• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.356-365
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• 2012

There have been growing concerns among people about food safety due to insufficient information on foodborne pathogens. In this study, we developed a risk priority of 15 foodborne pathogens. For the priority determination we collected risk profile criteria information from CODEX Alimentarius Commission and developed countries. The basis for criteria we selected from information of surveillance were frequency and severity of disease, frequency of consumption and probability of cross-contamination. We also considered foodborne pathogens which have been managed in developed countries though those pathogens are not currently managed appropriately in Korea. Priorities were divided into three groups following these consideration. The first priority group includes Norovirus, pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella spp, Clostridium botulinum and Listeria monocytogenes. The second priority group includes Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Stapylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni and Bacillus cereus, and the third priority group includes Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella spp, Cronobacter sakazakii and Hepatitis A virus. Our results could be applied to prevent foodborne illness from fresh produce.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.785-796
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• 2023

The adoption of Environmental, Social, and Governance(ESG) practices in domestic construction firms is predominantly driven by major corporations. These companies not only publish reports on their ESG management but also engage in a meticulous process of identifying key issues and setting priorities. This process entails an in-depth evaluation of the severity of various issues and the gathering of insights from experts in the field. Interestingly, a comparative analysis of ESG assessments for construction companies, both domestically and internationally, reveals significant discrepancies in outcomes. These differences stem from the varied evaluation methodologies and criteria employed by different assessing bodies. Addressing this gap, our study proposes a suite of strategies aimed at bolstering ESG management within the construction sector. We advocate for enhanced policy support and financial backing, especially targeting small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) to facilitate their engagement in ESG practices. A critical step forward involves the standardization and transparent disclosure of ESG evaluation criteria, tailored to reflect the unique aspects of the construction industry. Moreover, the standardization and publication of ESG assessments for subcontractors are essential, equipping them with the necessary tools for effective ESG management and evaluation. Given the global nature of construction projects, particularly those commissioned by the European Union in regions like Africa and East Asia, adherence to ESG standards is imperative. Our long-term vision includes the development of a comprehensive database detailing ESG regulations and their impacts, segmented by region and country. This repository will serve as a valuable resource for companies venturing into international construction projects.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.305-320
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• 2005

Recently 64 species in Korea have been ranked as rare and endangered taxa by the Ministry of Environment using two categories, I and II. The original threat categories produced by the Ministry of Environment were developed to provide a standard for specifying animals and plants in danger of extinction and has been influential sources of information used in species conservation in Korea. However, the criteria by Ministry of Environment were applied to the whole taxa only by regional boundaries, especially in South Korea, rather than international context, and it also lacked an explicit framework that was necessary to ensure repeatability among taxa because of the absence of quantitative criteria to measure the likelihood of extinction. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has developed quantitative criteria for assessing the conservation status of species. The threatened species categories, the 2000 IUCN Red List, proposed by SSC (Species Survival Commission) of IUCN have become widely recognized internationally. Details of threatened Korean plants, identified by applying the IUCN threat categories and definitions, were listed and analyzed. The number of species identified as threatened was only 34 out of 64 taxa (48.4%), while the rest of taxa were rejected from the original lists. Many of the species (51.6%, 33 taxa) excluded from the original list proposed by Ministry of Environment do not qualify as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable because these taxa were widely distributed either in Japan or in China/far eastern Russia and there is no evidence of substantial decline in these countries. An evaluation of taxa in Korea has been carried out only based on subjective views and qualitative data, rather than quantitative scientific data, such as rates of decline, distribution range size, population size, and risk of extinction. Therefore, the national lists undermine the credibility of threatened species lists and invite misuse, which have been raised by other cases, qualitative estimate of risk, political influence, uneven taxonomic or geographical coverage. The increasing emphasis on international responsibilities means that global scale is becoming more significant. The current listings by Environment of Ministry of Korea should be challenged, and the government should seek to facilitate the resolution of disagreements. Especially the list should be flexible enough to handle uncertainty and also incorporates detailed, quantitative data. It is suggested that the highest priorities for the Red List should be given to endemic species in Korea first. After setting up the list of endemic species to Korea, quantitative data on population size and structure, distributional range, rated of decline, and habitat fragmentation should be collected as one of long term projects for the Red list categories. Transparency and accountability are the most important key factors. Also, species assessors are named and data sources referenced are required for the future objective evaluations on Korean plant taxa.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2010

