• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.422-432
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• 2018

This study is designed to find out the causal relation between social support, career capability, career decision-making self-efficacy and career adaptability for the career interrupted women. For this purposes the scales of social support, career capability, career decision related self efficacy and career adaptability were used. For this study, the questionnaires were distributed from Mar. 2, 2018 to Apr. 6, 2018 to 960 to the career interrupted women who had the experience of getting training at the vocational school, beauty school and women's centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi area (composed of married women in their 30s and 50s who were receiving the education of beauty care for more than 1-9 months). 920 questionnaires got responded from the women and they were used for the final analysis with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, exploratory factor analysis, factor analysis, frequency analysis and correlation analysis performed with SPSS program and the structural equation performed with AMOS program. The findings from the analysis are as follows; First, it was found that the structural model between career capability, social support, career decision related self efficacy and career adaptability are proper. Second, the path coefficient of the structural model was found to be statistically significant with respect to all of career capability, social support, career decision related self efficacy and career adaptability. Third, it was found that in the relation between career capability, social support and career adaptability, the career decision related self efficacy has the mediating effect. These results show that if the level of career adaptability is to be enhanced for the caber interrupted women, the career decision related self efficacy can make the critical role in addition to the career capability and social support. So, this study tries to offer the basic data required for the preparation of career and the development of future career for the success of career interrupted women going back to the workplace.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.923-931
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• 2005

A study was carried out to identify the major causes of sediments pollution in the Paldang Lake in the vicinity of Gyeongan river. Samples from 40 sites were collected and analyzed to characterize the regional distributions of grain size, organic matter contents, and concentrations of T-N, T-P and heavy metals. contaminations. The mean grain size(Mz) ranged from sand type(Mz, $1{\sim}3\;{\phi}$) where Bukhan River and Namhan River converges at a high flow rate to silt type(Mz, $5{\sim}10\;{\phi}$) at the downstream of Gyeongancheon and Paldang lake, reflecting the water circulation in the area. Except sampling point St. 36 near the wetland, the determination coefficient($r^2$) of Mz and organic matter(LOI) was 0.88, showing that more organic matters are concentrated inside finer sediments. The concentrations of T-N and T-P in sediments were higher in the area at which Mz and organic matters are also higher. High concentrations of T-P analyzed in the sediments, ranging from $216{\sim}1,623\;{\mu}g/g$ (Avg. $769\;{\mu}g/g$) could be considered as a critical level. Adsorbed-P and NAI-P, which are easily released to the surrounding environments when physico-chemical characteristics of sediments are changed, was found to be around 20%, which was showed by the result of fractionated-P. Moreover, Principle Component Analysis(PCA), showed that high concentrations of T-N, T-P, organophilic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) are distributed in the areas where high organic matter contents and fine grain-sized sediments are found. However, results of $I'_{geo}$ (Geoaccumulation Index) that considers the grain size of sediments showed that heavy metal concentrations in the lake was low enough to be considered as Class 1 indicating the relative degree of pollution was less than zero.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.947-956
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• 2009

Residual petroleum hydrocarbons after an oil spill may accumulate in the marine benthic ecosystem due to their high hydrophobicity. A lot of monitoring data are required for the estimation of ecosystem exposure to residual petrochemicals in an ecological risk assessment in the affected region. To save time and cost, the environmental exposure to them in the affected ecosystem can also be assessed using a simple food-web bioaccumulation model. In this study, we evaluated residual concentrations of four selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene) in a hypothetic benthic ecosystem composed of six species under two exposure scenarios. Body-residue concentration ranged 5~250 mg/kg body depending on trophic positions in an extreme scenario in which the aqueous concentrations of PAHs were assumed to be one-tenth of their aqueous solubility. In addition, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were evaluated for model species. The logarithm of bioconcentration factor (log BCF) linearly increased with increasing the logarithm of 1-octanol-water partition coefficient (log $K_{OW}$) until log $K_{OW}$ of 7.0, followed by a gradual decrease with further increase in log $K_{OW}$ without metabolic degradation. Biomagnification became significant when log $K_{OW}$ of a pollutant exceeded 5.0 in the model ecosystem, indicating that investigation of food-web structure should be critical to predict biomagnifications in the affected ecosystem because log $K_{OW}$ values of many petrochemicals are higher than 5.0. Although further research is required for better site-specific evaluation of exposure, the model simulation can be used to estimate the level of the ecosystem exposure to residual oil contaminants at the screening level.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.325-345
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• 2020

