• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

Purpose - The exhibition is one of the critical distribution channels that leads to mass sales of products. Servicescape is considered as an effective means facilitating consumers' purchasing behavior. The objective of this research is to examine the effects of servicescape of the exhibition on consumer's purchasing behavior measured by time spent, the number of consultations, the number of items purchased, and amount of money spent. Research design, data, and methodology - Servicescape was divided into four main components: 'spatial layout/functionality', 'ambient condition', 'design/artifacts', and 'human factor'. Based on previous studies, this study hypothesized that servicescape dimensions first influence consumer's shopping duration and the number of consultations which in turn, affects consumer's actual purchase. A total of 407 samples were collected from attendees in Baby Expo taken place in Kyunggido, South Korea. The data were used to assess overall fit of the proposed model and test hypotheses using structural equation modeling. All the constructs had acceptable levels of composite reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Results - The results showed that except for 'spatial layout/functionality', all components of servicescape had a significant influence on consumer's shopping duration in the exhibition. Except for 'design/artifacts', other factors of servicescape did not show a significant effect on 'the number of consultations'. Interestingly, 'design/artifacts' exerted a significant negative effect on 'the number of consultations'. As expected, 'time spent' and 'number of consultations' showed significant effects on both 'the number of items purchased' and 'amount of money spent'. Conclusions - The results offer some insights into the effect of servicescape on facilitating consumers' purchasing behavior in the context of the exhibition. Theoretically, this study provides a new type of conceptual framework that verifies the relationships between not only servicescape and purchasing behavior, but also purchasing behavior-related variables. In addition, this study supports the concept of a dark side of servicescape. With regards to practical implications, this study suggests that exhibition organizers should put more efforts in facilitating consumer's desire to stay. More importantly, organizers need to keep in mind that excessive emphasis on 'design/artifacts' to increase consumers' shopping duration can cause a side effect that reduces opportunities for interactions with customers.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2003

Urban park are indispensable elements of contemporary cities. However, the structure and culture of contemporary cities is currently changing. There are prevalent discourses that Olmstedian parte are no longer relevant to our new societies and cultures. New kinds of parks have emerged with different forms and functions. In order to propose a new paradigm for parks in the 21st century, we need to look back to the origin of modem parks, which is to say, Olmstedian parte. This paper aims to trace the background of park movements in the 19th century America and to identify and describe Olmsted's idea of urban parks. In addition, the paper will clarify the limitations and reinterpret the meaning of Olmsted's idea of urban parks. One idea behind the development of urban parte was to mitigate urban problems such as public health, alcoholism violence and class conflicts in 19th century industrial cities. The aim of urban park was partially achieved at that time. However, those parse did not serve the use of diverse classes. Olmstedian parks were designed for passive and civilized recreation, and lower classes were more attracted by active theme parks and areas such as Coney Island and John Wood. The strengths of Olmsted's idea of urban parte can be outlined as follows: First, designing parte goes beyond shaping physical lands to embrace social reforms. This means that park designers should have a critical understanding of society and culture. Also, landscape designers should have a bold vision for the future. Without such a vision and social agenda, landscape architects cannot postulate alternative possibilities through engaging in new practices. Second, Olmsted successfully adapted British landscape aesthetic ideas such as the picturesque, the sublime and the beautiful into an American context. Finally, his vision and idea of urban parks show us that landscape architecture is not just technical work, but that it can create a locus to engage a new cultural praxis by inventing cultural products - parks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.658-665
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• 2009

