• 철학연구
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• 제142권
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• pp.75-97
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• 2017

이 연구는 메를로-퐁티의 실존적 역사 이론에 의거해서 헤겔과 마르크스의 역사관을 비판적으로 검토하고 결론적으로 평가하는 것으로 구성된다. 이 글은 다음과 같이 전개된다. 헤겔에서 역사적 경험은 절대 정신의 자기 전개 과정으로서 이해되고 이것은 변증법적으로 서술된다. 그리고 헤겔의 역사는 절대 정신의 실현을 향해 달려가는 보편적 목적론의 역사이다. 이러한 헤겔의 목적론적 역사관은 인간이 역사에 의미를 줄 수 있고 이성에 목적을 줄 수 있었던 일이 어떻게 가능한가 하는 문제, 바꾸어 말해서 의미가 어디서 나오는가 하는 문제 즉 의미 가능성의 문제를 전제한다. 이 문제와 관련해서 헤겔은 역사의 의미와 목적의 지각적 토대 즉 육화된 자기 의식에서 해명하지 못했다. 마르크스에서 역사의 주체는 프롤레타리아 또는 계급 의식이다. 그리고 계급은 생산 관계에 의해서 산출된 사회적 실재이다. 그러나 계급은 체험된 실재로 존재하지 않으면 현실화할 수 없다. 계급 없는 사회를 가져오는 계급 투쟁 역시 우리 자신이 우리에게 프롤레타리아 의식으로 가치 부여하는 의식이 없으면 촉발될 수 없다. 계급 의식의 탄생과 투쟁의 시작은 노동자가 타자의 주체성 및 물질적 대상 세계와 만나고 협력하고 대결하면서 자신의 생활 세계의 구조와 의미를 지각하기 시작하고 이해하며 혁신하게 되는 시간적 경과를 거치면서이다. 결론적으로 그것은 우리의 육화된 실존이 세계와 교섭하는 데서 구성되는 의미 없이는 불가능하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.382-393
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• 2010

Thermal mixing by steam jets in a pool is dominantly influenced by a turbulent water jet generated by the condensing steam jets, and the proper prediction of this turbulent jet behavior is critical for the pool mixing analysis. A turbulent jet flow induced by a steam jet discharged through a vertical upward single hole into a subcooled water pool was subjected to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Based on the small-scale test data derived under a horizontal steam discharging condition, this analysis was performed to validate a CFD method of analysis previously developed for condensing jet-induced pool mixing phenomena. In previous validation work, the CFD results and the test data for a limited range of radial and axial directions were compared in terms of profiles of the turbulent jet velocity and temperature. Furthermore, the behavior of the turbulent jet induced by the steam jet through a horizontal single hole in a subcooled water pool failed to show the exact axisymmetric flow pattern with regards to an overall pool mixing, whereas the CFD analysis was done with an axisymmetric grid model. Therefore, another new small-scale test was conducted under a vertical upward steam discharging condition. The purpose of this test was to generate the velocity and temperature profiles of the turbulent jet by expanding the measurement ranges from the jet center to a location at about 5% of $U_m$ and 10 cm to 30 cm from the exit of the discharge nozzle. The results of the new CFD analysis show that the recommended CFD model of the high turbulent intensity of 40% for the turbulent jet and the fine mesh grid model can accurately predict the test results within an error rate of about 10%. In this work, the turbulent jet model, which is used to simply predict the temperature and velocity profiles along the axial and radial directions by means of the empirical correlations and Tollmien's theory was improved on the basis of the new test data. The results validate the CFD model of analysis. Furthermore, the turbulent jet model developed in this study can be used to analyze pool thermal mixing when an ellipsoidal steam jet is discharged under a high steam mass flux in a subcooled water pool.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.421-446
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to shed light onto the historical significance and limitations of the Tsukiji Little Theater's modern performances. The Tsukiji Little Theater holds a position of great importance to the history of both Japanese and Korean modern theater. Some, however, are under the completely opposite impression. There are also mixed opinions about whether the Tsukiji Little Theater is a "model example" of the modern theatrical movement or a "bad example". Based on this controversy, we look into the definitive characteristics of the Tsukiji Little Theater based mostly on "the controversy over translated foreign plays", "the controversy of foreign plays versus original plays", "the value of kabuki" and "Shinpa as a rival". This paper looked into the differences in controversy over translated foreign plays in the Tsukiji Little Theater and the controversy in existing translated foreign plays. It mostly looks at the "casuistry of foreign plays" and the "cultural engineering theory of foreign plays"to get a grasp on the controversy surrounding existing translated foreign plays. Meanwhile, the "internally critical meaning" towards the original plays of renowned writers was strong in the controversy of foreign plays in the Tsukiji Little Theater. Kaoru Osanai defined the 1920s as a dark period, and persisted that because of the activity of the Shingeki movement, foreign plays were needed instead of low-level original plays. This study examines the characteristics of original plays and foreign plays publicly performed at the Tsukiji Little Theater to analyze the "controversy of translated foreign plays versus original plays". The Tsukiji Little Theater mostly put on shows with a strong sense of resistance or that defied the old times. This caused there to be a lot of emphasis put on the rebellious mindset towards old conventions and ideologies for most of the plays, both foreign and original, and the problem arises that little mind was paid to the integrity or beauty of the works. In looking at the "value of kabuki", this paper looked into Kaoru Osanai, who was deeply involved in kabuki actors. He evaluated traditional Japanese arts highly not because of the literary value of their scripts, but because he recognized the value of how they were performed. In order to create a new spectacle, music, dance and mime was taken in from countries around the world, and kabuki was regarded highly as a means of expression on stage. Finally, we also examine the recognized reasons for treating Shinpa as a rival. There is a relationship between these reasons and a complex about the audiences they drew. The Shinpa performances always had many spectators and were successful, but those at the Tsukiji Little Theater were so unpopular with the public that it was hard for them to financially run their theater group. The empty seats in their theater constantly made the modern intellectuals in the Shingeki movement feel inferior.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.381-413
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• 2015

