• 조형예술학연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.183-218
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• 2006

Colors change in time corresponding with the value system and aesthetic consciousness of the time. The roles that colors play in painting can be divided into the formative role based on the contrast and harmony of color planes and the aesthetic role expressed by colors to represent the objects. The aesthetic consciousness of the orient starts with the Civility(禮) and Pleasure(樂), which is closely related with restrained or tempered human feelings. In the art world of the orient including poem, painting, and music, what are seen and felt from the objects are not represented in all. Added by the sentiment laid background, the beauty of the orient emphasizes the beauty of restraint and temperance, which has long been the essential aesthetic emotion of the orient. From the very inception of oriental painting, colors had become a symbolic system in which the five colors associated with the philosophy of Yin and Yang and Five Forces were symbolically connected with the four sacred animals of Red Peacock, Black Turtle, Blue Dragon, and White Tiger. In this color system the use of colors was not free from ideological matters, and was further constrained by the limited color production and distribution. Therefore, development in color expression seemed to have been very much limited because of the unavailability and unreadiness of various colors. Studies into the flow in oriental painting show that color expression in oriental painting have changed from symbolic color expression to poetic expression, and then to emotional color expression as the mode of painting changes in time. As oriental painting transformed from the art of religious or ceremonial purpose to one of appreciation, the mast visible change in color expression is the one of realism(simulation). Rooted on the naturalistic color expression of the orient where the fundamental properties of objects were considered mast critical, this realistic color expression depicts the genuine color properties that the objects posses, with many examples in the Flower & Bird Painting prior to the North Sung dynasty. This realistic expression of colors changed as poetic sentiments were fused with painting in later years of the North Sung dynasty, in which a conversion to light ink and light coloring in the use of ink and colors was witnessed, and subjective emotion was intervened and represented. This mode of color expression had established as free and creative coloring with vivid expression of individuality. The fusion of coloring and lyricism was borrowed from the trend in painting after the North Sung dynasty which was mentioned earlier, and from the trend in which painting was fused with poetic sentiments to express the emotion of artists, accompanied with such features as light coloring and compositional change. Here, the lyricism refers to the artist's subjective perspective of the world and expression of it in refined words with certain rhythm, the essence of which is the integration of the artist's ego and the world. The poetic ego projects the emotion and sentiment toward the external objects or assimilates them in order to express the emotion and sentiment of one's own ego in depth and most efficiently. This is closely related with the rationale behind the long-standing tradition of continuous representation of same objects in oriental painting from ancient times to contemporary days. According to the thoughts of the orient, nature was not just an object of expression, but recognized as a personified body, to which the artist projects his or her emotions. The result is the rebirth of meaning in painting, completely different from what the same objects previously represented. This process helps achieve the integration and unity between the objects and the ego. Therefore, this paper discussed the lyrical expression of colors in the works of the author, drawing upon the poetic expression method reflected in the traditional Flower and Bird Painting, one of the painting modes mainly depending on color expression. Based on the related discussion and analysis, it was possible to identify the deep thoughts and the distinctive expression methods of the orient and to address the significance to prioritize the issue of transmission and development of these precious traditions, which will constitute the main identity of the author's future work.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.319-345
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• 2018

Effective higher educational management in undergraduate nursing programs is an important issue from the viewpoint of stakeholders. This qualitative research aimed to examine the characteristics of nursing students and curriculum development of undergraduate nursing education from the opinions of Boromarajonani College of Nursing Saraburi, Thailand stakeholders. The population included 4 groups: 1) the alumni who have graduated within the past 5 years and currently work in primary, secondary, and tertiary care units, 2) the supervisors and colleagues of the alumni, 3) nursing lecturers, and 4) the current nursing students. The respondents who are the alumni, nursing lecturers, and current nursing student were selected using a purposive sampling, for the supervisors and colleagues were selected using snowball techniques. Semi-structured interview questions were used for data collection. Group discussions were conducted until saturation on 55 key informants. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Results showed the viewpoints of stakeholders on the characteristics of future nurse graduates were comprised of four elements: knowledge that meets standards; essential skills for self-development and lifelong learning process; good morals and professional ethics in providing nursing care; and nurse competencies in teamwork, communication, language, research, management, IT, life skills, and global literacy. The viewpoints on the development of the nursing curriculum focus on four elements: the learner, teaching and learning, course content, and instructor tasks. For learners, the admission criteria should include a minimum not only of knowledge, but also positive attitude, science, and art skills, since the nursing profession is both a science and the art of caring. Teaching and learning elements should be authentic, including exposure to real situations, an integrated network, and activities that improve nursing care. Course content was comprised of an updated curriculum, humanized nursing care, student center, theory and practice with moral integration, case-based study, critical thinking, multidisciplinary work, and love for the nursing profession. Instructor tasks are to elicit student ideas, provide opportunities to learn, support infrastructure, support technology use, and extra-curricular activities to develop the competencies of nursing students. Recommendations were that the curriculum administration should review the selection process of student candidates and instructional management to achieve expected outcomes of nursing characteristics in the future. The nurse lecturer should provide authentic and integrated instruction, decrease lecturing, cultivate a lifelong learning process, and sustain the nursing characteristics.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권51호
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• pp.59-82
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• 2018