Quality control QC for spot-uniformity is a critical point in fabricating an oligonucleotide array, and quantification of targets is very important in array analysis. We developed two new types of QC probes as a means of confirming the quality of the uniformity of attached probes and the quantification of targets. We compared the signal intensities and fluorescent images of the QC and target-specific probes of arrays containing only target-specific probes and those containing both QC and target-specific probes. In a comparison of quality control methods, it was found that the arrays containing QC probes could check spot-uniformity or spot defects during all processes of array fabrication, including after spotting, after washing, and after hybridization. In a comparison of quantification results, the array fabricated by the method using QC probes showed linear and regular results because it was possible to normalize variations in spot size and morphology and amount of attached probe. This method could avoid errors originating in probe concentration and spot morphology because it could be normalized by QC probes. There were significant differences in the signal intensities of all mixtures (P<0.05). This result indicates that the method using QC probes is more useful than the ordinary method for quantification of mixed target. In the quantification of mixed targets, this method could determine a range for mixed targets of various amounts. Our results suggest that methods using QC probes for array fabrication are very useful to the quality control of spots in the fabrication processes of quantitative oligonucleotide arrays.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in 5th and 6th grade primary school children in Chungbuk. Also the relationships between nutritional status and factors relevant to dietary intake of vitamin A were examined. For the study, total 180 children in urban area of Chongju city(37 boys and 40 girls) and rural area of Eumsong gun(56 boys and 47 girls) were recruited. For the assessment of dietary nutrients intake including vitamin A, 1-day, 24-hr recall method was applied. And serum retinol contents were analyzed by HPLC to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A. The average of daily vitamin A intake was 490R.E., 81.8% of RDA. Vitamin A intake of urban was higher than that of rural children(p < 0.001). Of the total dietary vitamin A intake, only 25.8% came from animal retinol, means that children still heavily depend on plant carotenoids as vitamin A floods. The average serum retinol concentration of total 180 children was 37.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml. Serum retinol concentration of urban children was 37.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1, significantly higher than rural children of 35.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1(p < 0.05). According to the biochemical criteria, no one was in critical vitamin A nutritional status. Because of relatively large day-to-day vitamin A intake, 1-day, 24-hr recall method may not be the proper way to assess the usual intake of vitamin A. In conclusion , to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A by dietary survey, it is necessary to develop new survey technique which measure the dietary habit of the people.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.592-601
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• 2004

능동전력필터의 성능은 인버터의 특성, 제어 방법, 그리고 기준신호발생기의 정확도에 좌우된다. 이중에서 기준신호발생기의 정확도는 능동전력필터의 성능을 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문은 개선된 적응예측필터로 구성한 새로운 기준신호발생기에 대해 소개하고 그 성능을 MATLAB을 이용한 시뮬레이션으로 검증하였다. 그리고 실제 하드웨어의 적용타당성을 평가하기 위해 개선된 기준신호발생기로 구성한 알고리즘을 TMS320C31 DSP(digital signal processor)에 구현하고 이 기준신호발생기를 기반으로 하는 단상능동전력필터의 축소모형을 제작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션과 실험결과로 제안하는 기준신호발생기가 위상지연이 없는 기준신호를 추출하여 능동전력필터에 활용가능하며 그 성능도 대단히 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

Purpose: Heat transfers phenomena are described by the second order partial differential equation and its boundary conditions. In a three-dimensional structure of a building, the heat transfer phenomena generally include more than one material, and thus, become complicate. The analytic solutions are useful to understand heat transfer phenomena, but they can hardly be applied in engineering or design problems. Engineers and designers have generally been forced to use numerical methods providing reliable results. Finite volume methods with the unstructured grid system is only the suitable means of the analysis for the complex and arbitrary domains. Method: To obtain an numerical solution, a discretization method, which approximates the differential equations, and the interpolation methods for temperature and heat flux between two or more materials are required. The discretization methods are applied to small domains in space and time, and these numerical solutions form the descretized equations provide approximated solutions in both space and time. The accuracy of numerical solutions is dependent on the quality of discretizations and size of cells used. The higher accuracy, the higher numerical resources are required. The balance between the accuracy and difficulty of the numerical methods is critical for the success of the numerical analysis. A simple and easy interpolation methods among multiple materials are developed. The linear equations are solved with the BiCGSTAB being a effective matrix solver. Result: This study provides an overview of discretization methods, boundary interface, and matrix solver for the 3-dimensional numerical heat transfer including two materials.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.308-316
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a robust digital copyright-protection technique based on the concept of human auditory system. First, we propose a watermarking technique that accepts the various attacks such as, time scaling, pitch shift, add noise and a lot of lossy compression such as MP3, AAC WMA. Second, we implement audio PD(portable device) for copyright protection using proposed method. The proposed watermarking technique is developed using digital filtering technique. Being designed according to critical band of HAS(human auditory system), the digital filers embed watermark without nearly affecting audio quality. Before processing of digital filtering, wavelet transform decomposes the input audio signal into several signals that are composed of specific frequencies. Then, we embed watermark in the decomposed signal (0kHz~11kHz) by designed band-stop digital filer. Watermarking detection algorithm is implemented on audio PD(portable device). Proposed watermarking technology embeds 2bits information per 15 seconds. If PD detects watermark '11', which means illegal song. PD displays "Illegal Song" message on LCD, skips the song and plays the next song, The implemented detection algorithm in PD requires 19 MHz computational power, 7.9kBytes ROM and 10kBytes RAM. The suggested technique satisfies SDMI(secure digital music initiative) requirements of platform3 based on ARM9E core.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 생체분해성 폴리에스터 계열의 glycolide, L-lactide 및 ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone 단량체를 이용하여 2단계 중합법에 의한 삼원 공중합체를 제조하여, DSC를 이용한 비등온 결정화 거동을 고찰하였다. 보다 더 정확한 거동을 검토하기 위하여 Avrami 식과 Ozawa 식을 조합하여 비등온 결정화 거동을 고찰하였다. 과냉각도를 분석한 결과 PGCLA21의 값이 가장 큰 값을 보이고 있으며 L-lactide 함량이 증가함에 따라 과냉각도는 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 수정된 Avrami 식을 이용하여 다양한 냉각속도에서 비등온 결정화 거동 결정화 속도 상수는 큰 경향을 보이고 있지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. Avrami 및 Ozawa 식을 조합하여 특정한 상대적 결정화도에서의 냉각함수를 구한결과 L-lactide 함량이 증가하면서 PGCL과 비교시 결정화 속도를 향상시키는 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 여겨지는 반면 PGCLA41과 PGCLA21을 비교시 L-lactide 함량이 일정 이상 증가시 logF(T) 값이 큰 것을 확인 할 수 있는데 이는 동일한 결정을 얻는데 더 많은 냉각 속도를 필요로 한다는 것을 의미하며 결정화 속도 향상에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2004