We conducted a quantitative human health risk assessment with respect to inhalation of heavy metals for residents of housing developments in "new towns" where an incinerator will be operated within the area scheduled for construction thereof. To assess potential human health risk we calculated the amount of heavy metals emitted from the incinerator, and then forecasted the potential health impact on adjoining areas where new housing is to be developed (i.e. "new towns") at different altitudes by a using SCREEN-3 model. We assessed Cancer Risk (CR) caused by known carcinogens using the Inhalation Unit Risk criteria developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Notably, we assessed risk by determining concentrations of heavy metals on a floor by floor basis, as apartment buildings are to be constructed near the incinerator according to a pre-devised plan. Results indicated that cancer risk for most carcinogens exceeded US EPA standards for the highest locations at each collection point. This result indicates that construction of high buildings in areas adjoining incinerators is undesirable, and that measures to lower carcinogens are needed. The results of this study, which assessed health risk from exposure to heavy metals emitted from a nearby incinerator, can be useful in land use planning with respect to the location of housing developments in new towns, as well as the heights of any buildings constructed. Furthermore, the methodology deployed herein with respect to risk assessment can be helpful for policy makers and the general public in the event of conflicts regarding incinerator projects in the future. The results herein may also be of merit in determining priorities when establishing harm reduction measures for carcinogens at incinerators. However, the study does contain several limitations. The SCREEN-3 model, a kind of screening model that provides conservative results, can provide higher forecasted concentrations of air pollutants than other models. Moreover, although the incinerator in question is set to be a thermoselect type, domestic data for emissions from these incinerators is not available, and assumptions were based on a stoker type incinerator. Insufficient domestic data likewise compelled the use of data of USA, resulting in possible errors in results. Continued research will thus be required to develop systematic methodologies that address the foregoing factors and produce more reliable outcomes.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.471-498
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• 2009

The ability to judge a country's scientific standing is vital for the governments and businesses that must decide scientific priorities and funding. In this paper, we analyze the output and outcomes from research investment over the recent years, to measure the quality of scientific research on national scales and to set it in an international context. There are many ways to evaluate the quality of scientific research, but few have proved satisfactory. To measure the quantity and quality of science in different nations, we analyzed the numbers of published research papers and their citations. The number of citations per paper is a useful measure of the impact of a nation's research output. Essential at a were acquired from SCI database by Thomson Scientific, which indexes more than 8,000 journals, representing most significant materials in science and engineering. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the output and outcomes among nations in a variety of viewpoints and criteria. One of the implications in response to the result of analysis is that sustainable economic development in highly competitive world markets requires a direct engagement in the generation of knowledge. Even modest improvement in healthcare, clean water, sanitation, food, and transport need capabilities in engineering, technology, and medicine beyond many countries' reach. Nations exporting natural resources such as gold and oil can import technology and expertise, but only until these resources are exhausted. For them, sustainability should imply investment in alternative agricultural and technological capabilities through improvements in their skills base. A strong science base does not necessarily leat to wealth generation. However, strength in science has additional benefits for individual nations, and for the world as a whole.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 2004