본 연구는 마이클 두독 드 비트($Micha{\ddot{e}}l$ Dudok de Wit)의 <아버지와 딸(Father and Daughter), 2000>에 나타난 표현적 특징이 하인리히 뵐플린(Heinrich $W{\ddot{o}}lfflin$)이 정의한 회화성(繪畵性, painterliness)의 개념에 해당됨을 주목하고, 연구 작품의 시각적 표현방식과 서사적 특징을 회화성이라는 개념으로 고찰하고자 한다. 뵐플린은 16세기 르네상스 전성기 미술과 17세기 바로크 미술의 양식을 비교하면서 회화적 양식의 특징들을 개념화 하였는데, 드로잉 도구로 그려진 연구 작품의 이미지들은 비정형적이고 모호한 형상으로 연출됨으로써 뵐플린이 정의한 회화적 표현방식의 요건들을 따르고 있다. 연구 작품의 이러한 표현방식은 중의적이면서도 모호한 서사의 연출에도 효과적으로 기능하면서 작가주의적 서정성의 표현에서 핵심적인 역할을 담당한다. 연구 작품이 지니는 회화성은 상업적 애니메이션이 보여주는 명료성과 대비되는 것으로 작가주의적 경향의 애니메이션 감독들이 활용하는 표현 방식에서 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 애니메이션에서의 회화성은 디지털 기법으로 인해 표현의 영역이 일원화되고 있는 현시대에 특히 조명되어야 하는 요소로서, 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 연구 작품을 통해 애니메이션에서 활용될 수 있는 회화적 표현 방식을 고찰하고 그 의의를 모색하여 애니메이션의 다양한 표현 영역에 중요성을 부여하는 데 연구의 목적을 두고자 한다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권6호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Animation constitutes the core of the media industry, which in turn lies at the center of the cultural industry. It is considered one of the industries where South Korea has the competitive edge over other countries. With the pool of customers getting wider, the genre of animation has become more and more diverse, forming a great market for it. Aware of this trend, this study focused on animation as a part of the pop culture, and on providing corresponding various viewpoints for future cultural studies. This researcher measured the practicality and persuasiveness of this study through Shreck, a three-dimensional C.G. animation which is acclaimed for its success in dismantling the old grammar of animation movies that represent the anti-Disney ideas. This researcher felt it imperative to heed the unique language of Shreck, which contains discourses on various cultural ideologies such as paradoxical structure that pits entertainment that is shown through dismantling of the canon, feminism and antifeminism against each other. This study analyzed the entertaining element of the animation genre by means of the Semiotics of Keith Moxey, thereby attempting to establish a legitimate social status of the genre, whose artfulness has been depreciated in the art society. In chapter II, this researcher examines the chronological development of three-dimensional C.G. animation that has shown a rapid advancement. Chapter III defines the cultural ideology of Shreck by exploring basic theories and texts employed in analysis of art works. This study started with the assumption that defines, from the viewpoint of symbology, the animation text as an aggregate of discourses on entertainment, and competitive and paradoxical ideologies. Then, this researcher analyzed the text and the generation process of meanings in Shreck. Consequently, this study has come to the following conclusions: First, Shreck induces changes of concepts about the canon by means of distorting and reversing the existing animation movies, which seems to reflect in the contemporary tendency of seeking new interpretations of entertainment. Second, Shreck shows up the cognitive changes of our age as to feminism by competing feminism against antifeminism. Although Shreck serves as a venue of competition between the two opposing ideas, it stops short of brushing off women as outsiders in society. Rather, it represents the resistance to the male chauvinism existing in the structures of animation and culture. As shown in the text analysis, Shreck presents an advent of a new ideology critical of the previous animation films. In addition, it reflects in the struggle between the pro-feminism on the part of the viewers and the anti-feminism that lies in the social and culture structure. This study, however, is limited in its scope and selection of subject. First, although this researcher has stressed the importance of understanding the animation as part of the pop culture and conducting researches within the historic paradigm, this study fails to provide an in-depth insight in the impacts that the changes in the C.G. industry and the systematic conditions may have on the three-dimensional C.G. animation genre. Furthermore, this study runs the risk of being understood as pro-American due to its selection of Shreck as its research subject.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.43-71
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• 2017