Determination of Best available technology (BAT) was suggested to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petrochemical industrial complex, by conducting human health risk, environmental, and economic assessment based on multimedia fugacity model. Fate and distribution of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) was predicted by the multimedia fugacity model, which represent VOCs emitted from the industrial complex in U-city. Media-integrated human health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to predict the human health risk of BTEX and identify the critical variable which has adverse effects on human health. Besides, the environmental and economic assessment was conducted to determine the BAT for VOCs reduction. It is concluded that BTEX highly remained in soil media (60%, 61%, 64% and 63%), and xylene has remained as the highest proportion of BTEX in each environment media. From the candidates of BAT, the absorption was excluded due to its high human health risk. Moreover, it is identified that the half-life and exposure coefficient of each exposure route are highly correlated with human health risk by sensitivity analysis. In last, considering environmental and economic assessment, the regenerative thermal oxidation, the regenerative catalytic oxidation, the bio-filtration, the UV oxidation, and the activated carbon adsorption were determined as BAT for reducing VOCs in the petrochemical industrial complex. The suggested BAT determination methodology based on the media-integrated approach can contribute to the application of BAT into the workplace to efficiently manage the discharge facilities and operate an integrated environmental management system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2006

Pot experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2001 to compare the different methods of available phosphorus (P) for estimation of biomass and P uptake by tomato and cucumber grown on different soils (25 soils for tomato and 8 soils for cucumber cultivation) collected from plastic film house of Chungbuk area. Supplementary experiment was conducted to estimate the relationship among several extraction methods of available P such as P adsorption, water extractable-P, Lancaster-P, Olsen-P, Bray No 1 and No 2-P, and Mehlich 1 and 3-P for a total of 71 soils that included 33 soils collected for tomato and cucumber cultivation and 38 soils taken from other sites of plastic film house. All the extraction methods of available phosphorus except P adsorption were mutually positive correlated with r ranging from 0.81 to 0.96 while the correlation coefficient between P adsorption and other methods ranged from -0.57 to -0.80. Phosphorus uptake by tomato plant applied with no fertilizer was significantly correlated with the available P extracted by different methods except P adsorption in all the experiments showing positive correlation coefficients from 0.49 to 0.76 in April, 1999, 0.53 to 0.71 in April, 2000, and 0.59 to 0.68 in October, 2000. Consequently relative amount of P uptake by tomato plant for all the experiments also significantly correlated with available P in soils showing correlation coefficients of r=0.64~0.73 (P<0.0000001) in the order of Mehlich 1-P > Mehlich 3-P > Lancaster-P. For tomato, critical concentrations of available P in soils estimated by Cate and Nelson split method were $1700mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Mehlich 3-P, $1,050mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Mehlich 1-P, and $95mg\;kg^{-1}$ for water extractable P. Also P uptake by cucumber plant was significantly correlated with Olsen-P, water extractable P, and Bray No 2-P with r value of 0.62, 0.59, and 0.51, respectively, in soils of no fertilization.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.89-103
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate to relation of necessity and practice of contents of clothing and textiles education(classify them into four units, choice and dressing of clothes, textile and management of clothes, design and sewing of clothes, knitting and embroidery). Method of posing a questionnaire is adopted to obtain stochastic data required for pertinent analysis. This is the investigation of which 400 (high school students 204, university students 196) girl students located in Choongnam and Junrabookdo province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 10.0 for Windows Program was utilized to calculate percentage, mean and standard deviation. Also, these materials were verified by t-test, One-way Anova, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this research were as follows. First, girl students' necessity mean point were higher than practice mean point about the contents of clothing and textiles education. And necessity had a positive relationship with practices of contents of clothing and textiles education. Second, there was a significant difference in necessity and practice of contents of clothing and textiles education according to demographic variables. These results should be provide fundamental information for improving students' critical practice in their real life. Since this study has touched only limited research on the topic of clothing and textiles education, it is essential that further research covering a wider array of themes be done in the future. this study has touched only limited research on the topic of clothing and textiles education, it is essential that further research covering a wider array of themes be done in the future.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2008

