• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2020

Abiotic stress is one of the most serious problems in plant productivity because it dramatically delays plant growth and development. One of the abiotic stresses, soil salinity, has an adverse effect on plant growth, particularly in areas where irrigation is necessary like semiarid Asia and Africa. Among several physiological parameters, anthocyanin accumulation is a valuable indicator of the condition of the plant, and it tends to increase under salt stress conditions because of its protective role in such an environment. Consequently, it may be important to search for well adapted genotypes for upcoming climate changes. Anthocyanins are known to have important roles in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, providing important functions for protecting plant cells from reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanin accumulation between two Korean sorghum genotypes, Sodamchal and Nampungchal. The two genotypes were subjected to a regulated salinity condition, and the anthocyanin contents were evaluated in both. In Nampungchal, the anthocyanin content increased with 150 mM NaCl treatment during the time course of the experiment. However, the anthocyanin content of Sodamchal decreased in the same condition. The measured values of the anthocyanin content should be useful to identify the intensity of the salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor L. Furthermore, we studied gene expression profiling of salt stress related genes with qRT-PCR. These results suggest that Nampungchal is a more tolerant genotype to salt stress compared to Sodamchal. This information should be useful for breeding salt-resistant cultivars in sorghum.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties with high yield-productivity through wide crosses between indica and japonica rice. Genetic analysis was conducted using 55 F$_1$s obtained from half-diallel crosses among eleven cultivars of various origin including indica and japonica rice. Screening for cold tolerance was done with cold-water irrigation after transplanting until ripening stage. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant in all characters associated with dry matter accumulation at 30 and 50days after cold-water irrigation (DAC). The variance of GCA was much larger than that of SCA in plant height, shoot dry weight per plant (DWP), crop growth rate (CGR) and cold-water response index (CRI) of these characters except CRI of shoot dry weight per plant. The DWP, CGR and CRI of these characters of Gaochan 102, Tong88-7 and TR22183 were markedly higher than those of the others. GCA effects of these varieties on DWP, CGR and their CRI were also higher than those of the others, indicating that they are useful as promising parents for breeding cold-tolerant varieties. Analysis of genetic parameters for 11$\times$11 half-diallel F$_1$s revealed that inter-locus gene interaction were concerned in the expression of plant height at 50 DAC, CRI of DWP at 50 DAC, and CRI of CGR, and that intra-locus gene interaction for plant height and the other characters were partial dominance and over-dominance, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability (h$^2$$_{N}$) was the highest in plant height as 0.729, and the lowest in CRI of DWP at 30 DAC as 0.048, suggesting that selection for cold tolerance will be quite effective in case that the selection criterion is the performance itself.f.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2022

Currently, the agricultural population in Korea indicates a decreasing and aging orientation. As the population of farm labor continues to decline, so farmers are feeling the pressure to be stable crop production. To solve the problem caused by the decreasing of farm labor, it is necessary to change over to "Digital agriculture". Digital agriculture is tools that digitally collect, store, analyze, and share electronic data and/or information in agriculture, and aims to integrate the several digital technologies into crop and livestock management and other processes in agriculture fields. In addition, digital agriculture can offer the opportunity to increase crop production, save costs for farmer. Therefore, in this study, for data-based Digital Agriculture, a greenhouse environment monitoring system for crop growth monitoring based on Node-RED, which even beginners can use easily, was developed, and the implemented system was verified in a hydroponic greenhouse. Several sensors, such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, CO₂, solar radiation, were used to obtain the environmental data of the greenhouse. And the environmental data were processed and visualized using Node-RED and MariaDB installed in rule.box digital. The environment monitoring system proposed in this study was installed in a hydroponic greenhouse and obtained the environmental data for almost two weeks. As a result, it was confirmed that all environmental data were obtained without data loss from sensors. In addition, the dashboard provides the names of installed sensors, real time environmental data, and changes in the last three days for each environmental data. Therefore, it is considered that farmers will be able to easily monitor the greenhouse environment using the developed system in this study.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2016

