• 제목/요약/키워드: credit-control

검색결과 116건 처리시간 0.028초

기업지배구조정보가 신용재무평점에 미치는 영향 (A Study on Effects of Corporate Governance Information on Credit Financial Ratings)

  • 김동영;김동일;서병우
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2015
  • 기업지배구조가 우수하면 기업경영자의 감시역할을 하고 대리비용과 정보비대칭을 감소시킨다. 기업지배구조점수가 높을수록 기업 내부통제시스템과 재무보고 체계가 잘 갖추어져 있으므로 기업 경영이 활성화되고 기업성과가 높아지므로 신용재무평점이 높아질 것이다. 이러한 전제하에 가설을 설정하고 본 연구는 기업지배구조(CGI)가 신용재무평점(CFR)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 실증 연구하였다. 연구결과, 기업지배구조(CGI)와 신용재무평점의 관련성은 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다, 회귀계수부호는 기대부호인 양(+)이 값이 나타났다. 이러한 결과 기업지배구조(CGI)가 우수할수록 신용재무평점의 점수가 커질 것이라는 예측과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 CGI가 우수할수록 신용재무평점이 커진다는 것이다. 본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임, 건전한 지배구조와 감시기구를 갖춘 기업이 보다 높은 신용등급을 받을 수 있다는 유용한 지침을 실무 및 연구 분야에 제공해 줄 것으로 기대한다.

다양한 다분류 SVM을 적용한 기업채권평가 (Corporate Bond Rating Using Various Multiclass Support Vector Machines)

  • 안현철;김경재
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.157-178
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    • 2009
  • Corporate credit rating is a very important factor in the market for corporate debt. Information concerning corporate operations is often disseminated to market participants through the changes in credit ratings that are published by professional rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's (S&P) and Moody's Investor Service. Since these agencies generally require a large fee for the service, and the periodically provided ratings sometimes do not reflect the default risk of the company at the time, it may be advantageous for bond-market participants to be able to classify credit ratings before the agencies actually publish them. As a result, it is very important for companies (especially, financial companies) to develop a proper model of credit rating. From a technical perspective, the credit rating constitutes a typical, multiclass, classification problem because rating agencies generally have ten or more categories of ratings. For example, S&P's ratings range from AAA for the highest-quality bonds to D for the lowest-quality bonds. The professional rating agencies emphasize the importance of analysts' subjective judgments in the determination of credit ratings. However, in practice, a mathematical model that uses the financial variables of companies plays an important role in determining credit ratings, since it is convenient to apply and cost efficient. These financial variables include the ratios that represent a company's leverage status, liquidity status, and profitability status. Several statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been applied as tools for predicting credit ratings. Among them, artificial neural networks are most prevalent in the area of finance because of their broad applicability to many business problems and their preeminent ability to adapt. However, artificial neural networks also have many defects, including the difficulty in determining the values of the control parameters and the number of processing elements in the layer as well as the risk of over-fitting. Of late, because of their robustness and high accuracy, support vector machines (SVMs) have become popular as a solution for problems with generating accurate prediction. An SVM's solution may be globally optimal because SVMs seek to minimize structural risk. On the other hand, artificial neural network models may tend to find locally optimal solutions because they seek to minimize empirical risk. In addition, no parameters need to be tuned in SVMs, barring the upper bound for non-separable cases in linear SVMs. Since SVMs were originally devised for binary classification, however they are not intrinsically geared for multiclass classifications as in credit ratings. Thus, researchers have tried to extend the original SVM to multiclass classification. Hitherto, a variety of techniques to extend standard SVMs to multiclass SVMs (MSVMs) has been proposed in the literature Only a few types of MSVM are, however, tested using prior studies that apply MSVMs to credit ratings studies. In this study, we examined six different techniques of MSVMs: (1) One-Against-One, (2) One-Against-AIL (3) DAGSVM, (4) ECOC, (5) Method of Weston and Watkins, and (6) Method of Crammer and Singer. In addition, we examined the prediction accuracy of some modified version of conventional MSVM techniques. To find the most appropriate technique of MSVMs for corporate bond rating, we applied all the techniques of MSVMs to a real-world case of credit rating in Korea. The best application is in corporate bond rating, which is the most frequently studied area of credit rating for specific debt issues or other financial obligations. For our study the research data were collected from National Information and Credit Evaluation, Inc., a major bond-rating company in Korea. The data set is comprised of the bond-ratings for the year 2002 and various financial variables for 1,295 companies from the manufacturing industry in Korea. We compared the results of these techniques with one another, and with those of traditional methods for credit ratings, such as multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), multinomial logistic regression (MLOGIT), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). As a result, we found that DAGSVM with an ordered list was the best approach for the prediction of bond rating. In addition, we found that the modified version of ECOC approach can yield higher prediction accuracy for the cases showing clear patterns.