이 논문의 목적은 근대적 지식의 중심범주로서 인간과 휴머니즘(인간주의)에 대해 문화철학적 관점에서 비판적 반성을 시도하는 데 있다. 일반적으로 휴머니즘은 인류의 자연적이고 영원한 이상을 대표하는 개념으로 상정되어 있으나, 푸코에 따르면 이는 최근 수백 년간 성립된 근대적 지식의 산물일 뿐이다. 지식은 객관적이고 불변적인 실체로서 영구적으로 존재해 왔던 게 아니라, 인간이 무엇을 '지식'으로서 인식하는가에 따라 그 외연과 내용이 변화해 왔으며, 16세기 이래 수차례의 범주적 변동을 겪어 왔다. 이 과정에서 지식 범주의 '바깥'에 있던 인간은 점차 그 중심부로 이동하였고, 19세기에 이르면 모든 지식의 구성적 중심을 차지하게 된다. 오늘날 인간과학 혹은 인문학이 성립하게 된 배경은 인간이 지식의 중심범주에 도달하게 되었다는 문화사적 사실에 힘입은 바 크다. 이러한 인간학 혹은 인간주의(휴머니즘)의 역사화는 거꾸로 인간이 다시 지식범주의 바깥으로 밀려날 가능성을 열어둔다. 지식 지평의 확장과 새로운 관점의 전환은 근대적 의미에서의 인간학을 대신하여 다른 인식의 구조를 열게 될 잠재성을 발견하는 것이다. 최근 논의가 활발히 진행되는 '기계주의', '비인간'이나 '포스트휴먼' 등은 이러한 인간(학)의 변형에 대해 흥미로운 시사점을 제공하고 있고, 이에 대한 단초를 살펴보는 일은 현대 인문학의 당면과제이지 않을 수 없다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.289-332
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• 2012

In this paper, based on the theory of performance studies and community-based theatre, I venture to explicate the socio-political significance of director Yim Jin-Taek's community-based performance called 'madanggut', which is heavily based on elements of indigenous culture. Yim's madanggut utilizes elements of indigenous cultures and searches for 'the Korean ethnic (arche)type' as 'the ideal Korean type' or 'genuine Korean-ness' for the reconstruction of 'the Korean ethnic community.' This paper interrogates the major task of Yim Jin-Taek's madanggut, which ideologically promulgates the idea of ethnocentric patriarchy supported by the traditional (mainly Confucianist) notion of 'community' - inquiring if this type of theatre can provide useful and practical prospects for imagining a more democratic and plural civilian society in Korea today, when the interaction of globalization, nationalism, regionalism, and localism simultaneously impact our everyday life and cultural identification. Regarding the recent global phenomenon of the resurgence of nationalism, I looked at madanggut's use of symbolic resources from the past for imaginative communal bonding as a nation. But, the claimed homogeneity of the national past by means of 'nation conflation' of different social groups is an illusionary conceptualization, and the national historiography silences memories of the marginalized groups and denies their histories. It is certain that in Korea nationalism has historically performed an important function during the colonization and democratization period. Nevertheless, as Yim's Nokdukkot realized, it cannot be overlooked that as a representative of 'the Korean ethnic community,' 'the protecting man/the sacrificial woman' is contradictory to the plural and lateral thinking of participatory democracy in community-building. It is time to think about a new political language that relates individuals to the community and nation. 'The ethnic type' cannot represent the whole nation and the members of the nation should be the examples of the community they belong to for a more democratic society. I have selected Yim's several community-based works mainly from the 1970s to the 1980s since the works provide grounding images, symbols, metaphors, and allegories pertinent to discussing how 'the Korean ethnic community' has been narrativized through the performances of madanggut during the turbulent epoch of globalization. I hope that this paper presents Yim's grounded aesthetics of community-based theatre with fully contoured critical views and ideas.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2019