Purpose: Pulse crop damage due to wild birds is a serious problem, to the extent that the rate of damage during the period of time between seeding and the stage of cotyledon reaches 45.4% on average. This study investigated a method of fundamentally blocking birds from eating crops by conducting vinyl mulching after seeding and identifying the growing locations for beans to perform punching. Methods: Infrared (IR) sensors that could measure the temperature without contact were used to recognize the locations of soybean cotyledons below vinyl mulch. To expand the measurable range, 10 IR sensors were arranged in a linear array. A sliding mechanical device was used to reconstruct the two-dimensional spatial variance information of targets. Spatial interpolation was applied to the two-dimensional temperature distribution information measured in real time to improve the resolution of the bean coleoptile locations. The temperature distributions above the vinyl mulch for five species of soybeans over a period of six days from the appearance of the cotyledon stage were analyzed. Results: During the experimental period, cases where bean cotyledons did and did not come into contact with the bottom of the vinyl mulch were both observed, and depended on the degree of growth of the bean cotyledons. Although the locations of bean cotyledons could be estimated through temperature distribution analyses in cases where they came into contact with the bottom of the vinyl mulch, this estimation showed somewhat large errors according to the time that had passed after the cotyledon stage. The detection results were similar for similar types of crops. Thus, this method could be applied to crops with similar growth patterns. According to the results of 360 experiments that were conducted (five species of bean ${\times}$ six days ${\times}$ four speed levels ${\times}$ three repetitions), the location detection performance had an accuracy of 36.9%, and the range of location errors was 0-4.9 cm (RMSE = 3.1 cm). During a period of 3-5 days after the cotyledon stage, the location detection performance had an accuracy of 59% (RMSE = 3.9 cm). Conclusions: In the present study, to fundamentally solve the problem of damage to beans from birds in the early stage after seeding, a working method was proposed in which punching is carried out after seeding, thereby breaking away from the existing method in which seeding is carried out after punching. Methods for the accurate detection of soybean growing locations were studied to allow punching to promote the continuous growth of soybeans that had reached the cotyledon stage. Through experiments using multiple IR sensors and a sliding mechanical device, it was found that the locations of the crop could be partially identified 3-5 days after reaching the cotyledon stage regardless of the kind of pulse crop. It can be concluded that additional studies of robust detection methods considering environmental factors and factors for crop growth are necessary.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.396-402
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to assess the OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multi-spectral Imager), whose central bands are 443nm, 490nm, 510nm, 555nm, 670nm, and 865nm, for agricultural applications. Radiance measurements, used to determine per cent reflectance of canopies and soils, were acquired with spectro-radiometers (Li-1800;330~1,100nm, GER-SFOV;350 ~2,500nm, and MSR-7000; 300~2,500nm) in situ for crops and indoors for soils. OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values were prepared(20nm interval for bands 1~5; 4nm interval for band 6) by averaging spectral reflectance values to the real OSMI bands and analyzed as to crop growth parameters, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter, and growth index in crops and physiochemical properties in soils. Spectral variations for each growth stage in rice and for crop discrimination in upland crops were significant statistically. In soils, clay and water content, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), free iron oxide, and some cation content were correlated with the OSMI equivalent bands. The result of this study shows OSMI wave bands would be promising for agricultural application in terms of spectral information and resolution.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2004

This study was carried out to obtain basic information on cultivation of Curcuma longa L. in southern part of Korea. The results were summaried as follows. Mulching of both transparent polyethylene film and black polyethylene film improved the soil characters such as soil porosity and soil moisture content. The rate of emergency after winter was increased by mulching. Growth of Curcuma longa L. was accelerated by mulching of transparent polyethylene film and black polyethylene film mulched.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2001

It is important to accelerate rooting and establishment of seedlings after transplanting for higher dry matter production and tuber yield in sweet potato cultivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain some information about the effects of vine-cutting holding on rooting and plant growth after transplanting. Vines were cut 20-25cm long and stored for 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 days in a shade room at 20$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$, RH 68$\pm$,/TEX>1%. Peroxidase activity in the vine cuttings increased as the holding period increased and the highest catalase activity was detected in the 5-day holding. Length of main vine, number of branches and nodes on main vine also increased in the 5-day holding. There was little difference in the diameter of main vine among the various holding periods. The data obtained indicate that transplanting of vine cuttings after 5-day holding could promote rooting and vine growth.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to assess the OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multi-spectral Imager), whose central bands are 443nm, 490nm, 510nm, 555nm, 670nm, and 865nm, for agricultural applications. Radiance measurements, used to determine per cent reflectance of canopies and soils, were acquired with spectro-radiometers (Li-1800;330∼1,100nm, GER-SFOV;350∼2,500nm, and MSR-7000; 300∼2,500nm) in situ for crops and indoors for soils. OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values were prepared(20nm interval for bands 1∼5; 40nm interval for band 6) by averaging spectral reflectance values to the real OSMI bands and analyzed as to crop growth parameters, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter, and growth index in crops and physiochemical properties in soils. Spectral variations for each growth stage in rice and for crop discrimination in upland crops were significant statistically. In soils, clay and water content, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), free iron oxide, and some cation content were correlated with the OSMI equivalent bands. The result of this study shows OSMI wave bands would be promising for agricultural application in terms of spectral information and resolution.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the canopy growth conditions and the accuracy of phenological stages of paddy rice using ground-based remote sensing data. Plant growth variables including Leaf Area Index (LAI) and canopy reflectance of paddy rice were measured at the experimental fields of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea during the crop seasons of 2011, 2012, and 2013. LAI values were also determined based on correlations with Vegetation Indices (VIs) obtained from the canopy reflectance. Three phenological stages (tillering, booting, and grain filling) of paddy rice could be identified using VIs and a spatial index (NIR versus red). We found that exponential relationships could be applied between LAI and the VIs of interest. This information, as well as the relationships between LAI and VIs obtained in the present study, could be used to estimate and monitor the relative growth and development of rice canopies during the growing season.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.211-221
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• 2022

Recently, the demand for the cultivation of upland soil has been increasing, and the rate of conversion of paddy soil into upland soil is also increasing. Theincrease in uneven precipitation due to climate change has resulted in dramatic effects of waterlogging stress on upland crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the changes in growth characteristics and the expression patterns of proteins at the two-leaf stage of adzuki beans. The domestic cultivar, Arari (Miryang No. 8), was used to test waterlogging stress. At the two-leaf stage of adzuki beans, plant height slightly decreased androot fresh weight showed significant changes after 3 days of waterlogging treatment. Chlorophyll content was also significantly different after 3 days of waterlogging treatment compared to its content in control plants. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, more than 400 protein spots were identified. Twenty-one differentially expressed proteins from the two-leaf stage were analyzed using linear trap quadrupole-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Of these 21 proteins, 9 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated under waterlogging treatment. Protein information resource (https://pir.georgetown.edu/) categories were assigned to all 49 proteins according to their molecular function, cellular component localization, and biological processes. Most of the proteins were found to be involved in the biological process, carbohydrate metabolism and were localized in chloroplasts.