• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.1A
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• pp.76-83
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• 2005

This paper presents the design and implementation of credit-control application to provide prepaid service for Diameter Mobile-lP application in Diameter-based AAA system. Diameter credit-control application is designed to support prepaid accounting service, which is not supported in RADIUS and Diameter accounting. Real-time credit-control requires that an application must be able to rate service information in real-time. In addition, it is necessary to check that the end user's account provides coverage for the requested service, prior to initiation of that service. In this paper, we design and implementation Diameter credit-control to provide prepaid service for Diameter Mobile-IP application.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.873-880
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internal control on credit risk of joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam from 2007 to 2018. Furthermore, we specify bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic conditions, and analyze how these factors affect credit risk of banks: the number of board members, the number of board members with banking or finance background as ratio of total board members, loans to total assets ratio, loans to deposit ratio, the number of days between the year-end and the publication of the financial statements, and the use of top four auditing firms proxy for five elements of internal control. By using the dataset of 30 Vietnamese joint stock commercial banks and Bayesian linear regression via Random-walk Metropolis Hastings algorithm, the results of this study show that five elements of internal control have a impact on bank credit risk, namely, control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities. For factors of banks' characteristics, bank size and financial leverage have a negative impact on banks' credit risk, and bank age has a positive effect. For macroeconomic factors, inflation has a positive impact and economic growth has a negative impact on banks' credit risk.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2006

In next generation wireless networks, an application must be capable of rating service information in real-time and prior to initiation of the service it is necessary to check whether the end user's account provides coverage for the requested service. However, to provide prepaid services effectively, credit-control should have minimal latency. In an endeavor to support real-time credit-control for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), we design an implementation architecture model of credit-control authorization. The proposed integrated model combines a typical credit-control authorization procedure into the MIPv6 authentication procedure. We implement it on a single server for minimal latency. Thus, the server can perform credit-control authorization and MIPv6 authentication simultaneously. Implementation details are described as software blocks and units. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed model. latency of credit-control authorization is measured according to various Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication mechanisms. The performance results indicate that the proposed approach has considerably low latency compared with the existing separated models, in which credit-control authorization is separated from the MIPv6 authentication.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.1253-1256
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• 2003

유무선의 다양한 환경에서 신뢰할 수 있는 Accounting 을 할 수 있도록 AAA 프로토콜중에 하나인 DIAMETER 의 기능과 특성에 대해서 알아보고 기존의 Accounting 의 문제점을 보완한 Credit-Control 모델에 대해 알아 보도록 한다.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2009

Debt and credit problems in Korea have been escalated during the past decade. The number of people with debt and credit problems is in its historic high. In May 2008, about 2.48 million debtors are officially classified as bad debtors and 7.20 million people have low credit scores. People with low credit scores are in disadvantageous situation in the financial market thus their financial transactions and activities are limited. In 2004, Korean government introduced various credit rehabilitation programs. However, most of these problems are remedial in nature and preventive programs such as credit counseling and debtor education are lacking. The purpose of this review is to examine US credit counseling and debtor education programs to obtain insights for preventive credit program developments in Korea. The review focused on programs offered through National Foundation for Credit Counseling, Jump Start, and Cooperative Extension Services from two large land grant Universities. From the program review suggestions and recommendations for educational contents, program and educator developments, and program quality control were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.76-79
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• 2007

RFID is issued as a core technology for Ubiquitous environment recently. Especially, Mobile RFID which is converged with RFID and wireless internet, provides new services to users, increased added-value to service providers. For commercial service of Mobile RFID, it needs an accounting service. The Diameter Base Protocol, mostly used for authentication, authorization, and accounting service, supports only deferred accounting service. For more variable accounting policy, Diameter Credit-Control Application which is capable of prepayment accounting, also should be considered. In this paper, a new accounting model with Diameter Credit-Control Application for Mobile RFID service is proposed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2022

This study was conducted to confirm the relationship between the proactive accounts receivable management of SMEs on credit sales decision making and business performance, and to derive effective accounts receivable management plan and systematic credit sales decision making plan. Based on 455 copies of data collected through a survey targeting SMEs, it was confirmed through factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and model fit verification, and the research hypothesis was verified with a structural equation model. As a result of the verification, credit rating had a positive effect on financial performance, sales performance and credit sales decision, while credit control had a positive effect on financial performance, while negative effect on sales performance and credit sales decision. In the mediating effect hypothesis test, credit sales decision had a positive effect between credit rating and business performance and a negative effect between credit control and business performance. The study suggests that if small and medium-sized enterprises improve their business performance through effective accounts receivable management, they can create a synergistic effect in enhancing the business performance of companies if they simultaneously improve their proactive accounts receivable management and credit sales decision ability. Future research is required to study the impact of factors such as segmentation of research subjects and credit transaction motives and accounts receivables management.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.517-524
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• 2004

For real world applications of reinforcement learning techniques, function approximation or generalization will be required to avoid curse of dimensionality. For this, an improved function approximation-based reinforcement teaming method is proposed to speed up convergence by using CA-CMAC(Credit-Assigned Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller). To show that our proposed CACRL(CA-CMAC-based Reinforcement Learning) performs better than the CRL(CMAC- based Reinforcement Learning), computer simulation and experiment results are illustrated, where a swing-up control Problem of an acrobot is considered.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.621-624
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• 2003

For real world applications of reinforcement learning techniques, function approximation or generalization will be required to avoid curse of dimensionality. For this, an improved function approximation-based reinforcement learning method is proposed to speed up convergence by using CA-CMAC(Credit-Assigned Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller). To show that our proposed CACRL(CA-CMAC-based Reinforcement Learning) performs better than the CRL(CMAC-based Reinforcement Learning), computer simulation results are illustrated, where a swing-up control problem of an acrobot is considered.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.102-119
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• 2021

Social credit rating in China (SCRC) has been criticized as "dystopian" and "Orwellian," an attempt by the Communist Party to hold onto power by exerting ever greater control over its citizens. To explain such measures, value differences are often invoked, that Chinese value stability and cooperation over privacy and freedom. However, these explanations are oversimplifications that result in ethical impasses. This article argues social credit rating should be understood in terms of the commonly human problem of large-scale cooperation. To do so, this paper relies on a cultural evolutionary framework and is an exercise in interpretive pros hen ethical pluralism, attempting to understand how apparently irresolvable cultural differences stem from common human concerns. Wholesale condemnation of SCRC fails to acknowledge the serious, intractable nature of problems resulting from a lack of trust in China. They take for granted the existence of institutions ensuring largescale, anonymous cooperation characteristic of - but somewhat unique to - Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) cultures. Because of its history and rapid development, China lacks the institutions necessary to ensure such cooperation, and because of anti-social punishment, social credit rating might be one of the few ways to ensure cooperation at this scale. The point is not to defend social credit rating in general, but to raise the possibility of its defense in China and show one way this would be done.