The yaw and interference effects of blades affect aerodynamic performance of large wind turbine system significantly, thus influencing wind-induced response and stability performance of the tower-blade system. In this study, the 5MW wind turbine which was developed by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) was chosen as the research object. Large eddy simulation on flow field and aerodynamics of its wind turbine system with different yaw angles($0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$) under the most unfavorable blade position was carried out. Results were compared with codes and measurement results at home and abroad, which verified validity of large eddy simulation. On this basis, effects of yaw angle on average wind pressure, fluctuating wind pressure, lift coefficient, resistance coefficient,streaming and wake characteristics on different interference zone of tower of wind turbine were analyzed. Next, the blade-cabin-tower-foundation integrated coupling model of the large wind turbine was constructed based on finite element method. Dynamic characteristics, wind-induced response and stability performance of the wind turbine structural system under different yaw angle were analyzed systematically. Research results demonstrate that with the increase of yaw angle, the maximum negative pressure and extreme negative pressure of the significant interference zone of the tower present a V-shaped variation trend, whereas the layer resistance coefficient increases gradually. By contrast, the maximum negative pressure, extreme negative pressure and layer resistance coefficient of the non-interference zone remain basically same. Effects of streaming and wake weaken gradually. When the yaw angle increases to $45^{\circ}$, aerodynamic force of the tower is close with that when there's no blade yaw and interference. As the height of significant interference zone increases, layer resistance coefficient decreases firstly and then increases under different yaw angles. Maximum means and mean square error (MSE) of radial displacement under different yaw angles all occur at circumferential $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ of the tower. The maximum bending moment at tower bottom is at circumferential $20^{\circ}$. When the yaw angle is $0^{\circ}$, the maximum downwind displacement responses of different blades are higher than 2.7 m. With the increase of yaw angle, MSEs of radial displacement at tower top, downwind displacement of blades, internal force at blade roots all decrease gradually, while the critical wind speed decreases firstly and then increases and finally decreases. The comprehensive analysis shows that the worst aerodynamic performance and wind-induced response of the wind turbine system are achieved when the yaw angle is $0^{\circ}$, whereas the worst stability performance and ultimate bearing capacity are achieved when the yaw angle is $45^{\circ}$.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.141-160
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• 2019

애자일 방법론은 인공지능 소프트웨어를 포함한 소프트웨어 개발 프로젝트에서 지난 몇 년 동안 널리 사용되고 있다. 이처럼 산업에서 애자일 방법론이 많이 사용되고 있음에도 불구하고, 애자일 방법론을 사용하는 소프트웨어 프로젝트의 성공 요인을 분석한 실증적 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 애자일 방법론을 사용하는 소프트웨어 프로젝트에서 고객의 역할을 이해하기 위해 사용자 참여 부족, 비현실적인 고객 기대치, 지속적인 요구 사항 변경의 고객 측 요인들이 프로젝트 성공에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 분석 대상은 애자일 방법을 소프트웨어 개발 방법론으로 사용하는 프로젝트이다. 일반적으로 소프트웨어 개발에서의 주 목표는 적은 시간과 비용으로 고품질 소프트웨어를 개발하는 것이다. 과거에는 프로젝트의 초기 단계에서 정한 고객 요구사항의 변화를 최소화하여, 그 변화에 수반되는 비용을 줄이려고 했다면, 오늘날의 프로젝트 관리에서 고객 요구사항의 변화는 고객이 원하는 시스템 개발을 위해 필수적인 것이라 인정하고 이 불가피한 변화에 보다 잘 대응하는 것이 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 효과적인 방법론으로 애자일 방법론이 많이 사용되고 있고, 본 연구에서는 이 애자일 방법론을 사용하는 프로젝트의 성공요인을 찾아내고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 설문 방법이 이용되었다. 소셜 네트워크 사이트인 링크드인(LinkedIn)을 이용하여 소프트웨어 프로젝트 참여 경험이 있는 개발자들을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 하였고, 분석에 사용한 데이터는 213개의 응답 데이터이다. 이 설문 응답 데이터를 Ordered Logit Regression을 이용하여 세 가지 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 위 세 가지 클라이언트 측 요인들 모두가 애자일 방법을 사용하는 프로젝트의 성공에 크게 영향을 미친다는 사실을 실증적으로 찾아내었다. 첫째, 애자일 방법을 이용하기 위해서는 고객의 프로젝트 참여가 필수적이다. 이 결과는 애자일 방법론의 이론적 효과와 일치한다. 사용자와의 협업이 애자일 방법론에서 가장 중요한 요소 중에 하나인 만큼 고객의 참여는 매우 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 애자일 방법이 사용된 프로젝트에서는 고객의 요구 사항을 지속적으로 변경하는 것이 부정적인 요인이 아니라 프로젝트 성공의 긍정적인 요인이라는 흥미로운 결과를 얻었다. 고객의 요구 사항을 지속적으로 변경하는 것은 클라이언트와 공급 업체 간의 빈번한 상호 작용이나 의사 소통을 통해 사용자가 진정으로 원하는 시스템을 만드는데 도움이 되어 긍정적인 요인이 된다는 설명이 가능하다. 셋째, 비현실적인 고객의 기대는 애자일 방법이 사용된 프로젝트에서도 프로젝트 성공에 부정적인 영향을 준다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