국내 연안지역에서 광범위하게 발생하고 있는 해수침투를 정확하게 평가하고, 이에 대한 대책을 수립하기 위해서는 다양한 분야의 연구와 이들 상호간의 자료 통합과 유기적인 해석은 매우 중요하다. 현재 수리지구화학, 지구물리탐사 및 수리지질 등의 다양한 분야에서 해수침투 연구를 수행하고 있지만, 이들 자료의 공유나 체계적인 관리분야는 초보적인 수준으로 다양한 자료에 대한 검색과 관리가 어려울 뿐만 아니라, 자료를 통합하여 해석하는데 어려움이 따른다 따라서 본 연구에서 정밀조사 지역인 전남 영광군 백수읍 일대에서 획득하고 분석한 지표 및 시추공 물리탐사자료와 수리지화학자료를 데이터베이스로 구축하고, ArcView 스크립트어인 Avenue를 이용하여 데이터베이스 관리 및 시추공 3차원 가시화 인터페이스를 개발하였다. 이와 같은 지리정보시스템(GIS; Geographic Information System) 기반의 데이터베이스 구축과 사용자 인터페이스 개발로 다양한 종류의 해수침투 조사자료를 효율적으로 관리하고 통합할 수 있기 때문에 보다 정확하고 종합적인 분석이 가능할 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2042-2047
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• 2005

Many service robots which is interacting with human at home and in buildings have been developed. Few of them are shown in of the United States and of Japan. These robots are supposed to have a powerful indoor navigation performance in places where human beings live and work. The overall capability of service robots to move around in this environment is called environment correspondence, in which localization problem to find the accurate position and orientation is the most critical problem. While users set up a proper or a best environment for industrial robots, but for services robots at home and in buildings, it is very difficult to change the environment for robots. The expanded workspace due to mobility is difficult to be covered by means of those used for industrial robots because the cost increases and human beings do not want their environment to be changed for robots. This fact has made many researchers study efficient and effective environment correspondence problems. Among these problems, localization is the most difficult. Goal of localization study includes (1) Accurate detection of position and orientation (2) Minimum cost of the additional devices (3) Minimum change of human environment. In this study, as a solution of the above, we propose "Artificial Stars" which are attached on room ceiling as landmarks. In addition, we solve an adoption problem raised when a robot is delivered to a customer site and before it can perform its full navigation capability. We call this as "Initialization Problem" of service robots. We solve the initialization problem for both cases of environment with the map and without map. The proposed system is experimented and has shown how well it handles the initialization problem.