상추 시설재배지에서 P. projectus 밀도를 낮출 수 있는 고소득 윤작작물을 탐색하고자 십자화과(Brassicaceae)에서 6종; 갓(leaf mustard, Brassica juncea), 경수채(kyona, B. rapa subsp. nipposinica), 브로콜리(broccoli, B. oleracea var. italica), 청경채(bok choy, B. rapa subsp. chinensis), 케일(kale, B. oleracea var. viridis), 콜라비(kohlrabi, B. oleracea var. gongylodes), 국화과(Asteraceae)의 2종; 엔다이브(endive, Cichorium endivia), 치커리(chicory, C. intybus), 매꽃과(Convolvulaceae)의 1종인 공심채(morning glory, Ipomoea aquatica) 등 총 9종을 윤작시험에 사용하였다. 각 엽채류를 직경 10 cm 토화분에 심고 침선충 접종(3,000 P. projectus/100 ㎤ soil) 및 비접종으로 나누고 각 처리별 10반복으로 하여 온실에서 재배하고, 100일 후 식물의 생육, 초장, 무게, 엽수, 뿌리무게, soil plant analysis development, 선충 밀도를 조사하였다. P. projectus를 접종한 모든 작물은 무처리에 비하여 생육이 감소하였다. 지상부 무게를 기준으로 하여, 브로콜리와 갓이 56-66%로 가장 감수율이 컸고 치커리와 공심채의 수량 감수가 30-35%로 비교적 감수율이 적었다. 또한 선충의 증식률(Pf/Pi 비율)도 콜라비의 2.54에 비하여 엔다이브는 1.1, 치커리는 1.35, 공심채는 0.64로 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 이번 실험에 의하면, 상추 재배지의 윤작작물로는, 비록 충분하지는 않지만 효과적인 윤작작물을 찾기 전까지는, 다른 엽채류에 비하여 수량 감수가 비교적 적고, 선충의 증식률이 가장 낮은 공심채가 상추재배지의 윤작작물 대안일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2018

국내 논 작업의 기계화율은 약 90% 이상 되었지만, 밭 작업의 기계화율은 약 60%이며, 수확작업의 기계화율은 10%내외로 밭 작업의 기계화율의 제고가 필요한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 트랙터 부착 수확작업기 개발을 위한 기초연구로써 마늘, 양파 등 땅속작물수확기의 견인작업에 따른 트랙터 차축의 부하 신호를 측정하고 주행속도에 따른 차축 소요 동력을 분석하였다. 밭 작업용 트랙터 차축의 소요 동력을 측정하기 위하여 휠 센서와 데이터 수집 시스템을 설치하였으며, 두 개의 작업속도에서 견인작업을 수행하며 소요 동력을 계측하였다. 계측한 데이터는 일원 분산분석을 수행하여 트랙터 주행 속도가 차축 소요 동력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 소요 동력 분석 결과, 트랙터 부착 작업기의 작업속도가 증가할수록 트랙터의 소요 동력이 증가됨을 알 수 있었으며, 트랙터 동력전달시스템의 최적설계를 위해서는 다양한 수확작업에 따른 소요동력 분석이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.477-482
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• 1986

종자용 호밀의 탈곡시 정상 탈곡기회전속도의 기준을 설정하고자 출수후 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 일에 예취하고 예취하여 0, 1, 2, 3일간씩 포장에 깔아말린 다음 급동반경 18.6cm, 급치높이 6cm인 탈곡기로 각각 400 RPM에서 1000 RPM까지 100RPM간격으로 회전속도를 조절하며 탈곡하였으며 각 예취시기 및 탈곡직전에 종실의 수분함량을 조사하고 탈곡후 손상입률, 발아율 및 출현률을 조사하였다. 1. 호밀 종실의 수분함양은 출수후 40 일에 59.1％였고, 종실의 건물종이 최고에 달한 출수후 55일에는 36.3％였으며, 출수후 60일에는 20.1％ 로 떨어 졌다. 2. 출수후 55 일에 예취하고 1∼2일 포장에 깔아 말린 후 500∼600RPM으로 탈곡하였을 때 손상립률 10% 이하, 발아율 90% 이상, 출현율 80% 이상인 충실한 종실을 얻을 수 있었다. 3. 탈곡종실의 손상립률과 발아율은 종실의 수분함량과 높은 상관이 있었다. 4. 탈곡기의 탈곡력은 급동의 회전속도의 제곱에 비례하고, 또 급동반경에 비례하므로 회전속도의 기준은 급동반경을 고려하여 설정함이 타당한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