There was a difference in recognition of respirators according to the educational performance environment. they were showed higher recognition of respirators of group by internal and external mix trainer, less than 6 months, over 1hour, more than 5 times, variety of education. To identify the relationship between types of job classification(typical and atypical)and the levels of recognition of respirators, a total of 153 workers in a business workplace. mainly, typical workers showed higher recognition of respirators than atypical workers. Training of correct wearing showed high demands both typical and atypical workers. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver 9.2)was performed. the results of recognition of respirators were analyzed the mean and standard deviation by t-test, and anova, fit factor is used geometric means(geometric standard deviation), paired t-test, Wilcoxon analysis(P=0.05). Particulate filtering facepiece respirators (PFFR) is one of the most widely used items of personal protective equipments, and a tight fit of the respirators on the wearers is critical for the protection effectiveness. In order to effectively protect the workers through the respirators, it is important to find and evaluate the ways that can be readily applicable at the workplace to improve the fit of the respirators. This study was designed to evaluate effects of mask style (cup or foldable type) and donning training on fit factors (FF) of the respirators, since these are available at various workplace, especially at small business workplace. A total of 40 study subjects, comprised of employment type workers in metalworking industries, were enrolled in this study. The FF were quantitatively measured before and after training related to the proper donning and use of cup or foldable-type respirators. The pass/fail criterion of FF was set at 100. After the donning training for the cup-type mask, fit test were increased by 769%. but foldable-type mask was also increased after the donning training, the GM of FF for the foldable-type mask and it's increase rate were smaller as compared to the cup-type mask. Furthermore, the differences of the increase rates of the GM of FF in employment type of the subjects were not significantly for the foldable-type mask. These results imply that the raining on the donning and use of PFFR can enhance the protection effectiveness of cup or foldable-type mask, and that the training effects for the foldable-type mask is less significant than that for the cup-type mask. Therefore, it is recommended that the donning training and fit tests should be conducted before the use of the PFFR, and listening to workers opinion regularly.

• 한국과 국제사회
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-38
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• 2019

1987년 민주화운동 이후 한국정치는 김영삼, 김대중, 김종필에 의한 3김정치로 전환기를 맞았다. 한국정치는 3김정치 이전에는 1인에 의한 장기집권에 지속되었으나 3김정치에서는 정당통합과 정당연합을 통해 평화적인 정권교체가 가능하게 하였다. 3김정치에 대한 평가는 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면이 공존한다. 3김정치에 대한 정치적 효과는 정당구도의 다양화와 정권교체의 안정화이다. 3김정치는 한국의 정당구도를 양당체제에서 다당체제로 변화시켰으며, 3당합당과 DJP연합 등 후보단일화를 통해 평화적 정권교체를 가능하게 하였다. 하지만 3김정치에 대한 정치적 왜곡은 정당의 단명화와 정치이념의 편중화이다. 3김정치는 3김의 전략적 판단에 따라 정당해체, 재창당, 정당통합 등으로 정당의 수명이 매우 짧았으며, 보수성향과 진보성향이 3김정치와 결부되어 지역적으로 정치이념의 편중화 현상을 강화하였다. 따라서 3김정치가 한국정치에서 차지하는 비중이 매우 높기 때문에 3김정치로 인한 정치적 왜곡은 한국정치를 위해 극복해야 한다.