ATM망의 ABR 트래픽 관리에 관한 연구 (An Effective ABR Flow Control Algorithm of ATM)

  • 임청규
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.132-138
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    • 1998
  • ATM망에서 CVR, VBR, UBR, ABR과 같은 트랙이 존재하는데 특히 ABR 트래픽 관리에 대해서 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. ABR은 CBR/VBR이 쓰고 남은 대역폭을 쓰게 되는데 이 남은 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용하고자 많은 방식이 나오고 있다 ATM Forum의 트래픽 관리 WG(Working Group)에서는 ABR서비스의 흐름제어 loop을 구현하기위한 방식으로 Rate-based와 Credit-base. 그리고 이 두 가지 방식을 혼합한 방식에 대해서연구를 진행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Rate-based 방식에서 EFCI. ER과 VS / VD(Virtual Source/Virtual Destination)등을 이용한 스위치에 대해서 알아보고 VS/VD 방식과 기존의EPRCA알고리듬을 응용하여 효율적으로 ABR트래픽을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 메커니즘을제안한다.

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Compound effects of operating parameters on burnup credit criticality analysis in boiling water reactor spent fuel assemblies

  • Wu, Shang-Chien;Chao, Der-Sheng;Liang, Jenq-Horng
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.18-24
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    • 2018
  • This study proposes a new method of analyzing the burnup credit in boiling water reactor spent fuel assemblies against various operating parameters. The operating parameters under investigation include fuel temperature, axial burnup profile, axial moderator density profile, and control blade usage. In particular, the effects of variations in one and two operating parameters on the curve of effective multiplication factor ($k_{eff}$) versus burnup (B) are, respectively, the so-called single and compound effects. All the calculations were performed using SCALE 6.1 together with the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files, part B (ENDF/B)-VII238-neutron energy group data library. Furthermore, two geometrical models were established based on the General Electric (GE)14 $10{\times}10$ boiling water reactor fuel assembly and the Generic Burnup-Credit (GBC)-68 storage cask. The results revealed that the curves of $k_{eff}$ versus B, due to single and compound effects, can be approximated using a first degree polynomial of B. However, the reactivity deviation (or changes of $k_{eff}$, ${\Delta}k$) in some compound effects was not a summation of the all ${\Delta}k$ resulting from the two associated single effects. This phenomenon is undesirable because it may to some extent affect the precise assessment of burnup credit. In this study, a general formula was thus proposed to express the curves of $k_{eff}$ versus B for both single and compound effects.

기업건전성평가에 미치는 내부통제정보의 유용성에 관한 실증분석 연구 (An Empirical Analysis about the usefulness of Internal Control Information on Corporate Soundness Assessment)

  • 유길현;김대룡
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제14권8호
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    • pp.163-175
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 기업의 내부통제 취약점 유무가 금융기관의 기업건전성 평가 분류와 유의적으로 작용하는지를 실증 분석함으로써, 기업에게는 효율적인 내부통제제도 형성유인을 제공하고 금융기관에게는 내부회계관리제도에 따른 정보유용성을 실증적으로 확인해 보는데 있다. 분석대상은 2008년부터 2013년까지 K_금융기관과 거래실적이 있는 유가증권 및 코스닥 상장기업과 자산 1,000억 원 이상의 비상장기업이다. 분석결과, 내부회계관리제도에 따른 내부통제 취약점 비보고기업은 평균적으로 'BBB' 신용등급을 받는데 반하여, 보고기업은 'CCC'등급을 받고 있으며, 자산 건전성 분류 역시 통계적으로 유의하게 비보고기업은 '정상'으로, 보고기업은 '요주의' 기업으로 분류되고 있다. 따라서 내부통제의 취약점 보고정보는 기업이 형성하는 재무자료의 신뢰성을 저하시켜 기업에게는 낮은 신용등급의 원인으로, 금융기관에게는 자산부실화 예방을 위한 충당금 추가 적립, 높은 대출금리 요구의 유인이 될 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 내부회계관리제도에 따른 내부통제의 취약점 보고가 기업신용평가나 자산건전성 분류 등 기업 건전성에 대한 금융기관의 평가에 유의한 정보로써 활용될 수 있다는 점을 제시하고 있는 것이 본 연구의 주요의의이다.