1990년대 이후 명맥이 끊겼다고도 할 수 있는 청소년극이 2010년대 들어와서 새롭게 조명되고 있다. 2011년 국립극단 어린이청소년구연구소의 설립으로 체계적인 제작 방식아래 청소년극이 만들어졌고 사회적으로도 청소년이 우리사회 전체에 미치는 영향이 커졌기 때문이다. 이에 젊은 작가들의 등단 작품이 청소년극이 되는 현상이 발생하기도 하였다. 국립창극단의 경우에도 2013년 <내 이름은 오동구>라는 작품을 통해 청소년창극이라고 이름 붙일 수 있는 작품을 처음 선보였다. 이 작품의 작가와 연출이 모두 청소년극 전문가들이기에 창극에서는 어떤 방식으로 청소년극의 문제의식이 표현되었는지 살펴보는 것은 의미 있을 것으로 보인다. 창극의 활발한 실험 가운데 청소년극에 대한 영역도 한 부분을 차지하기 때문이다. 이 논문은 <내 이름은 오동구>가 첫 번째 청소년 창극이니 만큼 그 의미를 살펴보고 방향성을 검토하는 일이 필요하다는 취지에서 시작되었다. 동시대적 질문을 통해 창극이 지니는 전통성의 현재적 의미를 부각하려 한 점, 다양한 음악적 시도를 했지만 장단 위주의 작창으로 창극의 정체성을 유지하려 한 점 등은 긍정적으로 평가할 수 있다. 다만 도창을 줄이고 연극적인 측면을 부각하면서 발생한 서사적인 빈틈이 관객이 거리두기를 하면서 주체적으로 관극할 수 있는 기회를 약화시킨 부분은 해결해야 할 과제로 보인다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 목표 방향을 정해 놓고 다양한 서사를 반복하는 방식이 창극에서 효과적인 전략일 수 있음을 제안했다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.73-109
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• 2017

이 논문은 허규의 완판창극 <흥보전>(1982)과 <흥보가>(1984)의 창극술과 그 의의를 논한 것이다. 판소리 <흥보가>가 두 편의 완판창극 <흥보가>로 구현되는 과정에서의 창극술과 그 의의를 논하는 것이라 할 수 있다. '창극술'은 창극의 양식적인 면과 내용적인 면을 통해 어떠한 미적 의식을 드러내는지를 논하는 것으로 연출가가 완판창극을 통해 지향하는 의식에 관한 것이다. 허규의 완판창극 <흥보가> 창극술은 우화적이고 신명나는 놀이의 정서 속에서 '가난과 배고픔을 면하기 위해 몸을 파는 현실'에 대한 문제의식을 해학적으로 드러낸 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. '현대적인 연극성'과 '한국적인 놀이성'을 융합시킨 창극술을 통해 '형제 간의 우애'라는 주제의식을 넘어서 '가난으로 인한 서러움'이라는, 당대 및 동시대에도 공감할 수 있는 경제적 측면에서의 문제의식을 불러일으킨 의의가 있는 것이다. 그리고 흥보의 '나누는 삶'을 통해 한국 전통연희의 '놀이성'을 단순한 기예로 활용하는 것이 아니라 '상생의 삶'을 추구하는 '신명'의 정서로 구현한 의의가 있다고 할 수 있겠다. 이 논문에서는 허규의 '민족극'론이 당대에 드물게 서양 연극술과 전통연희의 무대화라는 융합적인 사유를 기반으로 하는 것이었으며 이러한 연출가 의식으로 인해 새로운 주제의식을 만들어내면서 관객과의 공감대를 확장하려는, 즉 예술성과 대중성을 겸비한 '창극술'이 구현되었음을 논한 의의가 있다. 완판창극이 단순히 공연시간만이 길어진 형식의 것이 아니라 허규의 '민족극'론을 토대로 한, 융합적인 인식을 토대로 하는 창극술을 지향하고 있음을 밝힌 의의가 있는 것이다.