As managing customer relationship gets more important, companies are strengthening information service using multi-channels to their customers as a part of their customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives. It means companies are now accepting such information services not as simple information -delivering tools, but as strategic initiatives for acquiring and maintaining customer loyalty. In this paper, we attempt to validate whether or not such various information services would impact on organizational performance in terms of CRM strategy. More specifically, our research objective is to answer the next three questions: first, how to construct the instruments to measure not information quality but information service quality?; second, which attributes of information service quality can influence corporate image and customer loyalty?; finally, does each information service type have unique characteristics compared with others in terms of influencing corporate image and customer loyalty? With respect to providing answers to those questions, the previous studies had been limited in that those studies failed to consider the variety of types of information service or restricted the quality of information service to information quality. An appropriate research model answering the above questions should consider the fact that most companies are utilizing multi channels for their information services, and include the recent strategic information service such as customer online community. Moreover, since corporate information service could be regarded as a type of products or services delivered to customer, it is necessary to adopt the criteria for assessing customer's perceived value when to measure the quality of information service. Therefore, considering both multi-channels and multi-traits may enable us to tell the detailed causal routes showing which quality attributes of which information service would affect corporate image and customer loyalty. As information service channels, we include not only homepage and DM (direct mail), which are the most frequently applied information service channels, but also online community, which is getting more strategic importance in recent years. With respect to information service quality, we abstract information quality, convenience of information service, and timeliness of information service through a wide range of relevant literature reviews. As our dependant variables, we consider corporate image and customer loyalty that both of them are the critical determinants of organizational performance, and also attempt to grasp the relationship between the two constructs. We conducted a huge online survey at the homepage of one of representative dairy companies in Korea, and gathered 367 valid samples from 407 customers. The reliability and validity of our measurements were tested by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and principal factor analysis respectively, and seven hypotheses were tested through performing correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results from data analysis demonstrated that timeliness and convenience of homepage have positive effects on both corporate image and customer loyalty. In terms of DM, its' information quality was represented to influence both corporate image and customer loyalty, but we found its' convenience have a positive effect only on corporate image. With respect to online community, we found its timeliness contribute significantly both to corporate image and customer loyalty. Finally, as we expected, corporate image was revealed to provide a great influence to customer loyalty. This paper provides several academic and practical implications. Firstly, we think our research reinforces CRM literatures by developing the instruments for measuring information service quality. The previous relevant studies have mainly depended on the measurements of information quality or service quality which were developed independently. Secondly, the fact that we conducted our research in a real situation may enable academics and practitioners to understand the effects of information services more clearly. Finally, since our study involved three different types of information service which are most frequently applied in recent years, the results from our study might provide operational guidelines to the companies that are delivering their customers information by multi-channel. In other words, since we found that, in terms of customer loyalty, the key areas would be different from each other according to the types of information services, our analysis would help to make decisions such as selecting strengthening points or allocating resources by information service channels.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: This study was to carry out risk assessment of contamination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and inorganic arsenic (I-As) in agricultural products of 25 crops from the abandoned mine areas. The 36 typical investigation sites located in Gyeongbuk provincial area were selected by considering the heavy metal levels, that had been known that the amount of the heavy metals exceeded the contamination level based on the previous survey. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium, lead, and total arsenic (T-As) concentrations were determined using microwave device and ICP-MS. Inorganic arsenic was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. The limits of quantification for heavy metals were 0.59 ㎍/kg for Cd, 0.42 ㎍/kg for Pb, 0.55 ㎍/kg for T-As, and sum of As (III) (1.74 ㎍/kg) and As (V) (2.25 ㎍/kg) for I-As, respectively. The contents of Cd, Pb, and I-As (only rice) were N.D.-0.958 mg/kg, N.D.-0.227 mg/kg, and 0.082 mg/kg, respectively, in the agricultural products. For risk assessment, dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were 5.20×10^-4-7.15×10⁰ ㎍/day for Cd, 7.00×10^-5-7.75×10^-1 ㎍/day for Pb, and 1.17×10¹ ㎍/day for I-As, taking 0.01-14.37%, 0.01-2.05%, and 15.16% as risk indices, respectively. CONCLUSION: It requires to consider the critical levels of heavy metals in agricultural products due to unexpectedly high levels in a few places, while concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were relatively low in most areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