실험교과목에 포함된 요소설계의 효과적인 운영에 대한 연구 (A Study on Effective Management of Design Included in An Experimental Course)

  • 유윤섭;김상훈
    • 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.51-55
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문은 한경대학교 정보제어공학심화과정 3학년에 포함된 2학점(3시간) 실험교과목 "기초전자회로설계및실험"과 "응용전자회로설계및실험"에 포함된 1학점(1시간) 요소설계의 운영에 대해서 소개한다. 1학점(2시간)의 실험과 병행하여 1학점(1시간) 요소설계을 공학인증기준에 부합하도록 운영하는 절차, 운영결과 및 개선점을 소개한다. 학생들은 설계교과목 이수체계도에 따라서 체계적으로 설계교과목을 이수해야 효과적인 설계법을 배울 수 있다.

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A Comparison and Evaluation of New Regulation on People Credit Funds Rating in Vietnam

  • Dang, Thu Thuy
    • Asian Journal of Business Environment
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The purpose of this research is to make a comparative assessment of People Credit Funds (PCFs) ranking in Vietnam between the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 with the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is mainly based on the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 and the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank on PCFs ranking. Results - The study paper has shown positive changes in PCFs ranking in Vietnam in accordance with the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN, such as increasing Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), maintaining CAR, improving assets quality, developing indicators of governance, management and control capability. These changes have implications for the development and efficient performance of PCFs in Vietnam. Conclusions - The classification and evaluation of PCFs will contribute to its healthy development. These finding support PCFs to understand more about rating methodology, significance of rating system and the importance of improving their rating. PCFs in Vietnam desire to develop their business effectively, they need to understand exactly and comply fully with regulations related to their field of operations.

The Effect of the Global Financial Crisis on Corporate Investment in Korea: From the Perspective of Costly External Finance

  • JEONG, DAEHEE
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.19-44
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    • 2015
  • This paper examines the effect of the global financial crisis on corporate investment in Korea. Specifically, the crisis was considered to have possibly constrained firm-level investment as the negative shock to the credit supply dramatically unfolded. As Duchin et al. (2010) demonstrated, if a negative supply-side shock is evident during a crisis period, larger cash holdings before the crisis will lead to fewer constraints to corporate investment, or vice versa. In order to investigate the supply-side effect of the crisis, we use firm-level financial data, including firms listed on the Korean stock market as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. We find that corporate investment declined significantly after the crisis, even if we control for factors associated with the demand side, such as contemporaneous capital productivity and cash flow. More importantly, the decline is positively and significantly related to cash holdings before the crisis, implying the negative effect of a credit supply shock. Small and medium enterprises experienced relatively sharp investment declines compared to those of larger firms, and the relationship between pre-crisis cash amounts and the degree of investment decline is greater than that in large firms. Additionally, we examine whether the negative effect persists up to the present, finding evidence that the cash-investment relationship continues in small and medium-sized enterprises.

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클라우드컴퓨팅 이용 신용카드사의 영세수탁자 개인신용정보 보호방안 (Protection Plan of Trustee Personal Credit Information for Credit Card Company Using Cloud Computing)

  • 김시인;김인석
    • 정보보호학회논문지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.885-895
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    • 2019
  • 최근 금융권 해킹사례를 통해서 알 수 있듯이 공격자는 금융회사를 직접 해킹하기 보다는 보안관리가 허술한 수탁자를 대상으로 해킹공격을 시도하고 있다. 이로 인해 위탁자는 수탁자에 대한 보안점검 및 통제를 강화하고 있으나 영세 수탁자의 경우 전산설비 부족 및 보안장비 도입 시 과도한 비용 발생으로 인해 정보보호 투자에 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는 신용카드사들로부터 개인정보를 제공 받은 영세수탁업체의 보안강화를 위해 개인정보 라이프 사이클 기준으로 취약점에 대해 알아 보고자한다. 취약점 해결방안으로 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스에 소송관리시스템을 구축하여 사용하고 데이터 전송구간은 가상사설망을 설치하여 기밀성 및 무결성을 확보한다. 또한 사용자 보안강화를 위해 사용자PC에 PC방화벽, 출력물 보안등의 설치를 통한 개인신용정보 처리 보호방안을 제시하고자 한다.

전자금융거래 시 보안 통제 사항의 개선 연구 (A Study on Improving Security Controls in the Electronic Financial Transaction)

  • 이강신
    • 정보보호학회논문지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.881-888
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    • 2015
  • 금융분야에서 개인신용정보 유출사고로 인하여 금융당국은 전자금융거래법등에 통제사항을 강화하여 왔다. 이에 따라 정보보호 수준이 한 단계 향상이 되었지만 추가로 개선할 사항이 더 없는지 연구해볼 필요가 있게 되었다. 본 논문은 정보보호 분야에서 통제사항을 총 망라하는 정보보호관리체계인증의 통제사항과 비교하여 추가로 개선할 통제사항을 전문가들의 의견을 모아 일정 중요도 이상이 되는 19개를 도출하였다.