Problems and current situation of public health globally and domestically were analyzed in this study and based on these findings, ways to improve from western medicine and Oriental medicine can be deduced as follows: 1. Current problems of public health in Korea and the world 1) Increase of diseases resulted from daily habits and infectious diseases, many are at the brink of being ill. Quality of life from extended life span and unbalanced health care must be solved. 2) Natural and societal factors including host factors, public health service, and other external and internal factors play an important role in deciding healthy and being ill. 3) Some of the limits and problems of modem medicine include insufficient academic knowledge and incomplete theory, as well as misled approach to the treatment. Human itself isn't perfect organism and other realistic problems hinder one's well-being. 4) Regardless of western medicine or Oriental medicine, patients were approached as someone with diseases and disorders, and wholistic approach was disregarded. Lack of clinical training, absence of clear educational philosophy and goal are some of the reasons why the education isn't under concrete system 2. Important factors for the medical education and proper direction for the education of Oriental medicine 1) Important factors for medical education - Education should not be limited on the human health and illness, but also cover qualities such as well-being, social welfare, service, and happiness. Every aspects of human life must be considered and attended for more productive outcome. - Basic understanding of humanity must be included in the educational curriculum - Foundation of human diseases and pain are associated with inner life and surrounding causes including family, society, nature, race, culture, religion, politics, and etc., thus the education must be approached to recognize aforementioned criteria. 2) Proper direction for the education of Oriental medicine - Values of Oriental medicine for medical principles and importance of lifehood must be educated. - Educational goal, limits, and levels must be established for the school of Oriental medicine - Respect for life must be the top priorities of educational direction which should lead to solution based education for the human health. Latest medical theory and technology should be accommodated as well as prevention, treatment, and balancing of basic courses and clinical training for optimal education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study was performed for the purpose of reviewing the strategic management direction and ideas of the policy for Seoul City's Hangang Renaissance. In order to accomplish this, levels were established for each step of the policy and the policy priority by level was derived. The policy priority by level was analyzed by a decision making model through the Analytic Network Process(ANP) and the priority would be the standard to judge the order of priority. The analysis results showed that there was not a big difference between the priorities of two basic concepts: restoration and creation. The fourth level, detail plan of the third level, showed priority that development by type for waterside city in case of reorganizing city space and diversification of land utilization, utilization of riverside space in water front town for public and composit purpose, establishment of comprehensive plan on constructions in case of improving the landscape of Hangang and unified design plan rose to important element in case of forming Hangang park with the me. Based on the results of priority analysis, we would like to propose for the direction about the policy on Hangang Renaissance project, the policies forming Hangang Park with theme through unified design plan and reorganizing city space have to be proceed preferentially and connected with other plans.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.367-373
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to derive the factors for purchasing a meal kit in their 20s and 30s and analyze the purchasing behavior from which factors they want to buy a meal kit in each lifestyle type. The first methodology of this study is inducing 7 factors derived from previous research on purchasing a meal kit. The second is the in-depth interview on 3 male and 3 female participants with clear purchasing criteria. As a result of the study, meal kit buyers in their 20s-30s evaluated the importance of purchasing factors in the order of quality, convenience, and taste on average in the survey. In in-depth interviews, more than half answered that they could be satisfied with the experience of using the meal kit at least freshness met. In conclusion, MZ generation meal kit consumers have a high rate of pursuing rational consumption. This study is valuable in understanding the priorities of the MZ generation's meal kit purchasing attributes and examining lifestyle type's purchasing behaviors.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2023

This study was conducted for the purpose of the basic direction for the new regulations and categories of Ruralism changing in the new era. To this end, the results of Delphi analysis and AHP analysis by dividing it into the definition, criteria, scope and component items of Ruralism based on systematic literature review are as follows. First, through studies representing most rural areas, it was found that Ruralism was the most problematic keyword and most of the studies did not cover it as they were studying various ranges of rural areas. Second, the Delphi survey was able to derive keywords that can be used as evidence for item classification and clear concept establishment for the regulation and category setting of Ruralism. Third, through the hierarchical decision-making method, it was found that landscape factors are the most important thing in forming Ruralism as well as deriving priorities that can be a baseline for each item. This study is meaningful in providing a minimum baseline as basic data for establishing the concept of Ruralism, and it is believed that future-oriented Ruralism can be established if reviews are added from various perspectives to overcome limitations dependent on expert groups.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

Cyber security in the automobile sector is a key factor in the life cycle of automobiles, and cyber security evaluation standards are being strengthened worldwide. In addition, not only manufacturers who design and produce automobiles, but also due to the nature of automobiles consisting of complex components and various parts, the safety of cybersecurity can be secured only when the implementation level of the cybersecurity management system of companies participating in the entire supply chain is evaluated and managed. In this study, I analyzed the requirements of ISO/SAE 21434 and TISAX, which are representative standards for evaluating automotive cybersecurity. Through a survey conducted on domestic/overseas company security officers and related experts, suitability and feasibility were reviewed according to priorities and industries, so 6 areas and 45 evaluation criteria were derived and presented as final evaluation items. This study is meaningful as a study in that it presented a model that allows companies participating in the automotive supply chain to evaluate the current cybersecurity management level of the company by first applying ISO/SAE 21434 and TISAX overall control processes before uniformly introducing them.