AMachine vision is a promising tool for the autonomous guidance of farm machinery. Conventional CCD camera for the machine vision needs a desktop PC to install a frame grabber, however, a web camera is ready to use when plugged in the USB port. A web camera with a notebook PC can replace existing camera system. Autonomous steering control system of this research was intended to be used for combine harvester. If the web camera can recognize cut/uncut edge of crop, which will be the reference for steering control, then the position of the machine can be determined in terms of lateral offset and heading angle. In this research, a white line was used as a cut/uncut edge of crop for steering control. Image processing algorithm including capturing image in the web camera was developed to determine the desired travel path. An experimental vehicle was constructed to evaluate the system performance. Since the vehicle adopted differential drive steering mechanism, it is steered by the difference of rotation speed between left and right wheels. According to the position of vehicle, the steering algorithm was developed as well. Evaluation tests showed that the experimental vehicle could travel within an RMS error of 0.8cm along the desired path at the ground speed of $9\sim41cm/s$. Even when the vehicle started with initial offsets or tilted heading angle, it could move quickly to track the desired path after traveling $1.52\sim3.5m$. For turning section, i.e., the curved path with curvature of 3 m, the vehicle completed its turning securely.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

This study evaluated the impacts of subsurface drainage design, i.e., spacing and depth, on agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability in two tile-drained fields (Sites A and E) under a corn-soybean rotation in the Midwestern United States. A calibrated and validated Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was used to simulate Nitrate-N (nitrogen) losses to tile drainage and crop yields of 30 tile spacing and depth scenarios over 24 years (1992-2015). Our results presented that the narrower and deeper the tile drains are placed, the greater corn yield and Nitrate-N losses, indicating that the subsurface drainage design may cause a trade-off between agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. The simulation results also presented that up to about 255.7% and 628.0% increase in Nitrate-N losses in Sites A and E, respectively, far outweigh the rate of increase in corn yield up to about 1.1% and 1.6% from the adjustment of tile spacing and depth. Meanwhile, the crop yield and Nitrate-N losses according to the tile configuration differed depending on the field, and the soybean yield presented inconsistent simulation results, unlike the corn yield, which together demonstrate the heterogeneous characteristic of agro-environmental systems to a subsurface drainage practice. This study demonstrates the applicability of agricultural systems models in exploring agro-environmental responses to subsurface drainage practices, which can help guide the introduction and installation of tile systems into farmlands, e.g., orchards and paddy fields, in our country.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 1986

본 실험은 과맥에서 문제가 되고 있는 낮은 출현율의 원인을 구명하기 위하여 피주성 isogenic line을 육성 공시하여 발아 및 출현에 저해요인이 될 수 있는 수확기의 강우, 탈곡기회전수, 파종심도, 온도등을 달리하여 비교 검토한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수확 전일 강우시는 피성에 비하여 과성의 발아율이 4∼6 % 낮았으며, 5 일 인공강수처리에서는 과성의 발아율은 현저히 저하되었다. 2. 탈곡기회전수가 600rpm에서 1,000rpm 으로 상승할 때 피성의 발아율이 100 %에서 90%로 저하된 반면, 과성은 98%에서 76%로 발아율이 크게 저하되었다. 3. 과성에서 발아율보다 출현율이 피성에 비하여 큰 차이가 있었으며 파종심도가 깊을수록 그 차이가 컸다. 4. 파종심도, 고탈곡회전수, 수확시의 강우 순으로 피성보다 과성의 출현율을 크게 저하시켰다. 따라서 과맥을 육종할 때 출현율 및 유묘활력 향상을 위한 육종적 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.335-350
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• 2023