• 심성연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-35
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• 2011

프리다칼로는 그녀의 생애에서 143개의 작품을 남겼는데 그 중 55개가 자화상이다. 그녀는 자신의 삶에서 많은 시간을 그림을 그리는 것에 몰두하였고, 자신을 그림에 넣어서 표현하였다. 작가의 예술과 창조적 작품은 작가의 무의식의 표현 과정이다. 일련의 작품들은 그의 개인 무의식적 내용을 표현하지만, 어떤것들은 집단적 그리고 원형적 무의식이 표출된다. 이러한 작품들은 그들의 마음에 일련의 인상적인 이미지를 주며, 아직 알지 못한 정동에 충격적으로 자극한다. 예술가는 이러한 과정에서 자신의 작품과 스스로 대화할 수 있다. 이렇게 산출된 상징적 이미지는 예술가의 의식과 조화를 추구한다. 이 연구는 분석심리학적 관점에서 프리다 칼로의 사실적인 자화상 네 개를 해석함으로서 그녀의 심리적 변화과정을 검토하였다. 이 네 개의 작품은 그녀의 삶에서 가장 절박한 순간에 표출된 것들이다. 우리는 이 작품들이 어떠한 목적을 가지고 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 1) 그녀의 자화상은 그녀의 개인적인 삶과 개인무의식 뿐만 아니라 집단적 무의식의 요소들이 포함되어있다. 2) 그녀는 자신의 충격적인 변환의 사건들을 자화상에 표현함으로서 심리적치유를 경험하였다. 3) 그녀의 자화상들은 그녀가 격은 창조적 변환과정의 표현이다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.64-104
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• 2005

Visual media transmits image and information reproduced in large quantities, such as a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, or computer image. Correspondence to the students' reception and recognition of culture in the future. arrangements for the field of studies of visual culture. 'Visual Culture' implies cultural phenomena of visual images via visual media, which includes not only the categories of traditional arts like a painting, sculpture, print, or design, but the performance arts including a fashion show or parade of carnival, and the mass and electronic media like a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, cartoon, animation, or computer image. In the world of visual media, Image' functions as an essential medium of communication. Therefore, people call the culture of today fra of Image Culture', which has been converted from an alphabet convergence era to an image convergence one. Image, via visual media, has become a dominant means for communication in large part of human life, so we can designate an Image' as a typical aspect of visual culture today. Image, as an essential medium of communication, plays an important role in contemporary society. The one way is the conversion of analogue image like an actual picture, photograph, or film into digital one through the digitalization of digital camera or scanner as 'an analogue/digital commutator'. The other is a way of process with a computer drawing, or modeling of objects. It is appropriate to the production of pictorial and surreal images. Digital images, produced by the other, can be divided into the form of Pixel' and form of Vector'. Vector is a line linking the point of departure to the point of end, which organizes informations. Computer stores each line's standard location and correlative locations to one another Digital image shows for more 'Perfectness' than any other visual media. Digital image has been evolving in the diverse aspects, such as a production of geometrical or organic image compositing, interactive art, multimedia art, or web art, which has been applied a computer as an extended trot of painting. Someone often interprets digitalized copy with endless reproduction of original even as an extension of a print. Visual af is no longer a simple activity of representation by a painter or sculptor, but now is intimately associated with a matter of application of media. There is some problem in images via visual media. First, the image via media doesn't reflect a reality as it is, but reflects an artificial manipulated world, that is, a virtual reality. Second, the introduction of digital effect and the development of image processing technology have enhanced a spectacle of destructive and violent scenes. Third, a child intends to recognize the interactive images of computer game and virtual reality as a reality, or truth. Education needs not only to point out an ill effect of mass media and prevent the younger generation from being damaged by it, but also to offer a knowledge and know-how to cope actively with social, cultural circumstances. Visual media education is one of these essential methods for the contemporary and future human being in the overflowing of image informations. The fosterage of 'Visual Literacy' can be considered as a very purpose of visual media education. This is a way to lead an individual to the discerning, active consumer and producer of visual media in life as far as possible. The elements of 'Visual Literacy' can be divided into a faculty of recognition related to the visual media, a faculty of critical reception, a faculty of appropriate application, a faculty of active work and a faculty of creative modeling, which are promoted at the same time by the education of 'visual literacy'. In conclusion, the education of 'Visual Literacy' guides students to comprehend and discriminate the visual image media carefully, or receive them critically, apply them properly, or produce them creatively and voluntarily. Moreover, it leads to an artistic activity by means of new media. This education can be approached and enhanced by the connection and integration with real life. Visual arts and education of them play an important role in the digital era depended on visual communications via image information. Visual me야a of day functions as an essential element both in daily life and in arts. Students can soundly understand visual phenomena of today by means of visual media, and apply it as an expression tool of life culture as well. A new recognition and valuation visual image and media education is required to cultivate the capability of active, upright dealing with the changes of history of civilization. 1) Visual media education helps to cultivate a sensibility for images, which reacts to and deals with the circumstances. 2) It helps students to comprehend the contemporary arts and culture via new media. 3) It supplies a chance of students' experiencing a visual modeling by means of new media. 4) There are educational opportunities of images with temporality and spaciality, and therefore a discerning person becomes to increase. 5) The modeling activity via new media leads students to be continuously interested in the school and production of plastic arts. 6) It raises the ability of visual communications dealing with image information society. 7) An education of digital image is significant in respect of cultivation of man of talent for the future society of image information as well. To correspond to the changing and developing social, cultural circumstances, and the form and recognition of students' reception of them, visual arts education must arrange the field of studying on a new visual culture. Besides, a program needs to be developed, which is in more systematic and active level in relation to visual media education. Educational contents should be extended to the media for visual images, that is, photography, film, television, video, computer graphic, animation, music video, computer game and multimedia. Every media must be separately approached, because they maintain the modes and peculiarities of their own according to the conveyance form of message. The concrete and systematic method of teaching and the quality of education must be researched and developed, centering around the development of a course of study. Teacher's foundational capability of teaching should be cultivated for the visual media education. In this case, it must be paid attention to the fact that a technological level of media is considered as a secondary. Because school education doesn't intend to train expert and skillful producers, but intends to lay stress on the essential aesthetic one with visual media under the social and cultural context, in respect of a consumer including a man of culture.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