Due to the characteristics of microwave signals, Radar satellite image has been used for flood detection without weather and time influence. The more methods of flood detection were developed, the more detection rate of flood area has been increased. Since flood causes a lot of damages, flooded area should be distinguished from non flooded area. Also, the detection of flood area should be accurate. Therefore, not only image resolution but also the filtering process is critical to minimize resolution degradation. Although a resolution of radar images become better as technology develops, there were a limited focused on a highly suitable filtering methods for flood detection. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out the most appropriate filtering method for flood detection by comparing three filtering methods: Lee filter, Frost filter and NL-means filter. Therefore, to compare the filters to detect floods, each filters are applied to the radar image. Comparison was drawn among filtered images. Then, the flood map, results of filtered images are compared in that order. As a result, Frost and NL-means filter are more effective in removing the speckle noise compared to Lee filter. In case of Frost filter, resolution degradation occurred severly during removal of the noise. In case of NL-means filter, shadow effect which could be one of the main reasons that causes false detection were not eliminated comparing to other filters. Nevertheless, result of NL-means filter shows the best detection rate because the number of shadow pixels is relatively low in entire image. Kappa coefficient is scored 0.81 for NL-means filtered image and 0.55, 0.64 and 0.74 follows for non filtered image, Lee filtered image and Frost filtered image respectively. Also, in the process of NL-means filter, speckle noise could be removed without resolution degradation. Accordingly, flooded area could be distinguished effectively from other area in NL-means filtered image.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-113
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• 2018

The purpose of this study to empirically examine a smart work investment and job performance by change resistance. Firstly, There investigates mediating role of the communication between the smart work investment and the job performance. Secondly, It will identify the job productivity differences through a level of organizational change resistance that reduced smart work investment. The smart work is to provide the flexibility of time and location and is a working method to improve a work productivity of organization members. The introduction of smart work means the adoption of new organizational culture, institution and technology and requires a novel change of a custom and pattern on existing organization culture and institution because of transformation form of communication and collaboration. The method of this study adopts a structural equation model to test a mediating effect of communication and a moderating effect of change resistance level. This model confirms whether smart work investments provide a positive impact on communication and organizational productivity. In addition, I will classify a change resistance level of smart work by cluster analysis and then check a critical path difference of job productivity between each group. As a result, The organizational IT, institution and culture on the smart work investment appeared to important influencers in communication and also had a direct influence of individual performance. Also, The three independent variables of smart work investment have an indirect influence of individual and organizational performance through communication mediating variables. However, the organizational IT and institution as independent variables do not provide direct influence of organization performance. Nevertheless, two independent variables of organizational IT and institution have an indirect influence the organization performance through communication mediating variables. As a result of confirming a productivity of three groups on organization resistance, there was a difference the individual and organizational performance among groups. The low-level group of organizational resistance showed high coefficient value of performance compared to other groups. The group analysis implications, The smart work investment appeared significantly to revise the institution first, build culture secondly and advanced technology lastly. The theoretical implication from this study contributes an extension of social science theory through socio-technical systems, institution, culture, change resistance and job performance based on smart work. The practical implications explain the smart work success in step-by-step investment rather than radical investment as level management of change resistance. In future research, the smart work performance between private and public firms will analyze a difference of the organizational culture, institution, technology and performance.