Physoderma fungal species cause faba bean gall (FBG) which devastates faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Ethiopian highlands. In three regions (Amahara, Oromia, and Tigray), the relative importance, distribution, intensity, and association with factors affecting FBG damage were assessed for the 2019 (283 fields) and 2020 (716 fields) main cropping seasons. A logistic regression model was used to associate biophysical factors with FBG incidence and severity. Amhara region has the highest prevalence of FBG (95.7%), followed by Tigray (83.3%), and the Oromia region (54%). Maximum FBG incidence (78.1%) and severity (32.8%) were recorded from Amhara and Tigray areas, respectively. The chocolate spot was most prevalent in West Shewa, Finfinne Special Zone, and North Shewa of the Oromia region. Ascochyta blight was found prevalent in North Shewa, West Shewa, Southwest Shewa of Oromia, and the South Gondar of Amhara. Faba bean rust was detected in all zones except for the South Gonder and North Shewa, and root rot disease was detected in all zones except South Gonder, South Wollo, and North Shewa of Amahara. Crop growth stage, cropping system, altitude, weed density, and fungicide, were all found to affect the incidence and severity of the FBG. Podding and maturity stage, mono-cropping, altitude (>2,400), high weed density, and non-fungicide were found associated with increased disease intensities. However, crop rotation, low weed infestation, and fungicide usage were identified as potential management options to reduce FBG disease.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.19-20
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• 2003

Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka and Resellinia necatrix Prillieux cause violet root rot and white root rot of various crops, respectively. Intensive cultural practices, such as the use of dwarf stock, glasshouse cultivation, etc., predispose plants to the diseases. The diseases can be controlled only by biennial drench of 50100L of chemicals for each tree. Biocontrol with soil microorganisms proved ineffective under field conditions. Long-term control may be hampered by the perennial growth of hosts and by the difficulty in the establishment of antagonists in soil. Crop rotation or soil amendment is not applicable, either. Fungal viruses with dsRNA genome (Buck 1986) are promising against root diseases of fruit trees since they exist within the cytoplasm of fungal hyphae and need no effort to help them persist in the field. The viruses are considered to spread though the network of fungal mycelia in the soil once they enter the fungal cytoplasm. Here, we present preliminary results from a project to control the root diseases of fruit trees with dsRNA.(중략)

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2017

World wheat production is now under threat due to the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh in early March 2016. This is a new disease in this area, indicating the higher possibility of this pathogen spreading throughout the Asia, the world's largest wheat producing area. Occurrence of this disease caused ~3.5% reduction of the total wheat fields in Bangladesh. Its economic effect on the Bangladesh wheat market was little because wheat contributes to 3% of total cereal consumption, among which ~70% have been imported from other countries. However, as a long-term perspective, much greater losses will occur once this disease spreads to other major wheat producing areas of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan due to the existing favorable condition for the blast pathogen. The wheat blast pathogen belongs to the Magnaporthe oryzae species complex causing blast disease on multiple hosts in the Poaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladesh outbreak strains and the Brazil outbreak strains were the same phylogenetic lineage, suggesting that they might be migrated from Brazil to Bangladesh during the seed import. To protect wheat production of Bangladesh and its neighbors, several measures including rigorous testing of seed health, use of chemicals, crop rotation, reinforcement of quarantine procedures, and increased field monitoring should be implemented. Development of blast resistant wheat varieties should be a long-term solution and combination of different methods with partial resistant lines may suppress this disease for some time.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-70
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• 1994

Presently the concept of organic farming has not simply technical categories such as no agricul-tural chemicals and no chemical fertilizer but can be also extended to the categories of economics, food nutrition, environmental and philosophical aspects. Accordingly, in order to understand cor-rectly organic farming, it is necessary to look into the concept including these extended aspects. So the production and consumption activities of organic farming products are largely based on the fundamental philosophy of organic farming. That is, all the life that is included in an ecosystem has to live in symbiosis, which is based on life circulation principle. And if this circultaion system is destroyed, human life may be threatended. Farmers who produce organic farming prducts(organic farmer) receive price higher than general farmers. This study shows the gap of 46.9% in two products. Also, since the price of organic farming products is fluctuated less relatively, Organic farming pruducts can be competed against imported agricultural products in terms of food safety. And organic farming should be managed by crop rotation and composite farm management upon which the principle of material circulation is worked. This composite management is devided into 2 classes, which are individually livestock-have-composite management and regional composite management. These management method means that organic materials are crucial to maintain the structure and fertility and these organic materials are easily obtained from animal as by-products.