최근 합성천연가스(synthetic natural gas, SNG)의 사용과 합성천연가스를 생산하는 플랜트의 실증 운영이 증가하고 있다. SNG 플랜트는 다양하게 개발된 여러 합성 공정 기술이 적용되고 있으며, 이러한 공정의 특성상 고온, 고압의 운전 조건을 가진다. 기존 여러 연구들은 주로 합성천연가스 생산을 위한 화학적 합성 공정의 변수와 공정 최적화에 대한 연구에 집중되어 왔다. 이에 비해, 기존 산업 플랜트와는 다소 차별되는, 공정 특성으로 인한 SNG 플랜트의 기계적 손상과 유지보수 기법에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 SNG플랜트의 주요 배관계통에 대해 ASME B31.3에 의거한 배관 시스템 응력 해석을 수행하였다. 또한 특이 부위에 대해 상세 국부 응력 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과로부터 배관 주요부위 중 파손 리스크가 높은 취약부의 위치를 선정하였다. 이 위치들은 배관 위험도 관리 대상으로 활용할 수 있다. 배관 시스템 응력 해석은 설계 운전조건과 실제 운전조건을 고려하여 수행되었다. 배관 시스템 응력 해석을 통해 도출된 주요 부위에 대해서는 국부적 상세 응력 해석을 위해 유한 요소 해석이 수행되었다. 발생되는 상세 응력 값은 가스화 반응기 및 하부 곡관부 대한 ASME B31.3 코드 표준을 만족하였다. 하부 곡관부의 경우 수직 변위를 제한하는 것이 구조적으로 안전 향상에 좋을 것으로 파악되었다. 수행된 해석결과는 향후 위험도 기반 유지 보수 검사 및 안전 운영에 대해 기반 정보로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.776-783
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• 2016

영화 속 얼굴 이미지에 대한 논의가 시작된 것은 영화가 하나의 예술임을 인정받기 시작한 무성 영화 시기부터 인데, 이 시기는 클로즈 업을 인식하는 두 관점에 따라 얼굴 이미지는 다른 의미와 기능을 갖게 된다. 첫째는 클로즈 업을 영화의 새로운 미학적 가능성을 지닌 독립체로 보는 관점인데, 이 경우 클로즈 업은 얼굴을 재현하는 독자적 수단으로 이해되어, 얼굴 이미지와 클로즈 업 모두에게 특권적 지위가 부여된다. 둘째, 클로즈 업 또한 서사를 완성하는 구성체 중 하나로 보는 관점인데, 이 경우 대상의 지표 성을 부곽 시키는 클로즈 업의 특성이 이해되지 못하기 때문에, 얼굴 이미지 또한 서사의 완결성을 와해시키지 않는 선에서, 다른 쇼트와 변별점이 없는 하나의 쇼트로 이해된다. 이 시기의 논의는 영화의 미장센을 구성하는 다양한 요소와의 관계를 통해 다양한 기능과 의미를 갖게 될 얼굴 이미지의 미학적 가능성에 대한 논의가 클로즈 업의 자장 안에서만 이루어진다는 한계가 있지만. 그럼에도 불구하고 영화 속 얼굴 이미지에 대한 미학적 탐구의 가능성을 발견 했다는 점과, 이 시기의 비평적 담론이 현재까지도 유효하다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다.